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981.
W A Turski M Dziki E Urbanska L S Calderazzo-Filho E A Cavalheiro 《Synapse (New York, N.Y.)》1991,7(3):173-180
Systemic (s.c.) administration of aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) in mice triggered clonic convulsions with a CD50 (convulsive dose) of 68 mg/kg (range 54-86). AOAA also induced clonic convulsions in mice subjected to intracerebroventricular administration of the drug with a CD50 of 0.04 mumols (range 0.028-0.06). At the onset of convulsions induced by systemic AOAA (CD97;150 mg/kg), the GAD activity in the frontal cortex and hippocampus was not affected. GABA mimetic drugs, progabide and gabaculine, had no effect on convulsions induced by AOAA. Convulsions induced by systemic administration of AOAA were blocked by diazepam, phenobarbital, and valproate. Ethosuximide, trimethadione, acetazolamide, diphenylhydantoin, and carbamazepine remained ineffective. L-Phenylisopropyladenosine was also found to protect mice against AOAA-induced convulsions, whereas atropine and baclofen had no effect. The seizures induced by intracerebroventricular administration of AOAA (CD97; 0.1 mumols) were blocked by coadministration of preferential N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists, D-(-)-2-aminophosphonoheptanoic (AP7), 3-[+/-)-2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic (CPP), and kynurenic acid (KYNA); preferential quisqualate/kainate antagonists, 6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione and gamma-D-glutamylaminomethylsulphonic acid, remained inactive in the range of dosages sufficient to block seizures induced by quisqualic acid or kainic acid. The antagonistic action of antiepileptic drugs effective against seizures induced by excitatory amino acids (diazepam and valproate), and drugs acting on excitatory amino acid receptors (AP7, CPP, and KYNA) upon seizures induced by AOAA suggests an involvement of excitatory neurotransmission in the convulsant action of the drug. 相似文献
982.
Lymphoscintigraphy in lymphedema: an aid to microsurgery 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
M Vaqueiro P Gloviczki J Fisher L H Hollier A Schirger H W Wahner 《Journal of nuclear medicine》1986,27(7):1125-1130
The role of lymphoscintigraphy, performed with 99mTc-labeled antimony sulfur colloid, in the diagnosis of lymphedema and as a test for selection of patients for microvascular operation was evaluated in 32 patients with primary and secondary lymphedema and four patients with other causes of leg edema. Lymphoscintigraphy clearly demonstrated if edema was of lymphatic origin. Five different image patterns were identified; abnormal image patterns could not be predicted from clinical history or physical findings. Quantitative evaluation of removal of the radioactive colloid from the injection site and appearance in lymph node sites and liver was of limited usefulness. Nine patients underwent various surgical procedures before or after lymphoscintigraphy. Lympho-venous anastomoses were possible only in patients who had patent lymph channels visible on lymphoscintigrams. Based on initial experience, lymphoscintigraphy seems to be useful to select patients for microvascular operation. 相似文献
983.
Allografts of CNS tissue possess a blood-brain barrier. II. Angiogenesis in solid tissue and cell suspension grafts 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
R D Broadwell H M Charlton P S Ebert W F Hickey Y Shirazi J Villegas A L Wolf 《Experimental neurology》1991,112(1):1-28
Angiogenesis and patency of blood vessels were analyzed qualitatively in solid CNS and peripheral tissue syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic grafts and in individual cell suspension grafts of astrocytes, fibroblasts, PC12, and three additional tumor cell lines placed intracerebrally in adult host mice. Postgrafting survival times were 1 day through 4 weeks. The patency of graft vessels was determined in sections from immersion-fixed tissues incubated to reveal the endogenous peroxidase activity of host red cells trapped within the lumen of blood vessels. Additionally, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was administered intravenously to live hosts; HRP labels host brain and graft vessels on the luminal surface and reveals the presence or absence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB) within the grafts. The origins of blood vessels supplying solid tissue xenografts were identified immunohistochemically with primary antibodies against host (athymic AKR mice) and donor (fetal Lewis rats) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. Blood vessels supplying solid CNS grafts at 1-7 days post-transplantation were identified ultrastructurally and possessed interendothelial tight junctional complexes; however, they were not perfused with either host blood or blood-borne HRP prior to 8 days. Graft vessels at 10 days were outlined consistently by peroxidase-positive red cells in immersion-fixed material and labeled with blood-borne HRP. These vessels provided a BBB to the circulating HRP and exhibited interendothelial tight junctions. Evidence of angiogenesis within solid anterior pituitary grafts and the variety of cell suspension grafts was obtained prior to 3 days post-transplantation in immersion-fixed preparations; the vessels, with the notable exception of those supplying astrocyte cell suspensions, failed to present a BBB to blood-borne peroxidase. Endothelia in the solid pituitary allografts and the PC12 cell grafts were highly fenestrated and exhibited open interendothelial junctions; those in the tumor and fibroblast cell grafts, for the most part, appeared nonfenestrated, and many possessed open interendothelial junctional complexes. Immunostaining for host and donor MHC class I revealed that donor blood vessels predominate over host vessels in CNS xenografts and supply pituitary xenografts exclusively; in both preparations, donor vessels were not identified within the host CNS. Because cell suspension grafts were derived from endothelia-free preparations grown in culture, blood vessels supplying these grafts were necessarily of host CNS origin and manifested a morphological transformation from a BBB to a non-BBB endothelium. The data suggest that angiogenesis in solid CNS grafts placed into the adult host CNS, compared to similarly placed solid peripheral tissue/cell suspension grafts, is not rapid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
984.
Despite the use of gold complexes in modern medicine for over 100 years and the use of gold complexes in the management of
rheumatoid disease for more than 60 years, the definitive mechanisms of action for efficacy and for toxicity have not been
established.
Gold is a group 1b metal in the periodic table with several oxidation states but it is only Au(I) which is active in the biological
milieu. Gold sodium thiomalate is not only a polymeric structure, but also has the chiral ligand, thiomalic acid. Gold sodium
thiomalate thus can exist in several different physical states which may have different biological activity. In addition the
pharmacokinetic profile of gold complexes has been of little value in the understanding of either the mechanism of action,
efficacy or toxicity for both the injectable and the oral gold complexes. Many authors have misinterpreted research data on
the activities of gold complexes because they compared gold complexes of different structures, and gold complexes which exist
at different pH.
Experimental work in our laboratory has identified that gold sodium thiomalate is a mixture and can exist as either a yellow
or a colourless solution. These have some similar but several different biological activities.
Many factors contribute to the lack of understanding of the action of gold complexes. Some of these factors are related to
the wide variation in physical structure and biological activities exhibited by these compounds. 相似文献
985.
986.
PHILLIPS ROSALIND; CARSON PETER; HAITES NEVA; JOHNSTON ALAN; CLARKE CYRIL; WHITEFIELD A. G. W. 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1987,63(2):441-448
A Comparison of mortality from ischaemic heart disease underthe age of 60 for 1980 to 1981 between the Grampian Health Boardand the North Staffordshire Health Authority has been made.A total of 993 deaths was notified by death certificate fromthe two areas of similar population of which 434 were from Grampianand 559 from North Staffordshire. After examination of generalpractitioner and hospital case notes, autopsy reports and deathcertificates, nearly all (532) of the North Staffordshire deathswere accepted as being due to ischaemic heart disease but onlythree-fifths (263) of the Grampian deaths could be begin besubstantiated as there was inadequate information for the remainder.Deaths from ischaemic heart disease seem apparently to be twofoldgreater in North Staffordshire than Grampian but much of thisdiscrepancy could be attributed to a widely different autopsyrate and to unavailability of case notes. Experience of thissurvey suggests that the results of other epidemiological investigationsmay be equally or even more unreliable. 相似文献
987.
988.
989.
Wing‐Hong Li Moon‐Tong Cheung Candace N.S. Ho Ting‐Pong Fung Kai‐Ming Ko Kelvin K.W. Yau 《Surgical Practice》2007,11(4):138-143
Aim: To examine the survival benefit of liver and lung resection for colorectal metastasis and the potential prognostic factors that affect patient survival. Methods: All patients who had resection of lung or liver metastasis for colorectal metastasis in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong from 1995 to 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. The overall and disease‐free survival was analysed, in particularly between liver and lung metastasis. All factors that may have affected the survival were entered into Cox's proportional hazards regression model to identify significant variables associated with survival. Results: At 5 years, the overall survival of patients who had resection of lung and liver metastasis was 44% and 38%, respectively; the disease‐free survival was 26% and 24%, respectively. Overall and disease‐free survival of patients with resection of lung metastasis was comparable to those with resection of liver metastasis. The differentiations of primary tumour and time to metastasis were shown to be significant prognostic factors influencing overall survival. Those patients with systemic chemotherapy after resection of colorectal metastasis demonstrated a significantly higher probability of overall survival. Conclusion: Resection of lung and liver metastases from colorectal origin was safe and both procedures improved survival. The use of chemotherapy after resection of metastasis significantly improved the overall survival. 相似文献
990.
Donald B. Penzien PhD ; Frank Andrasik PhD ; Brian M. Freidenberg PhD ; Timothy T. Houle PhD ; Alvin E. Lake III PhD; Gay L. Lipchik PhD ; Kenneth A. Holroyd PhD ; Richard B. Lipton MD ; Douglas C. McCrory MD ; Justin M. Nash PhD ; Robert A. Nicholson PhD ; Scott W. Powers PhD ABPP ; Jeanetta C. Rains PhD ; David A. Wittrock PhD 《Headache》2005,45(S2):S110-S132
Guidelines for design of clinical trials evaluating behavioral headache treatments were developed to facilitate production of quality research evaluating behavioral therapies for management of primary headache disorders. These guidelines were produced by a Workgroup of headache researchers under auspices of the American Headache Society. The guidelines are complementary to and modeled after guidelines for pharmacological trials published by the International Headache Society, but they address methodologic considerations unique to behavioral and other nonpharmacological treatments. Explicit guidelines for evaluating behavioral headache therapies are needed as the optimal methodology for behavioral (and other nonpharmacologic) trials necessarily differs from the preferred methodology for drug trials. In addition, trials comparing and integrating drug and behavioral therapies present methodological challenges not addressed by guidelines for pharmacologic research. These guidelines address patient selection, trial design for behavioral treatments and for comparisons across multiple treatment modalities (eg, behavioral vs pharmacologic), evaluation of results, and research ethics. Although developed specifically for behavioral therapies, the guidelines may apply to the design of clinical trials evaluating many forms of nonpharmacologic therapies for headache. 相似文献