Comparisons of Pooled Polyclonal Rabbit Anti-Human C3d with Four Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human C3ds

Performance characteristics of pooled rabbit IgG polyclonal anti-C3d are compared with one mouse IgM and three mouse IgG monoclonal anti-C3d antibodies (MAs). IgG MA,s employed singly or in combination, failed to precipitate C3d; by contrast, IgM MA and polyclonal anti-C3d precipitated C3d. Measurements of polyclonal anti-C3d concentration by chemical means and by 125I-C3d radioimmunoassay (RIA) agreed closely. RIA values were 50% of chemical measurement values for three of the four MAs. Use of sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation to assess MA C3d/anti-C3d molar combining ratios for soluble anti-C3d/C3d was not possible because fast-sedimenting multimeric C3d/anti-C3d complexes did not form. Dissociation and competitive binding studies indicate that (1) two MAs had substantially lower affinities than the other anti-C3d antibodies, and (2) polyclonal anti-C3d recognizes more C3d epitopes than are recognized by individual MAs. The results demonstrate antigenic complexity of C3d fragment and illustrate the difficulties of predicting individual MA performance based on prior experience with polyclonal antibodies.     

强直性脊柱炎患者外周血CD62P的表达

目的探讨剖宫产指征的变化情况，分析影响剖宫产率的因素。方法 回顾性分析1393例剖宫产患者的临床资料。结果2年的平均剖宫产率为66．7％，其中2004年的剖宫产率为59．9％，2005年的剖富产率为72．2％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。剖宫产率的主要影响因素依次为社会因素（29．43％）、胎儿宫内窘迫（25．13％）、胎位异常（9．62％）、巨大胎儿（7．25％）、中至重度妊娠高血压综合征（6．25％）。结论剖宫产率的上升不只是一个纯医学问题，社会因素使剖宫产指征相对扩大，只有合理掌握剖宫产指征，通过医患双方、社会的共同努力，才能更好地降低剖宫产率。     

Aktualisierte Kurzfassung der Leitlinien zur Pr?vention, Diagnostik und Therapie der nosokomial erworbenen Pneumonie

Hintergrund:  

Die nosokomiale Pneumonie gehört zu den häufigsten nosokomialen Infektionen und ist die häufigste auf der Intensivstation. Die nosokomiale Pneumonie ist mit einer signifikanten Mortalität und Morbidität assoziiert, und ihr Auftreten verschlechtert die Prognose des Patienten deutlich. Nach der Definition der DRGs auch im deutschen Krankenhaussystem ist die nosokomiale Pneumonie überwiegend Sache des Krankenhauses und kann somit nicht nur das Ergebnis der Patientenbehandlung, sondern auch das finanzielle Ergebnis des Krankenhauses beeinträchtigen.     

Transplantation of microencapsulated bovine chromaffin cells reduces lesion-induced rotational asymmetry in rats

Surrounding bovine chromaffin cells by a semipermeable membrane may protect the transplanted cells from a host immune response and shield them from the inflammatory process resulting from the surgical trauma. Encapsulation of the chromaffin cells was achieved by inter-facial adsorption of a polycation on a polyanionic colloid matrix in which the chromaffin cells were entrapped. Basal and potassium-evoked release of catecholamines from encapsulated bovine chromaffin cells was analyzed over a 4-week period in vitro. Norepinephrine and dopamine release remained constant over time whereas epinephrine release significantly decreased. The chromaffin cells also retained the capacity for depolarization-elicited catecholamine release 4 weeks following the encapsulation procedure. Morphological analysis revealed the presence of intact chromaffin cells with well-preserved secretory granules. Striatial implantation of chromaffin cell-loaded capsules significantly reduced apomorphine-induced rotation compared to empty polymer capsules in animals lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamne frr at least 4 weeks. Intact chromaffin cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase were observed in all capsules implanted in the striatum for 4 weeks. The assessment of the clinical potential of transplanting encapsulated adrenal chromaffin cells of either allo- or xenogeneic origin for Parkinson's disease will require long-term behavioral studies. The present study suggests, however, that the polymer encapsulation procedure may offer an alternative to adrenal autografts as a source of dopaminergic tissue.     

Dissection of the extracranial vertebral artery: report of four cases and review of the literature.

Four cases of cervical vertebral artery (VA) dissection are reported. In three patients VA dissection was associated with neck trauma. All patients were young or middle-aged (range 27 to 49 years). In two there was a history of migraine. Pain preceded neurological symptoms from hours to six weeks. Three patients had neurological deficits including elements of the lateral medullary syndrome, and one experienced recurrent transient ischaemic attacks in the vertebrobasilar territory. Angiographic findings included irregular stenosis, occlusion and pseudoaneurysm; in two patients VA abnormalities were bilateral. All patients were treated with anticoagulants and improved. In a review of 28 cases with traumatic dissection and 29 cases with spontaneous dissection of the VA reported in the literature, distinct clinical and angiographic features emerge. Aetiology remains obscure in most cases of spontaneous dissection and management is still controversial.