Rectal prolapse associated with cytomegalovirus pseudomembranous colitis in a child infected by human immunodeficiency virus

We report a newly recognized presentation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) enterocolitis in a 4-year-old girl with newly diagnosed HIV disease who presented with rectal prolapse. Gross findings showed multiple whitish punctate lesions. An endoscopic examination revealed multiple shallow ulcers and pseudomembranes along the colon. A biopsy from colonic tissues demonstrated CMV-like inclusion bodies. A direct immunofluorescence assay using specific CMV monoclonal antibody was positive for CMV-infected cells in specimens from the rectal smear.     

Expression of parathyroid hormone related peptide in human pituitary tumours.

The presence of parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) was studied in 20 patients with pituitary adenomas and one patient with pituitary adenocarcinoma. PTHrP expression was shown in almost all of the pituitary adenomas (95%) and in 100% (n = 7) growth hormone producing pituitary adenomas. A metastatic lesion from a pituitary growth hormone producing adenocarcinoma revealed strongly expressed PTHrP. It was weakly detected in normal pituitary cells in all of the specimens (n = 10). There was no significant correlation, however, between PTHrP expression and the clinical or pathological features of growth hormone producing tumours. Apart from an important role in the physiological function of the pituitary gland, PTHrP may be closely related to somatotroph tumorigenicity.     

The economic impact of alcohol consumption: a systematic review

Background  

Information on the economic impact of alcohol consumption can provide important evidence in supporting policies to reduce its associated harm. To date, several studies on the economic costs of alcohol consumption have been conducted worldwide. This study aims to review the economic impact of alcohol worldwide, summarizing the state of knowledge with regard to two elements: (1) cost components included in the estimation; (2) the methodologies employed in works conducted to date.     

Clinical features of diphtheria in thai children: a historic perspective

To study the clinical and laboratory features of childhood diphtheria, the cases of 381 children with clinical and bacteriological diagnoses of diphtheria who were treated at the Children's Hospital between 1976 and 1985 were reviewed. Of these, 191 were males and 190 were females. The mean age was 4.6 years. Approximately 75% of the patients had no history of immunization. Common manifestations of diphtheria included patch (100%), fever (92.4%), upper respiratory tract infection (91.6%), upper airway obstruction (42.3%), hoarseness (36.7%), and bull neck (11.3%). The mean duration of fever prior to admission was 3.3 days with a range of 0-11 days. Patch sites included the tonsils (91.9%), the pharynx (55.9%), the larynx (27.8%) and others (24.4%). Complications included upper airway obstruction (42.3%), cardiac complications (10.0%) and neurological complications (4.7%). The mortality rate was 5.8%. There were significant associations between death and the presence of bull neck, laryngeal patch, airway obstruction and cardiac complications. Early recognition and prompt treatment will decrease complications and mortality in this group of patients.     

新疆维吾尔族妇女子宫颈鳞状细胞癌中人乳头瘤病毒16感染和p33ING1b及端粒酶逆转录酶催化亚单位表达的相关性

目的探讨新疆维吾尔族妇女子宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)16感染和p33ING1b及端粒酶逆转录酶催化亚单位(hTERT)表达的相关性。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测了50例子宫颈鳞状细胞癌(SCC)和34例子宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)p33ING1b和hTERT表达情况,PCR法检测HPV16感染情况,并与12例正常子宫颈进行对照。结果对照组、CIN1组、CIN2～3组和SCC组中HPV16感染率分别为0、22.2%、44.0%和74.0%,各组间差异有显著性(x2=26.537,P=0.000);p33ING1b阳性率分别为91.7%、77.7%、68.0%和36.0%,各组间差异有显著性(x2=38.943,P=0.000);hTERT阳性率分别为50.0%、66.6%、88.0%和94.0%,各组间差异也有显著性(x2=48.199,P=0.000)。HPV16感染与p33ING1b表达呈负相关(r=-0.294,P=0.004),与hTERT表达呈正相关(r=0.286,P=0.005);p33ING1b表达与hTERT表达呈负相关(r=-0.361,P=0.000)。结论HPV16感染可能与新疆维吾尔族妇女子宫颈SCC组织中p33ING1b表达下降及hTERT表达增加有关。