全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3173篇 |
免费 | 273篇 |
国内免费 | 49篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 26篇 |
儿科学 | 117篇 |
妇产科学 | 76篇 |
基础医学 | 379篇 |
口腔科学 | 130篇 |
临床医学 | 338篇 |
内科学 | 821篇 |
皮肤病学 | 64篇 |
神经病学 | 133篇 |
特种医学 | 410篇 |
外科学 | 357篇 |
综合类 | 108篇 |
预防医学 | 170篇 |
眼科学 | 40篇 |
药学 | 156篇 |
中国医学 | 4篇 |
肿瘤学 | 166篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 19篇 |
2022年 | 25篇 |
2021年 | 48篇 |
2020年 | 33篇 |
2019年 | 27篇 |
2018年 | 59篇 |
2017年 | 61篇 |
2016年 | 63篇 |
2015年 | 48篇 |
2014年 | 107篇 |
2013年 | 121篇 |
2012年 | 109篇 |
2011年 | 123篇 |
2010年 | 119篇 |
2009年 | 129篇 |
2008年 | 108篇 |
2007年 | 165篇 |
2006年 | 127篇 |
2005年 | 118篇 |
2004年 | 120篇 |
2003年 | 101篇 |
2002年 | 89篇 |
2001年 | 88篇 |
2000年 | 97篇 |
1999年 | 99篇 |
1998年 | 113篇 |
1997年 | 92篇 |
1996年 | 80篇 |
1995年 | 68篇 |
1994年 | 61篇 |
1993年 | 57篇 |
1992年 | 65篇 |
1991年 | 70篇 |
1990年 | 60篇 |
1989年 | 66篇 |
1988年 | 58篇 |
1987年 | 58篇 |
1986年 | 59篇 |
1985年 | 52篇 |
1984年 | 33篇 |
1983年 | 32篇 |
1982年 | 22篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 21篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 25篇 |
1975年 | 19篇 |
1974年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有3495条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Plasmid DNA encoding transforming growth factor-beta1 suppresses chronic disease in a streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis model. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6 下载免费PDF全文
X Y Song M Gu W W Jin D M Klinman S M Wahl 《The Journal of clinical investigation》1998,101(12):2615-2621
Transforming growth factor beta is a potent immunomodulator with both pro- and antiinflammatory activities. Based on its immunosuppressive actions, exogenous TGF-beta has been shown to inhibit autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. To further explore the potential therapeutic role of TGF-beta, we administered a plasmid DNA encoding human TGF-beta1 intramuscularly to rats with streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis. A single dose of 300 microg plasmid DNA encoding TGF-beta1, but not vector DNA, administered at the peak of the acute phase profoundly suppressed the subsequent evolution of chronic erosive disease typified by disabling joint swelling and deformity (articular index = 8.17+/-0. 17 vs. 1.25+/-0.76, n = 6, day 26, P < 0.01). Moreover, delivery of the TGF-beta1 DNA even as the chronic phase commenced virtually eliminated subsequent inflammation and arthritis. Both radiologic and histopathologic as well as molecular evidence supported the marked inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 DNA on synovial pathology, with decreases in the inflammatory cell infiltration, pannus formation, cartilage and bone destruction, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines that characterize this model. Increases in TGF-beta1 protein were detected in the circulation of TGF-beta1 DNA-treated animals, consistent with the observed therapeutic effects being TGF-beta1 dependent. These observations provide the first evidence that gene transfer of plasmid DNA encoding TGF-beta1 provides a mechanism to deliver this potent cytokine that effectively suppresses ongoing inflammatory pathology in arthritis. 相似文献
2.
By injecting small amounts of CO2 through a needle, one can move bowel or bladder from the intended path of instruments during interventional procedures. The technique worked well in six of seven cases in the pelvis and retroperitoneum; it was not effective in the mediastinum or midabdomen (n = 6). 相似文献
3.
Effects of pegfilgrastim on normal biodistribution of 18F-FDG: preclinical and clinical studies. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Heather A Jacene Takayoshi Ishimori James M Engles Sophie Leboulleux Vered Stearns Richard L Wahl 《Journal of nuclear medicine》2006,47(6):950-956
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of pegfilgrastim, a long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, on the normal biodistribution of (18)F-FDG in an animal model and in humans. METHODS: Two groups of 12 rats received a single subcutaneous injection of either normal saline or pegfilgrastim. One, 7, 14, and 21 d after injection, biodistribution studies were performed 1 h after (18)F-FDG injection. Sixteen breast cancer patients underwent baseline (18)F-FDG PET/CT and, approximately 1 wk after receiving 1 dose of docetaxel and adjunctive pegfilgrastim, follow-up (18)F-FDG PET/CT (scan 2). Standardized uptake values corrected for lean body mass (SUL) were determined for several normal organs before and after therapy. RESULTS: In rats, bone marrow (18)F-FDG uptake (standardized uptake value) was higher in the pegfilgrastim group 1 d after injection (mean +/- SD, 8.3 +/- 4.1 vs. 2.5 +/- 0.2, P < 0.05), whereas (18)F-FDG uptake in blood was lower (0.41 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.49 +/- 0.01, P < 0.05). In patients, mean SUL was higher in bone marrow (4.49 +/- 1.50 vs. 1.33 +/- 0.22, P < 0.0001), spleen (3.29 +/- 0.83 vs. 1.23 +/- 0.23, P < 0.0001), and liver (1.45 +/- 0.25 vs. 1.31 +/- 0.23, P = 0.01) but lower in brain (4.18 +/- 0.76 vs. 5.14 +/- 1.44, P < 0.01) on scan 2 than on the baseline scan. CONCLUSION: In both the animal model and humans, pegfilgrastim markedly increased bone marrow uptake of (18)F-FDG and reduced (18)F-FDG uptake in some normal tissues. These profound alterations in (18)F-FDG biodistribution induced by pegfilgrastim must be considered when one is evaluating quantitative (18)F-FDG PET scans for tumor response to therapy. 相似文献
4.
Comparison of antigen expression on normal urothelial cells in tissue section and tissue culture 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M Liebert G Wedemeyer J H Chang J A Stein P E McKeever T E Carey A Flint Z Steplewski D J Buchsbaum R L Wahl 《The Journal of urology》1990,144(5):1288-1292
Antigenic characterization of urothelial cells cultured from normal adult ureter was performed. These cells were cultured using a simplified isolation and culture technique and a commercially available serum-free medium. The cells growing in these cultures had epithelioid morphology and normal quantities of DNA. The antigen expression on these cultured normal urothelial cells was evaluated using a panel of monoclonal antibodies: 5G6.4, AN43, URO-5, anti-keratin and anti-blood group antibodies, and 425 (anti-epidermal growth factor receptor). Lower levels of anti-A and AN43 binding on cultured cells were observed than are seen on urothelial cells in sections of normal ureter, while the binding of anti-blood group H, 5G6.4, and URO-5 was unchanged. Binding of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody 425 was improved if the cells were grown in medium lacking epidermal growth factor. These results confirm the urothelial origin of these cultured urothelial cells but indicate that some antigenic differences between cultured normal urothelial cells and urothelial cells in situ in the normal ureter exist. 相似文献
5.
Comparison of three immunoassays for diagnosing sensitization to latex in children with spina bifida
B. Niggemann T. Michael A. von Moers U. Seidel R. Wahl L Jacobsen D. Scheffer U. Wahn 《Pediatric allergy and immunology》1996,7(4):164-166
As natural rubber latex (latex) has become more widespread in our environment, physicians have become increasingly aware of the problem of possible allergic reactions. Many fatal and near-fatal incidents have been reported (mainly during surgery) (1—3) and data has been published on groups frequently exposed to latex, such as patients with spina bifida (4—9), healthcare professionals (10—12) and occupationally exposed persons (13). The incidence of latex allergy in children seems to be increasing (14). Tests are therefore needed which can reliably detect sensitization to latex. Our aim was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of three commercial immunoassays for measuring specific IgE in serum to latex. 相似文献
6.
Modulation of spinal systems activated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and substance P administered IT have been an area of interest in several laboratories. In the present investigations, behavior induced by the excitatory amino acid kainic acid, but not quisqualate, is demonstrated to be modulated in a manner similar to that previously observed for NMDA. Biting, scratching and licking behavior was induced by IT injections of excitatory amino acids or substance P in mice. Behavior induced by kainic acid (IT) injection was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by coadministration of morphine (ICV), norepinephrine (IT), N-ethyl carboxamidoadenosine (NECA) (IT) and agonists interacting at PCP receptors (IT). Kainic acid and NMDA differed, however, in that a dopaminergic agonist, apomorphine, inhibited kainic acid-, but not NMDA-induced behavior and a selective NMDA receptor antagonist inhibits NMDA-, but not kainic acid-induced behavior. Behavior induced by quisqualate (IT) was not inhibited by any treatment and may have nonspecific actions in this type of assay. Our observations support independent spinal sites of action for behavior induced by kainic acid and NMDA, but several similarities were observed in the modulation of spinal systems activated by these agents. 相似文献
7.
外科医生和手术室人员经常接触手术设备产生的烟气,病人也会暴露于烟气中,特别是腹腔镜手术中产生的烟气滞留于腹腔内这一密闭空间并被吸收.这些烟气是一种与香烟烟气相似的毒性物质,然而对这种毒性物质的影响还未引起足够重视.应该采取必要措施尽可能减少手术中烟气的不良影响. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献