“Radio-oncomics”

Introduction

Radiomics, a recently introduced concept, describes quantitative computerized algorithm-based feature extraction from imaging data including computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRT), or positron-emission tomography (PET) images. For radiation oncology it offers the potential to significantly influence clinical decision-making and thus therapy planning and follow-up workflow.

Methods

After image acquisition, image preprocessing, and defining regions of interest by structure segmentation, algorithms are applied to calculate shape, intensity, texture, and multiscale filter features. By combining multiple features and correlating them with clinical outcome, prognostic models can be created.

Results

Retrospective studies have proposed radiomics classifiers predicting, e.?g., overall survival, radiation treatment response, distant metastases, or radiation-related toxicity. Besides, radiomics features can be correlated with genomic information (“radiogenomics”) and could be used for tumor characterization.

Discussion

Distinct patterns based on data-based as well as genomics-based features will influence radiation oncology in the future. Individualized treatments in terms of dose level adaption and target volume definition, as well as other outcome-related parameters will depend on radiomics and radiogenomics. By integration of various datasets, the prognostic power can be increased making radiomics a valuable part of future precision medicine approaches.

Conclusion

This perspective demonstrates the evidence for the radiomics concept in radiation oncology. The necessity of further studies to integrate radiomics classifiers into clinical decision-making and the radiation therapy workflow is emphasized.

     

阿里红中总三萜酸的提取工艺优选及含量测定

目的:优化阿里红中总三萜酸的提取工艺,并建立其含量测定方法。方法:以齐墩果酸为对照品,采用分光光度法测定三萜酸含量;采用单因素试验考察提取溶剂种类及浓度、料液比、温度、提取时间及提取次数对总三萜酸得率的影响,在此基础上,采用L9(34)正交试验优选阿里红中总三萜酸提取工艺。结果:最佳提取工艺为30倍量90%乙醇于60℃超声提取3次,每次30 min。在此条件下,阿里红中总三萜酸质量分数35.1%。各因素影响次序为提取温度>液料比>提取时间>乙醇体积分数。结论:阿里红中三萜酸含量很高,该优选工艺稳定可行,可推广于大生产。     

„Foam rolling“ und Wirbelsäulenbeweglichkeit – eine randomisierte kontrollierte Pilotstudie

Background

Despite limited evidence and little knowledge about underlying mechanisms or even potential risks, foam rolling (FR) has become a widely used tool for fitness and health purposes. Improvements in lower limb flexibility have been described, but there is a paucity of information for the spine.

Purpose

This pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of FR on trunk and spinal flexion and axial rotation in healthy subjects.

Methods

Spinal flexibility at maximal trunk flexion (sit and reach test) and maximal vertebral axial rotation (segments L1 and T4, dynamic video rasterstereography) was assessed in a randomized controlled repeated measures design (experimental and waiting control conditions separated by 1 week) before and after FR or a respective waiting time (control) in a sample of 19 active healthy females (age 26.1?±?3.6 years, body mass index 22.3?±?2.6?kg/m²). FR consisted of 2 repetitions (each 3?min with 60?s rest) for the paraspinal and lateral back muscles (10 roll cyles/min, average pressure approximately two thirds of body weight).

Results

We found a significant 2?cm increase in the sit and reach test results (p?<?0.001), which was, however, independent of the FR treatment (p?=?0.910). Vertebral rotation (L1, T4) did not change significantly (p?=?0.290–0.941). Although we observed 2?degree increases on average for the FR condition only, the time?×?treatment interactions did not indicate an FR effect (p?=?0.261–0.368).

Conclusion

Commonly accepted evidence for increases in lower limb flexibility after FR cannot be confirmed for spinal mobility after a single treatment in healthy active young women. The technical approach using dynamic rasterstereography to quantify axial spinal rotation appears to be promising for future FR investigations targeting patients with back complaints, provided methodical adaptations are taken into account.

     

Light chain monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is characterized by a high disappearance rate and low risk of progression on longitudinal analysis

We determined the 10-year progression rate of light chain monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (LCMGUS) and investigated potential associations with cancer utilizing the German population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. The Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study comprises 4814 men and women aged 45–75 years. Serum samples from baseline (2000–2003) and five-year (2006–2008) and 10-year (2011–2015) follow-up examinations were screened for monoclonal free light chains (FLC). LCMGUS was defined as abnormal FLC ratio, increase of involved FLC with complete loss of immunoglobulin heavy chain, and absence of a history of lymphoproliferative disease (LPD). Seventy-five individuals with LCMGUS were identified across all three evaluation time points (median age 64 years; 43 (57%) male; FLCR >?1.65 65 (87%); FLCR ≤?0.65 10 (13%)). After a median observation time of 11.5 years, none of the LCMGUS cases had progressed to overt LPD; in particular, we did not observe incident light chain multiple myeloma. On serial analysis 17/31 (55%), LCMGUS could not be confirmed and disappearance of the monoclonal protein was associated with low concentrations of the involved FLC. Individuals with LCMGUS had a 1.5-fold increased risk of cancer but did not show differences in overall survival or renal function as compared to individuals with normal FLC. In conclusion, LCMGUS represents a relatively benign condition with a high disappearance rate of the monoclonal protein on longitudinal analysis and normal overall survival at least in the population-based setting.     

三苯氧胺,雌激素和巨噬细胞对小鼠移植性肿瘤生长性别差异的影响

我们研究了三苯氧胺、雌激素和巨噬细胞对ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠可移植性肿瘤肉瘤１８０生长的性别差异影响。移植性肉瘤１８０的生长在ＢＡＬＢ／小鼠具有明显的差异。即在雄性小鼠瘤块出现的时间早，肿瘤的生长速度也比雌性快。     

基于高频药对及功效配伍数据分析探讨治疗冠心病的组方规律

目的:应用高频药对和功效配伍关系等数据挖掘技术分析治疗冠心病的维吾尔医古籍方剂配伍组方特点,揭示内在规律,探索配伍组方理论,指导临床合理用药,为新药研发提供方剂线索。方法:以历代医家古方为线索,借助于现代数据处理与统计的计算机技术,建立冠心病方剂的Microsoft Excel数据库,通过高级筛选功能,对高频药对和功效配伍进行统计分析。结果:通过数据挖掘与分析,发现已知和未知的增效、减毒的药品组合,其中高频药对为牛舌草-香青兰,牛舌草-蚕茧-玫瑰花瓣,牛舌草-檀香;高频3味药组为牛舌草-香青兰-蚕茧,牛舌草-香青兰-檀香/玫瑰花,牛舌草-蚕茧-檀香;高频4味药组为:牛舌草-香青兰-蚕茧-檀香,牛舌草-香青兰-琥珀-麝香;高频,5味药组为蚕茧-珍珠-琥珀-麝香-大叶补血草-矢车菊,牛舌草-香青兰-蚕茧/珍珠-大叶补血草-矢车菊,探究功效配伍的最佳组合。结论:以强心药为主药,配伍补脑药、增强自然力药、强筋药、补肾药、健胃顺肠药以及致病异常体液相应成熟药是组方规律,基本方以蚕茧、檀香、珍珠、麝香、琥珀、大叶补血草、矢车菊、银箔、金箔、西红花、牛舌草、香青兰、丁香、郁金、多榔菊、天竺黄为构成,为此推论为临床遣药用药和新药研发提供参考依据。     

麻风误诊入院原因分析

目的 总结综合医院麻风患者误诊入院的原因及预防对策。方法 收集误诊入院的6例麻风患者临床资料，分析误诊原因。结果患者隐瞒病史、临床表现不典型、医生警惕性下降和诊断水平不高是主要原因。结论 在麻风已逐步进入低流行的情况下，提高医生的警惕性和诊断水平是防止麻风误诊的关键。     

Motion-onset VEPs to translating,radial, rotating and spiral stimuli

Motion-onset related visual evoked potentials (M-VEPs) were recorded as a result of the three basic (translating, radial and rotating) and one complex (spiral) motion stimulations in five subjects. Low contrast, retinotopically scaled patterns evoked potentials with major motion-onset specific negativity N160 with maximum in the parieto-temporal region. All multidirectional motion stimuli elicited the motion-onset response of significantly higher amplitude and shorter latency compared to the translating (unidirectional) motion. The rotation-onset evoked potentials had significantly shorter latencies than the rest of explored stimuli. The most stable responses with the largest N160 amplitude were recorded to the radial motion. After masking of the central 20° of the visual field these motion-onset VEPs were acquired without statistically significant amplitude drop. The efficiency and usefulness of the radial stimulus is presented in two clinical cases.     

Coping and self-image in patients with visual display terminal-related skin symptoms and perceived hypersensitivity to electricity

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to measure coping resources and self-image in patients with visual display terminal (VDT)-related skin symptoms and hypersensitivity to electricity (HE).Methods: From 1980 to 1998, 350 patients with electrical sensitivity were registered. The patients were subdivided into two groups: patients with skin symptoms evoked by VDTs, television screens, and fluorescent-light tubes and patients with so-called hypersensitivity to electricity with multiple symptoms evoked by exposure to different electrical environments. A questionnaire was sent to all patients and contained the coping resources inventory (CRI) and the structural analysis of social behaviour (SASB) in order for us to measure coping resources and self-image, respectively. The CRI and SASB scores were compared with those of control groups. Two hundred and fifty respondents (73%) returned the questionnaire, 200 (78.5% women) in the VDT group and 50 (62% women) in the HE group.Results: The patient group rated high on the CRI spiritual/philosophical scale and high on the SASB spontaneous, positive and negative clusters but low on the controlled cluster. The female patients scored high on the CRI emotional scale. The VDT group rated lower than the controls on the SASB controlled cluster and higher on both the positive and negative cluster. The HE group scored higher than the control group on the SASB spontaneous and positive clusters. The women in the HE group scored higher on the CRI cognitive and CRI total scale than the VDT group and control group and higher on the CRI emotional scale than the controls. The women in the HE group rated higher than both the women in the VDT and control groups on the SASB spontaneous and positive clusters.Conclusions: The deviant self-image found in these patients, especially the female HE patients, support the view that VDT and HE symptoms can be stress related. In the clinic, a trustful alliance should be established with the patient in order for a more realistic view to be achieved of the capacity.