抗真菌药物的研究II.C-端含氧代赖氨酸二肽的合成及抗白念珠菌活性

引用违法传递概念设计合成了11个C-末端含氧代赖氨酸二肽,进行抗深部致病菌-白念珠菌活性试验,体外实验结果显示极强的抑菌活性,MIC在12.5～0.8μg/disk之间,较母体氧化赖氨酸大50～135倍(克分子比。     

Recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients

BACKGROUND: Because the natural history of atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) is not known in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) but without device-based atrial therapies, we aimed to describe the characteristics and recurrence of AT in such patients. METHODS: In this multicenter trial, 269 patients with standard indications for ICD placement and 2 episodes of AT in the preceding year received a dual-chamber ICD capable of logging AT. Patients were randomly assigned to 3-month periods of atrial therapies "on" or "off." This analysis considered only the 118 patients with atrial therapies programmed off at ICD placement. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients (49%) had at least 1 AT episode longer than 1 minute, and 21 (18%) had at least 1 prolonged episode (>24 hours). The median episode frequency for each patient (episodes per month) was 1.8 episodes longer than 1 minute, 0.8 longer than 1 hour, and 0 longer than 24 hours. The median AT burden was 12.2 hours per month. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with standard ICD indications and history of AT have infrequent episodes, frequent short episodes, or prolonged episodes of AT-atrial fibrillation. However, the clinical characteristics examined did not distinguish among the groups. Improved diagnostic tools may help identify patients at risk for development of AT, thereby allowing specific therapies to be targeted to each group of patients.     

Inpatient admissions for interventional radiology: philosophy of patient management

As an alternative to performing interventional radiology on inpatients under the care of internists and surgeons, the authors have established a cardiovascular radiology admitting service for well-screened, elective patients. The patients are admitted under the care of a cardiovascular radiology fellow and a staff physician. From April 1982 to December 1983, 133 patients were admitted to the service. Patients are cared for in a surgical ward or in an intermediate unit, as determined by the clinical situation. Advantages of this approach include a broader patient referral base, improved rapport with clinical colleagues and patients, improved follow-up data, and rapid evaluation and treatment, resulting in short hospital stays. The major disadvantages involve the commitment of time and staff necessary to provide quality care. The concept of the interventional radiologist in the role of admitting physician has important implications in terms of negotiations for additional financial compensation, commensurate with the skill and time required for performing these procedures and caring for the patient.     

The Influence of Vibration on Muscle Activation and Rate of Force Development during Maximal Isometric Contractions

At present there appears to be a need for research conducted on the effects of vibration on the contractile ability of skeletal muscle tissue. The aim of this study was to address this issue by examining the effects of a superimposed muscle/tendon vibration at 50.42±1.16 Hz (acceleration 13.24 ± 0.18ms^-2: displacement ≈5mm) on muscular activation and maximal isometric contraction. Sixteen participants with a mean age, body mass, and height of 22 ± 4.4 years, 73.2 ± 11.7 kg and 173.1 ± 9.7 cms, respectively, were recruited for this study. Electromyography and accelerometry from the rectus femoris, and maximal isometric force data characteristics were collected from the dominant limb under conditions of vibration, and no-vibration. A superimposed 50 Hz vibration was used during the contraction phase for the maximal isometric leg extension for the condition of vibration. A one-way ANOVA revealed no significant (p > 0.05) differences between the vibration and no-vibration conditions for peak normalized EMG_RMS (84.74% Vs 88.1%) values. An ANOVA revealed significant (p > 0.05) differences between the peak fundamental frequencies of the FFT between the conditions vibration (27.1 ± 12.2 Hz) and no-vibration (9.8 ± 3.5 Hz). Peak isometric force, peak rate of force development, rate of force development at times 0.05, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 seconds, and rate of force development at 50, 75, and 90% of peak force were not significantly different. The results of this study suggest that the application of vibration stimulation at 50 Hz during the contraction does not contribute to muscle activation, or enhance force production for maximal isometric contractions.

Key Points

• The application of a vibratory stimulation to the human body increases the normal acceleration resulting in an increase in force and a change in performance
• This study was to address this issue by examining the effects of a direct superimposed muscle/tendon vibration at 50 Hz on isometric strength characteristics
• No improvement or change in isometric force or rate of force development
• No changes to peak normalized EMG_RMS values

Key words: Strength, oscillations, isometric, peak, muscle activation     

Autosomal dominant acute necrotizing encephalopathy maps to 2q12.1-2q13

In autosomal dominant acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ADANE), apparently healthy children develop necrotizing lesions in their thalami and brainstems in the course of febrile illnesses. We used DNA from affected subjects and obligate carriers to map ADANE to a 6.5Mb region on chromosome 2. Sequencing of four candidate genes in the interval (BCL2L11, ST6GalII, CHT1, and FLJ20019), involved in apoptosis, viral recognition, choline transport, and electron transport, showed no disease causing mutations.     

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for schizophrenia: a review

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has a proven role as an adjunct to antipsychotic medication and remediative approaches such as social skills training in the management of residual symptoms of chronic schizophrenia. Positive symptoms, depression, and overall symptoms appear to be viable treatment targets for CBT with a less pronounced effect on negative symptoms. The effect size at end of therapy is strong, with durability at short-term follow up. CBT can be used safely in patients with schizophrenia, and caregivers can help with homework exercises. There is also evidence that psychiatric nurses in the community can use CBT effectively with this patient group under supervision. CBT can be combined with family therapy and assertive community treatment programs targeted to reduce relapse. CBT improves the coping of patients with schizophrenia through improved adherence and symptom management. CBT techniques include development of trust, normalizing, coping strategy enhancement, reality testing, and work with dysfunctional affective and behavioral reactions to psychotic symptoms. An enhanced response to CBT would be expected when given with low dose cognitively enhancing atypical antipsychotic medication.