Incidental discovery of a screw in a deciduous molar

Foreign objects are often discovered in the deciduous dentition during radiological examination. We discuss the case of an 8-year-old boy who had accidentally embedded a screw in his mandibular right second deciduous molar and had forgotten about it until it became infected. The screw was impacted in the exposed pulp chamber due to a large carious lesion in the affected molar. This report also considers the possible medical and dental consequences of placing foreign bodies in the mouth.     

Comparison of Risperidone and Olanzapine in Bipolar and Schizoaffective Disorders

OBJECTIVE: To compare risperidone and olanzapine for efficacy, tolerability, need for concomitant mood stabilizers, and cost of treatment in bipolar and schizoaffective disorders. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 36 consecutive outpatients with DSM-IV bipolar or schizoaffective disorder seen in 3 settings who received risperidone or olanzapine for at least 1 month between May and August 1997. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD doses were 3.7 +/- 3.5 mg/day of risperidone and 12.0 +/- 5.4 mg/day of olanzapine. Between-treatment differences in patient characteristics, psychiatric history, Clinical Global Impressions scale ratings, and duration of treatment were not significant. Similar proportions of patients in the 2 groups reported side effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, and precipitation of mania by the respective drug. Patients in the olanzapine group received a significantly higher dose of concomitant lithium than those receiving risperidone (mean daily lithium doses: risperidone group, 750 +/- 150 mg; olanzapine group, 1211 +/- 186 mg; p =.006). The total daily acquisition cost per patient was $11.84 for olanzapine versus $5.81 for risperidone. CONCLUSION: Olanzapine and risperidone were equally efficacious and safe in the treatment of patients with bipolar or schizoaffective disorder, but treatment costs and dose of concomitant lithium were lower in risperidone-treated patients.     

Phenolic acids inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products in food simulation systems depending on their reducing powers and structures

The concentration of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in foods, which are formed by Maillard reaction, has demonstrated as risk factors associated with many chronic diseases. The AGEs inhibitory activities of five common phenolic acids (protocatechuic acid, dihydroferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and salicylic acid) with different chemical properties had been investigated in two food simulation systems (glucose-bovine serum albumin (BSA) and oleic acid-BSA). The results substantiated that the AGEs inhibitory abilities of phenolic acids in the oleic acid BSA system were much better than the glucose-BSA system for their strong reducing powers and structures. Among them, dihydrogenferulic acid showed strong inhibition of AGEs formation in oleic acid-BSA system at 0.01?mg/mL compared to nonsignificant AGEs inhibitory effect in oleic acid-BSA system at 10-fold higher concentration (0.1?mg/mL). This study suggests that edible plants rich in phenolic acids may be used as AGEs inhibitor during high-fat cooking.     

Effect of vitamin B-6 supplementation on fuels, catecholamines, and amino acids during exercise in men

PURPOSE: In two separate but identical studies, the effect of vitamin B-6 supplementation was examined on plasma energy substrates, catecholamines, and 13 amino acid concentrations during exercise. METHODS: Eleven trained men performed two separate exhaustive exercise tests at 71.0+/-4.6% VO2max during two separate 9-d controlled diet periods. Exercise test 1 (T1C) occurred following a control diet, and test 2 (T2B6) occurred following a vitamin B-6 supplemented diet (20 mg PN.d(-1)). Blood was drawn pre, during (60 min), post, and post-60 min of exercise, and plasma was analyzed for glucose, lactate, glycerol, free fatty acids (FFA), catecholamines (N = 5), and amino acids (N = 5). RESULTS: Mean FFA concentrations changed over time in both tests (P < 0.001) and were lower in T2B6 compared to T1C at pre (P = 0.03), during (P = 0.05), and post-60 min (P = 0.04) of exercise. Mean lactate, glycerol, and catecholamine concentrations only changed over time (P < 0.0001). The only significant changes in amino acid concentrations were for lower tyrosine (P = 0.007) and methionine (P = 0.03) concentrations in T2B6 relative to TIC at post-60 min of exercise and postexercise, respectively. No differences were observed in exercise times to exhaustion between TIC (108+32.6 min) and T2B6 (109+51.2 min). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that vitamin B-6 supplementation can alter plasma FFA and amino acid concentrations during exhaustive endurance exercise without affecting endurance.