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81.
Summary. Two vaccinia virus (VV) strains, WR and Praha, were selected for a study undertaken to determine whether the virus-encoded
interferon-γ receptor (IFN-γR) plays any role in virus virulence. Both of the viruses expressed the B8R gene coding for IFN-γR
in infected cell cultures. The nucleotide sequence of the Praha virus B8R gene was determined, and, when compared with the
published sequence of the WR virus, it only displayed one silent nucleotide substitution. Mutants of the WR and Praha viruses
with deleted B8R gene were constructed. In rabbits, skin lesions produced by the WR B8R-deleted mutants were smaller and tended
to disappear earlier than those caused by wild-type WR virus. Similar results were obtained with both independently prepared
WR B8R-deleted mutants. These data strongly suggested that the product of B8R gene did play a role in virus virulence. A similar
comparison of the wild-type Praha virus and its mutant could not be done because of the very low virulence of the parental
virus for rabbits.
Received March 13, 2000 Accepted August 16, 2000 相似文献
82.
Pericić D Bujas M Mirković K Jazvinsćak M 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1999,129(3):451-456
The effects of adrenalectomy, gonadectomy and combined adrenalectomy plus gonadectomy on the previously described sex-dependent
anticonvulsive effect of swim stress were studied in rats. The convulsive signs (myoclonic twitch, generalized convulsions,
tonic hindlimb extension) were produced by constant i.v. infusion of γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) antagonist bicuculline, which started 15 min after termination of swim stress (10-min swim at 18–19°C). Adrenalectomy decreased
the threshold doses of bicuculline producing the first myoclonic twitch and the onset of generalized convulsions only in females.
In adrenalectomized females, but not in males, swim stress enhanced the threshold dose of bicuculline producing generalized
convulsions, but, unlike in adrenal-intact animals, it failed to enhance the dose of bicuculline producing tonic hindlimb
extension. In gonadectomized stressed and unstressed animals all sex differences disappeared, and swim stress enhanced in
both sexes only the threshold doses of bicuculline producing tonic hindlimb extension. Adrenalectomized plus gonadectomized
animals displayed clear sex differences in doses of bicuculline necessary to produce all the convulsive signs. In the same
animals swim stress postponed, especially in females, the onset of the first myoclonic twitch and generalized convulsions,
but not the onset of tonic hindlimb extension. In summary, our results suggest that hormones of the adrenal and gonadal glands
are only partly responsible for decreased susceptibility, especially of female rats, to the GABAA antagonist bicuculline. Moreover, they have demonstrated that stress produces a gender-specific anticonvulsive effect even
in the animals completely deprived of steroid hormones of peripheral origin.
Received: 4 June 1998 / Accepted: 11 June 1999 相似文献
83.
84.
S. Momčilović C. Cantacessi V. Arsić-Arsenijević D. Otranto S. Tasić-Otašević 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2019,25(3):290-309
Background
Parasitic diseases are one of the world's most devastating and prevalent infections, causing millions of morbidities and mortalities annually. In the past, many of these infections have been linked predominantly to tropical or subtropical areas. Nowadays, however, climatic and vector ecology changes, a significant increase in international travel, armed conflicts, and migration of humans and animals have influenced the transmission of some parasitic diseases from ‘book pages’ to reality in developed countries. It has also been noted that many patients who have never travelled to endemic areas suffer from blood-borne infections caused by protozoa. In the light of existing knowledge, this new trend can be explained by the fact that in the process of migration a large number of asymptomatic carriers become a part of the blood bank donor and transplant donor populations. Accurate and rapid diagnosis represents the crucial weapon in the fight against parasitic infections.Aims
To review old and new approaches for rapid diagnosis of parasitic infections.Sources
Data for this review were obtained through searches of PubMed using combinations of the following terms: parasitological diagnostics, microscopy, lateral flow assays, immunochromatographic assays, multiplex-PCR, and transplantation.Content
In this review, we provide a brief account of the advantages and limitations of rapid methods for diagnosis of parasitic diseases and focus our attention on current and future research in this area. The approximate costs associated with the use of different techniques and their applicability in endemic and non-endemic areas are also discussed.Implications
Microscopy remains the cornerstone of parasitological diagnostics, especially in the field and low-resource settings, and provides epidemiological assessment of parasite burden. However, increased use and availability of point-of-care tests and molecular assays in modern era allow more rapid and accurate diagnoses and increased sensitivity in the identification of parasitic infections. 相似文献85.
86.
87.
Stevanović R Tiljak H Stanić A Varga S Not T Jovanović A 《Acta medica Croatica : c?asopis Hravatske akademije medicinskih znanosti》2005,59(3):267-271
A consensus reached by the medical profession, Croatian Institute of Health Insurance, Croatian Institute of Public Health, and Ministry of Health constitutes a solution to the problem of a data standard required in building an information system for primary health care. This consists of accepting ICPC-2 as a data standard for our Family Medicine, Pediatrics and Women's Health. The classification structure of the International Classification of Primary Care allows, recommends and urges that special codes be established by individual states or local authorities when registering patients' reasons for seeking medical aid or medical procedures. Namely, it urges the authorities to set the codes for such reasons about which a state or local agreement or determination has been made. This is the first public presentation of the proposal Croatia's Additions to the International Classification of Primary Care. They are essential to its implementation in our health insurance, health statistics and medical informatics. 相似文献
88.
Erceg M Stevanović R Babić-Erceg A 《Acta medica Croatica : c?asopis Hravatske akademije medicinskih znanosti》2005,59(3):245-249
Information production and its communication being a key public health activity, developing modern information systems is a precondition for its fulfilling these assignments. A national public health information system (NPHIS) is a set of human resources combined with computing and communication technologies. It enables data linkage and data coverage as well as undertaking information production and dissemination in an effective, standardized and safe way. The Croatian Institute of Public Health LAN/WAN modules are under development. Health Safety System, Health Workers Registry, and Digital Library are among the Institute's developmental priorities. Communication between NPHIS participants would unfold over the Internet by using every relevant data protection method. Web technology-based applications would be run on special servers. Between individual applications, use would be made of the transaction module of communication through an exchange of the HL7 standard-based xml messages. In the conditions of transition, the health system must make an optimal use of the resources, which is not feasible without applying modern information and communication technologies. 相似文献
89.
Zupanić-Krmek D Nemet D 《Acta medica Croatica : c?asopis Hravatske akademije medicinskih znanosti》2004,58(4):251-261
Opportunistic fungal infections are becoming more frequent complications during cancer therapy, after organ transplantation and in AIDS infections, especially after better control of bacterial infections in immunocompromised patients. Periods of prolonged neutropenia with neutrophil count less than 0.5 x 10(9)/L longer than 7 days, are the most important risk factors for the development of systemic fungal infections. Especially susceptible are the patients during treatment of acute leukemia, or after bone marrow transplantation. The most frequent causing agents of systemic fungal infections are Candida and Aspergillus species, than Cryptococcus neoformans and Mucor. Some other unusual species such Fusarium, Trichosporon, non-albicans Candida species of Candida are becoming more frequent, and is frequently resistant to conventional therapy. The difficulties in early and precise diagnosis of fungal infections, and the lack of adequate and efficient drugs are responsible for the high mortality of immunocompromised patients, even in potentially curable diseases. The recognition of risk factors, introduction of prophylactic measures, application of empirical antifungal therapy, are the procedures for the reduction of morbidity and mortality of invasive fungal infections. Fluconazole administration in prevention of systemic fungal infections, has become the standard approach, especially after bone marrow transplantation, while the oral itraconazole solution, has even more extended activity. Fluconazole appears successful also in the treatment of systemic Candidiasis. Conventional amphotericin-B is still the "gold standard" in the treatment of fungal infections. The new lipid formulations of amphotericin-B, intravenous itraconazole, has an identical efficacy, but are less toxic than conventional amphotericin-B. Several new promising agents are in the stage of clinical investigation like voriconazole, caspofungin, mycafungin and some other. 相似文献
90.