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Pathophysiology of HPA axis abnormalities in patients with major depression: an update 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Four hypotheses have been proposed to explain why nonsuppression on the dexamethasone suppression test occurs in patients with major depression. These include 1) increased metabolism of dexamethasone, 2) decreased sensitivity of pituitary glucocorticoid receptors to dexamethasone, 3) hyperresponsivity of the adrenal gland to ACTH stimulation, and 4) increased central drive of the pituitary from hypothalamic/limbic structures that overrides the action of the dexamethasone. A critical review of the literature suggests that the last hypothesis is most closely supported by the data. Despite this conclusion, factors other than depression may be involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction. 相似文献
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Haemophilia A: molecular insights. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Giuseppe Castaldo Valeria D'Argenio Paola Nardiello Federica Zarrilli Veronica Sanna Angiola Rocino Antonio Coppola Giovanni Di Minno Francesco Salvatore 《Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine》2007,45(4):450-461
Haemophilia A is the most common inherited bleeding disorder caused by defects in the F8C gene that encodes coagulation factor VIII. This X-linked recessive disorder occurs in approximately 1:5000 males. Haemophilia A is diagnosed based on normal prothrombin time, altered activated partial thromboplastin time and reduced factor VIII activity in plasma. Carrier females are usually asymptomatic and can be identified only by molecular analysis. The most frequent mutations in F8C are intron 22 and 1 inversions, which occur in approximately 50% and 5% of patients, respectively, with a severe phenotype. Large gene deletions are observed in approximately 5% of alleles from patients with severe haemophilia A. The remaining severe cases and all moderate and mild cases result from numerous point mutations and small insertions/deletions, which are de novo mutations in one-third of cases. Thus, molecular diagnosis of carrier status and prenatal diagnosis in families without intron 22 or 1 inversions is based on scanning techniques or gene sequencing. When the disease-causing mutation cannot be identified, molecular diagnosis is performed by linkage analysis of several DNA polymorphic markers linked to F8C. Given the clinical heterogeneity among haemophilic patients, many groups, including our own, have examined the relationships between prothrombotic gene variants and haemophilic phenotype to investigate whether prothrombotic gene variants modify clinical expression of the disease. 相似文献
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J B Stewart S B Hardin S Weinrich S McGeorge J Lopez D Pesut 《Issues in mental health nursing》1992,13(2):105-119
Literature reports that cognitive understanding and social support can mitigate stress in both adults and adolescents. As a subcomponent of the Carolina Adolescent Health Project (CAHP), this research evaluated the efficacy of a Cognitive Social Support (CSS) group protocol designed to mitigate the disaster stress of adolescents who had been exposed seriously to Hurricane Hugo. A purposive sample of 259 students participated in and evaluated the CSS. This article reports the specific structure, content, process, rationale, and cost of the CSS. Evaluations indicated that 82% of the students evaluated the small-group component of the CSS as "very good" or "excellent," while 70% rated the large-group component as "very good" or "excellent." 相似文献
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It has been previously shown that the eel corpuscles of Stannius (CS) synthesize and secrete a substance (PCS) which is functionally and immunologically related to the mammalian parathyrin family. Purification of PCS, including anion-exchange chromatography, ODS C-18 reverse-phase HPLC, and affinity chromatography, showed that a biologically active peak, eluted in 32% acetonitrile, contains a 32- to 34-kDa protein which is 600-fold more potent than the crude extract is a test involving the hypocalcemic response in the CS-deprived eel. Specific immunoprecipitation of protein encoded by mRNA extracted from eel CS indicates that a 45-kDa precursor is involved in PCS synthesis. The hypothetical significance of a "large" parathyrin-like molecule in fish is suggested in relation to what is known about mammalian parathyrin gene expression. 相似文献
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