毛菊苣规范化种植技术研究及SOP的制定

对毛菊苣的规范化种植技术进行了探讨,从毛菊苣的药用植物形态与性状、生长环境、生长习性、种子特性、播种、田间管理、病虫害防治、初加工等方面进行研究论述,并制定种植技术操作规程(SOP),为维吾尔医常用药材毛菊苣的扩大应用和规范化种植提供技术参考。     

On the dual contrast enhancement mechanism in frequency‐selective inversion‐recovery magnetic resonance angiography (IRON‐MRA)

The susceptibility of blood changes after administration of a paramagnetic contrast agent that shortens T₁. Concomitantly, the resonance frequency of the blood vessels shifts in a geometry‐dependent way. This frequency change may be exploited for incremental contrast generation by applying a frequency‐selective saturation prepulse prior to the imaging sequence. The dual origin of vascular enhancement depending first on off‐resonance and second on T₁ lowering was investigated in vitro, together with the geometry dependence of the signal at 3T. First results obtained in an in vivo rabbit model are presented. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Habitual level of physical activity and muscle fatigue of the elbow flexor muscles in older men

Reduced muscle performance, related to the loss of muscle mass and strength, is a common and natural part of ageing. Nevertheless, it is generally believed that regular participation in activities of moderate intensity may slow down these age-related changes. This study investigated the relationship between the habitual level of physical activity (PA), assessed by the modified Baecke Questionnaire, and the mechanical and fatigue characteristics of the right elbow flexor muscles, m. biceps brachii and m. brachioradialis, in men over the age of 55 years. Muscle fatigue was quantified both by measuring the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque before and after a sustained isometric contraction at 25% MVC until exhaustion, and also by the temporal changes observed in the surface electromyographic (EMG) signal recorded during the fatigue task. Results showed a decreased MVC torque at the end of the fatiguing contraction. After 20 min of recovery, the MVC force was still significantly lower than the pre-fatigue value, except for the most active subjects. Typical myoelectrical indications of fatigue were also observed: a shift in the frequency spectrum of the signal towards lower frequencies accompanied by an increase in the EMG amplitude. We concluded from this study that the level of PA was related to the absolute isometric MVC values and the measurement of neuromuscular efficiency after 20 min of recovery, but did not influence the indications of muscle fatigue during an isometric fatigue task. Electronic Publication     

异常黑胆质成熟剂醇提物诱导HepG2细胞凋亡机制的研究

目的:探讨异常黑胆质成熟剂醇提物的抗癌作用机理。方法:采用四氮甲基唑蓝法(MTT)观察样品对人肝癌细胞株(HepG2)体外生长的抑制作用;采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术、流式细胞术等观察样品对HepG2细胞凋亡的影响;采用逆转录-多聚酶链式反应技术(RT-PCR)观察样品对HepG2细胞凋亡相关基因mRNA表达的影响;观察样品对HepG2细胞Caspase-3活性的影响。结果:异常黑胆质成熟剂醇提物可明显抑制癌细胞体外生长(P<0.05);明显阻滞癌细胞周期、诱导癌细胞凋亡(P<0.05);明显提高抑癌基因p53、p21基因mRNA的表达,抑制抗凋亡基因Bc l-2 mRNA的表达,对Bax基因mRNA表达不产生明显的影响;明显提高Caspase-3活性。结论:异常黑胆质成熟剂醇提物抗癌作用可能与其抑制癌细胞生长、阻滞癌细胞周期、诱导癌细胞凋亡、调节凋亡相关基因表达、激活Caspase-3活性等功能有密切联系。     

维吾尔医药治疗失眠症住院病历回顾性调查分析

目的回顾性分析维吾尔医药治疗失眠症的用药特点及临床效果。方法通过医院信息病历统计系统,选取诊断为失眠症的234例住院病历,对患者一般情况、维吾尔药使用率、合并用药、致病体液、疗程及治疗效果等进行回顾性分析。结果失眠患者的年龄主要分布在30～60岁之间,占81.82%;异常黑胆质和黏液质为主要致病体液,分别占54.27%、28.63%。所涉及制剂品种85种,其中益脑吾斯提库都斯糖浆使用频次为213次,使用率91.03%;木尼孜其赛吾达合剂使用频次为163次,使用率69.66%;5～12种制剂合并使用的病历数最多,占89.13%;用药天数在7～30 d的病例数占总数的73.16%。结论维吾尔医药治疗失眠症用药独特,具有良好的临床疗效和安全性。     

Diabetic background retinopathy is associated with impaired coronary vasoreactivity in people with Type 1 diabetes

Aims/hypothesis We examined whether diabetic background retinopathy is associated with reduced coronary vasoreactivity in people with Type 1 diabetes.Methods A total of 21 men with Type 1 diabetes were investigated, including 9 men with background retinopathy and 12 men without retinopathy. In addition, 12 non-diabetic, age-matched subjects were studied. All subjects were non-smokers, otherwise healthy and had no other diabetic complications. Resting myocardial blood flow and hyperaemic dipyridamole-stimulated flow (dipyridamole, 0.56 mg/kg during a 4-min period), a measure of coronary vasoreactivity, were measured during euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (1 mU·kg^–1·min^–1) using positron emission tomography and oxygen-15-labelled water.Results Resting myocardial blood flow (0.82±0.13 vs 0.96±0.23 vs 0.88±0.25 ml·g^–1·min^–1, with vs without retinopathy vs non-diabetic subjects) and coronary vascular resistance (111.2±23.4 vs 95.5±15.8 vs 101.9±31.5 mmHg·min·g·ml^–1 respectively) were not significantly different between the groups. Dipyridamole infusion induced an increase in blood flow and a decrease in coronary vascular resistance in all study subjects (p<0.001). However, dipyridamole-stimulated flow and coronary vascular resistance were blunted in diabetic patients with retinopathy (2.9±0.9 ml·g^–1·min^–1 and 34.1±11.3 mmHg·min·g·ml^–1) when compared to diabetic patients without retinopathy (4.0±1.3 ml·g^–1·min^–1, p=0.04 and 24.6±7.5 mmHg·min·g·ml^–1, p=0.03) or non-diabetic subjects (4.5±1.4 ml·g^–1·min^–1, p=0.008 and 22.2±8.7 mmHg·min·g·ml^–1, p=0.01). Myocardial flow reserve was impaired in diabetic patients with retinopathy (3.6±1.0) when compared to non-diabetic subjects (5.3±1.9, p=0.02) but not significantly reduced when compared to diabetic patients without retinopathy (4.2±1.4, p=0.2).Conclusions/interpretation Diabetic background retinopathy appears to be associated with impaired coronary vasoreactivity in young people with Type 1 diabetes.Abbreviations PET positron emission tomography - [¹⁵O]H₂O oxygen-15-labelled waterJ. Sundell and T. Janatuinen contributed equally to this work     

A One-Year Follow-up Study of Endoluminal Gastroplication (Endocinch) in GERD Patients Refractory to Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy

In a subset of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), symptoms persist in spite of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. Endoscopic gastroplication (EG) was reported to provide a novel therapeutic option in GERD. To evaluate symptomatic and objective outcome of EG in PPI refractory GERD, consecutive GERD patients with persisting reflux symptoms during at least 2 months double dose PPI were recruited for EG (Endocinch). Exclusion criteria were high-grade esophagitis, Barretts esophagus, and hiatal hernia >3 cm. Symptoms and PPI use were evaluated before and 1, 3, and 12 months after the EG; 24-hr pH monitoring off PPI was performed before and after 3 and 12 months. All data are given as mean ± SD and were analyzed by Students t test. Twenty patients (10 females; mean age, 45 ± 11 years) were recruited. Under conscious sedation with midazolam (6 ± 2 mg) and pethidine (53 ± 5 mg), a mean of 2.0 ± 0.2 sutures was applied during a procedure time of 33 ± 6 min. Throat ache and mild epigastric pain for up to 3 days after the procedure were the only adverse events. At 3 and 12 months symptom score (11.6 ± 6 vs. 6.4 ± 3.7 [P < 0.01] and 7.1 ± 4.5 [P < 0.05]) as well as pH monitoring (% time pH < 4: 17.0 ± 1.1 vs. 8.1 ± 5.7% [P < 0.01] and 9.8 ± 4.1% [P < 0.01]) significantly improved. Ph monitoring was normalized (<4% of time) in seven patients after 3 months. PPIs could be stopped in 13 patients, with 2 patients still using H₂-blockers and 1 using cisapride after 3 months. After 12 months only six patients were free of PPI use and pH monitoring was normalized in six patients. We conclude that EG provides short- and medium-term symptomatic and objective relief to a subset of GERD patients refractory to high-dose PPI.     

Positive contrast visualization of nitinol devices using susceptibility gradient mapping

MRI visualization of devices is traditionally based on signal loss due to T₂* effects originating from local susceptibility differences. To visualize nitinol devices with positive contrast, a recently introduced postprocessing method is adapted to map the induced susceptibility gradients. This method operates on regular gradient‐echo MR images and maps the shift in k‐space in a (small) neighborhood of every voxel by Fourier analysis followed by a center‐of‐mass calculation. The quantitative map of the local shifts generates the positive contrast image of the devices, while areas without susceptibility gradients render a background with noise only. The positive signal response of this method depends only on the choice of the voxel neighborhood size. The properties of the method are explained and the visualizations of a nitinol wire and two stents are shown for illustration. Magn Reson Med 60:588–594, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Intratumor heterogeneity and chemotherapy-induced changes in EGFR status in non-small cell lung cancer

Introduction  

Biomarker expression is increasingly being used to customize treatment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The choice of systemic treatment usually depends on biomarker expression in the initial diagnostic biopsy taken before initiation of first-line treatment. Chemotherapy induces DNA damages in the tumor cells, and thus, biomarker expression in the tumor after systemic treatment might not be identical to biomarker expression in the diagnostic biopsy. NSCLC is highly heterogeneous and biomarker expression may vary in different areas within the same tumor. This review explores the tumor heterogeneity and chemotherapy-induced changes in EGFR biomarker status in NSCLC.