乳腺癌术后患者支持性照护需求的纵向研究

目的 了解乳腺癌患者手术后不同阶段支持性照护需求现状及影响因素,为制定不同阶段支持性照护干预方案提供依据。方法 采用癌症患者支持性需求简明问卷对初次确诊的126例乳腺癌患者分别在手术后第3天、第14天、1个月、3个月、6个月进行调查。结果 乳腺癌术后患者支持性照护需求在术后第14天得分最高,自术后1个月后逐渐下降。不同特征乳腺癌患者术后6个月支持性照护需求比较,差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。不同阶段乳腺癌手术后患者支持性照护需求的主要影响因素包括医疗服务满意度、包块部位、主要照顾人员、职业、对疾病了解程度、获取疾病知识的主要途径、业余爱好、肿瘤类型(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 初次诊断乳腺癌患者手术后各阶段均存在支持性照护需求,且各维度随着时间的推移呈动态变化,建议医务人员进一步加强对患者的健康信息及支持照护指导,并针对主要影响因素与照顾者共同制订有效的干预措施,满足患者不同阶段的支持性照护需求。     

施奈德结晶状角膜营养不良的分子基础与临床研究进展

施奈德结晶状角膜营养不良(SCCD)是一种稀有的常染色体显性遗传病,其发病部位在眼角膜,伴有结晶状沉淀,双眼发病,家族遗传性,男女患病几率均等。临床研究揭示角膜结晶状混浊化成因是胆固醇、磷脂等脂质在角膜上皮下和基质中异常积累。SCCD的发生与UBIAD1基因突变后脂质代谢异常有关,但是致病的分子机制未知。本文综述了SCCD的发现发展历史、发病分子基础与临床研究,为SCCD的诊疗以及致病分子机制的阐明提供参考。     

雷珠单抗辅助玻璃体切割和PRP联合小梁切除术治疗NVG的疗效

目的：观察雷珠单抗辅助玻璃体切割+全视网膜光凝(PRP)+小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼(NVG)的临床疗效。

方法：回顾性分析2017-03/2018-10收治的NVG患者44例44眼,采用玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗+玻璃体切割+PRP+小梁切除手术治疗的患者22例22眼(A组),采用玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗+小梁切除+PRP治疗的患者22例22眼(B组)。术后随访6mo,观察患者视力、眼压、眼压控制率、新生血管及并发症等情况。

结果：治疗前两组患者眼压无差异(46.2±9.41mmHg vs 49.1±10.15mmHg,P>0.05),治疗后1wk,1、6mo A组患者眼压均低于B组(P<0.05)。治疗后6mo,A组视力、眼压控制率(95%)、新生血管消退情况(91%)均优于B组(P<0.05),但随访期间两组患者并发症发生率无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：雷珠单抗辅助玻璃体切割+PRP+小梁切除术治疗NVG安全有效,可稳定持久地控制眼压,改善部分患者视力。     

Multi-label classification of retinal lesions in diabetic retinopathy for automatic analysis of fundus fluorescein angiography based on deep learning

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To automatically detect and classify the lesions of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) images using...     

肾缺血再灌注模型两性肾损伤差异的荟萃分析

目的 应用荟萃分析探求并评估啮齿类动物肾脏缺血再灌注模型中两性肾损伤差异.方法 检索PubMed与EMBASE数据库从2002年1月至2014年1月的相关文献,并阅读引入文献的参考文献以弥补缺漏.制定文献纳入及排除标准,并通过查阅文献制定效应指标的评价标准.采用Stata 12.0软件进行数据处理.结果 纳入14篇文献,共采用了289只动物.啮齿类动物在遭受肾脏缺血再灌注损伤后,雌性肾脏损伤程度在血肌酐[SMD=-5.95（-7.39,-4.51）,P＜0.01]、尿素氮[SMD=-3.76（-5.60,-1.93）,P＜0.01]均低于雄性.亚组分析显示,啮齿动物种类、肾脏缺血时间都会显著影响两性间肾脏损伤差异的大小;其中,缺血时间达45 min时,两性间差异达到最大.结论 啮齿动物在肾缺血再灌注后两性肾损伤程度存有差异,且缺血时间、动物种类会影响这种差异的程度.通过调整缺血时间可能会使两性损伤差异最大化.纳入的试验异质性较大且存在发表偏倚,尚需设计严谨实验.     

醋酸去氨加压素致低钠血症性脑病2例

例1为25岁女性宫外孕患者,于输卵管切开取胚术＋盆腔粘连分离术术后静脉滴注醋酸去氨加压素15μg,1次/12 h。第2天静脉滴注醋酸去氨加压素约30 min 时,患者出现谵妄、神志恍惚、抽搐、牙关紧闭,实验室检查血钠为125 mmol/ L（术前为142 mmol/ L）,考虑为醋酸去氨加压素所致低钠血症性脑病,立即停止输注醋酸去氨加压素并给予补钠等对症治疗,约10 min 后患者症状缓解。第2天患者神志清楚,血钠141 mmol/ L。例2为42岁女性患者,于肛周脓肿根治术后静脉滴注醋酸去氨加压素18μg,1次/12 h。用药第4天患者出现头晕、多汗、双手震颤,畏寒、尿少。第5天出现恶心,双眼上翻,双上肢强直阵挛,实验室检查血钠为124 mmol/ L（术前为141 mmol/ L）,头颅 CT 检查示大脑半球白质区广泛水肿,考虑为醋酸去氨加压素所致低钠血症性脑病。停用醋酸去氨加压素,立即给予补钠等对症治疗,1 d 后患者症状消失,血钠138 mmol/ L。     

中药辨证佐治早期先兆流产合并宫内积血疗效观察

目的：观察中西药结合治疗早期先兆流产合并宫内积血临床疗效。方法将80例患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各40例。观察组给予补肾、健脾开胃的中药。每天1剂,每剂500 mL,分2次服用。两组均采用地屈孕酮片,起始剂量1次口服4片地屈孕酮,每片10 mg。随后每隔8小时服用1片地屈孕酮,直到阴道流血症状停止。两组患者均接受维生素E每天2次,每次100 mg。叶酸每天2次,每次5 mg。比较两组临床疗效和不良反应。结果对照组痊愈9例,显效为10例,有效有10例,无效11例,总有效率为72．5％;观察组痊愈10例,显效10例,有效17例,无效3例,总有效率92．5％。观察组总有效率优于对照组（χ^2＝5．54,P＜0．05）。相比治疗前,两组宫内积血面积都减少（t＝4．32、6．21,均P＜0．05）;观察组宫内积血面积改善情况优于对照组（ t＝1．54,P＜0．05）。结论采用补肾、健脾开胃中药联合西药治疗早期先兆流产合并宫内积血可以提高总有效率,无不良反应。该方案值得临床进一步研究和使用。     

彩色多普勒超声检查在早期糖尿病肾病诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声检查诊断早期糖尿病肾病（ DN）的临床价值。方法选取Ⅰ、Ⅱ期DN患者69例（ A组）与Ⅲ期DN患者75例（ B组）,行彩色多普勒超声肾动脉血流显像检查,统计分析两组肾主动脉（MRA）、叶间动脉（IRA）、肾段动脉（SRA）的血流收缩期峰值速度（Vsmax）、阻力指数（RI）以及舒张期最低速度（Vdmin）等血流参数的差异。结果 A组MRA、IRA、SRA的Vsmax分别为（73．±14．5）cm/s、（34．6±6．1）cm/s、（55．5±7．3）cm/s,B组分别为（71．±14．9）cm/s、（30．8±6．7）cm/s、（53．1±8．1）cm/s,两组IRA的Vsmax差异有统计学意义（t＝3．562,P＜0．01）;A组MRA、IRA、SRA的Vdmin分别为（23．3±5.5）cm/s、（12．5±4．2）cm/s、（18．1±3．9）cm/s,与B组的（20．5±6．3）cm/s、（9．1±3．5）cm/s、（14．7±4．4） cm/s差异均有统计学意义（t＝2．846、5．252、4．915,均P＜0．01）;A组MRA、IRA、SRA的RI分别为（0．6±0.1）、（0．6±0．1）、（0．6±0．1）,与B组的（0．7±0．1）、（0．7±0．1）、（0．7±0．1）差异均有统计学意义（t＝8.717、8．717、8．717,均P＜0．01）;A组肾脏体积平均为（121．8±27．9）cm3,与B组的（105．8±28．9）cm3差异有统计学意义（t＝3．379,P＜0．01）。结论彩色多普勒超声能清晰地显示患者肾脏大小,检测出肾动脉血流参数,对早期DN的诊断具有一定价值。     

Diallyl disulfide inhibits proliferation,epithelial–mesenchymal transition,and invasion through RORα-mediated downregulation of Wnt1/β-catenin pathway in gastric cancer cells

Overactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway due to dysfunction of retinoid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) is related to cancer development and progression. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), an active component of garlic, has been reported in our previous study for upregulation of RORα expression in gastric cancer (GC) cells. It remains to be elucidated the role and mechanism of RORα in DADS against GC. This study revealed that DADS treatment resulted in reduced expression levels of Wnt1, β-catenin, TCF-4, intranuclear β-catenin and p-β-catenin in GC cells, concomitant with the compromised expression of β-catenin target genes (Axin, c-Jun, and c-Myc). RORα overexpression augmented DADS-induced downregulation of Wnt1/β-catenin pathway, G2/M phase arrest, and cell growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Contrarily, knockdown of RORα attenuated these effects of DADS. Interestingly, DADS induced an increase in the binding of RORα to β-catenin, which may lead to reduction of β-catenin phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. This interplay modulated by DADS may affect β-catenin target gene expression for that the opposite results were observed in DADS-treated RORα knockdown and overexpression cells. DADS caused a decrease in vimentin, snail and MMP-9, as well as an increase in E-cadherin and TIMP3 expression, which restricted epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion. The aforementioned effects of DADS were weakened simultaneously when the suppression of DADS on the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway was resisted by knockdown of RORα. In contrast, overexpression of RORα enhanced the effects of DADS. Therefore, RORα-mediated downregulation of Wnt1/β-catenin pathway could undertake an important role in anticancer activity of DADS against GC cell proliferation, EMT, migration, and invasion.     

The Stimulatory Effect of Essential Fatty Acids on Glucose Uptake Involves Both Akt and AMPK Activation in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells

Essential fatty acid (EFA) is known to be required for the body to function normally and healthily. However, the effect of EFA on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, we examined the effect of two EFAs, linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA), on glucose uptake of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and investigated the mechanism underlying the stimulatory effect of polyunsaturated EFAs in comparison with monounsaturated oleic acid (OA). In palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin resistant cells, the co-treatment of EFAs and OA with PA almost restored the PA-induced decrease in the basal and insulin-stimulated 2-NBDG (fluorescent D-glucose analogue) uptake, respectively. Two EFAs and OA significantly protected PA-induced suppression of insulin signaling, respectively, which was confirmed by the increased levels of Akt phosphorylation and serine/threonine kinases (PKCθ and JNK) dephosphorylation in the western blot analysis. In PA-untreated, control cells, the treatment of 500 µM EFA significantly stimulated 2-NBDG uptake, whereas OA did not. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and one of its downstream molecules, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) was markedly induced by EFA, but not OA. In addition, EFA-stimulated 2-NBDG uptake was significantly inhibited by the pre-treatment of a specific AMPK inhibitor, adenine 9-β-D-arabinofuranoside (araA). These data suggest that the restoration of suppressed insulin signaling at PA-induced insulin resistant condition and AMPK activation are involved at least in the stimulatory effect of EFA on glucose uptake in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells.