不同产地、不同炮制品知母中菝葜皂苷元含量的比较研究

目的：比较不同产地、不同炮制品知母中主要药效成分菝荚皂苷元含量。方法：以菝葜皂苷元含量为指标对不同产地、不同炮制品知母进行含量测定。结果：各产地知母中菝葜皂苷元的含量差别较大,经盐炙后菝葜皂苷元含量无明显差异。结论：山西产的知母中菝葜皂苷元含量最高;以菝葜皂苷元为主要治疗成分时,使用生品、盐炙品均可。     

Anatomy and clinical significance of the trigeminocerebellar artery

The trigeminocerebellar artery (TCA) is a unique branch of the basilar artery supplying both the trigeminal nerve root and the cerebellar hemisphere. In this study, we describe and demonstrate the microanatomy of the TCA in 45 brainstems and discuss the neurological, neuroradiological and neurosurgical significance. This is the largest series of cadavers in the literature. The close relationship of the TCA to the trigeminal nerve root may have clinical implications including for the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia, thus the neurosurgeon must be aware of the vasculature of the trigeminal nerve root area and the anatomical variations.     

Treatment of Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia with Topical Imiquimod: Report of Three Cases

Abstract:   Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is a rare disorder caused by specific types of HPV. It mainly involves oral mucosa and children are affected more frequently. It may persist for years, producing a significant reduction in quality of life. Several treatment modalities such as surgical excision, laser ablation, cryotherapy, electrocauterization, topical, intralesional, systemic interferon, and systemic retinoic acid have been used with inconsistent results and many side effects. Here we report three children of Turkish origin with focal epithelial hyperplasia successfully treated with imiquimod 5% cream. No serious side effects were observed and recurrence did not occur during the 1-year follow-up period.     

Evaluation of a three‐session biliary dilation protocol following transplant‐related biliary stricture in pediatric patients

To evaluate whether a serial biliary dilation protocol improves outcomes and decreases total biliary drainage time for biliary strictures following pediatric liver transplantation. From 2006 to 2016, 213 orthotopic deceased and living related liver transplants were performed in 199 patients with a median patient age of 3.1 years at a single pediatric hospital. Patients with biliary strictures were managed by IR or surgically by the transplant team. Patients managed by IR were divided into two groups. The first group was managed with a standardized three‐session protocol consisting of dilation every two weeks for three dilations. The second group was managed clinically with varying number and interval of dilations as determined by a multidisciplinary team. The location of biliary stricture, duration of drainage, number of balloon dilations, balloon diameter, time interval between dilations, and success of percutaneous treatment were recorded. Thirty‐four patients developed biliary strictures. Thirty‐one patients were managed with percutaneous intervention. Three strictures could not be crossed and were converted to operative management. Ten patients were managed in the three‐session protocol, and 18 patients were managed in the clinically treated group. There was no significant difference in clinical success rates between groups, 80% and 61%, respectively. The three‐session protocol group trended toward a lower total biliary drain indwell time (median 49 days) compared with the clinically treated group (median 89 days), P = .089. Our study suggests that a three‐session dilation protocol following transplant‐related biliary stricture may decrease total biliary drainage time for some patients.     

基于AHP-熵权TOPSIS法优选磁石炮制工艺及所含重金属元素的风险评估

目的 通过AHP优化的熵权TOPSIS模型对磁石的煅淬工艺进行优选,并对煅磁石饮片的重金属元素残留量进行健康风险评估。方法 通过正交试验,分别以Fe和Pb、As、Cd、Hg、Cu元素的含量为综合评价指标,采用《中国药典》2020年版规定的Fe含量测定法（重铬酸钾滴定法）和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）进行含量测定,基于AHP-熵权TOPSIS法优选最佳炮制工艺参数。采用风险评估方法对煅磁石的重金属元素安全性进行评估,以磁石原粉入药为例,计算靶标危害系数（target hazard quotients,THQ）,并推算煅磁石中各重金属的最大残留限量理论值。结果 优化后的磁石煅淬工艺为煅烧时间90 min,煅烧温度650 ℃,煅淬2次。炮制后的煅磁石Fe含量变化不大,重金属元素含量降低,13批煅磁石饮片较原药材的健康风险显著降低（P＜0.05）。结论 初步制定煅磁石饮片中Pb、As、Cd、Hg、Cu的残留限量理论值依次为40、90、25、17、1 500 mg/kg;为磁石及同类矿物药的临床安全用药提供参考。     

Comparison of serum acetyl hydrolase (PAF-AH) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) values between prostate cancer patients and a control group

The aim of the study was to measure platelet-activating factor acetyl hydrolase (PAF-AH) and paraoxonase (PON1) enzyme activity levels in patients with high Psa values to compare with healthy peers and also to determine the efficacy of these parameters in predicting pathologic results of patients with high Psa values. This study included 66 patients with Psa value > 4 ng/dl (Group 1) and 44 patients with Psa <4 ng/dl (Group 2) for a total of 110 patients. Parameters measured in serum of PON1, PAF-AH, and MDA were compared between the groups. Additionally the same parameters were compared between patients with prostate biopsy performed due to high Psa and diagnosed with cancer and the control group with normal Psa values. The PAF-AH activity in Group 1 was 125.17 ± 8.64 and in Group 2 was 120.08 ± 9.23 U/ml (p = 0.003). The PON1 activity was 63.12 ± 6.74 and 65.91 ± 7.77 U/ml in the groups, respectively (p = 0.04). Additionally, there were significant differences identified between the control group and PCa diagnosis group in terms of PAF-AH and PON1 activities (p = 0.004 and p = 0.02, respectively). The enzyme activity of PAF-AH and PON1 measured in serum of patients with high Psa value and patients with diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) were identified to have changed by a significant amount compared to healthy peers with normal Psa value. It was concluded that these parameters may be beneficial markers for use in assessment of patients with high Psa value.     

HLA-B27 subtypes in Turkish patients with ankylosing spondylitis and healthy controls

The aim of this study was to determine human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 subtypes frequency in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and related spondyloartropathy (SpA) patients. Therefore, we investigated the differences in HLA-B27 subtypes between HLA-B27-positive patients and controls. Sixty six patients were included in this study (51 AS and 15 SpA). Thirty-five individuals were diagnosed with leukemia or chronic renal failure, and their donors without any rheumatological problem (no SpA history) were selected as the control group. HLA-B27 subtyping was performed by PCR-SSP (polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer) method in serologically HLA-B27-positive 46 AS patients, 9 SpA patients and control group. When the frequency of HLA-B27 was 4.5% in Turkish population, this frequency was 90.2% in AS patients. Four different HLA-B27 subtypes found in AS patients were B*2705 (65.2%), B*2702 (26.1%), B*2704 (6.5%) and B*2707 (2.2%). In SpA patients, B*2705 and B*2702 found in equal frequency. Five B27 alleles were identified in our control group: B*2705 (54.3%), B*2702 (31.4) %, B*2703 (2.9%), B*2704 (2.9%) and B*2702/B*2705 (8.5%). Both in the patient group and in the control group, we also observed B*2705 as most frequent allele, and B*2702 was second common allele. Our results show that the frequency of HLA-B27 subtypes is not significantly different between patients and controls (P?>?0.10).     

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and its correlation with risk factors among new recruits in Turkey

ObjectivesThe objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and related risk factors among new recruits in a military unit in Turkey.MethodsEight thousand five hundred eighty-nine newly-recruited soldiers were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were drawn from them between January 2006 and December 2006 and ELISA technique was applied to the samples. In addition, questions on the risk factors of hepatitis B exposure were asked to the participants in the survey.ResultsThe results demonstrated that HBsAg seroprevalence was 2.8%. Further survey results indicated that seropositivity increased depending on certain risk factors. In multiple regression analysis, significant correlations were determined between HBsAg positivity and certain risk factors such as living in the Southeast Anatolia region (p < 0.01), having a history of living with a hepatitis B carrier (p < 0.001), and presence of a hepatitis B carrier in the neighborhood or at work (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe HBsAg seropositivity found in this study supports the fact that Turkey remains in the medium endemicity zone, and that horizontal transmission is predominant.     

指纹图谱结合网络药理学及分子对接的黑顺片质量标志物预测

目的：结合指纹图谱、网络药理学和分子对接技术,初步分析黑顺片中的潜在质量标志物（Q-Marker）。方法：运用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）建立黑顺片饮片指纹图谱,确认共有峰并进行指认,同时进行聚类分析及主成分分析,运用网络药理学方法构建“活性成分-靶点-通路”网络,预测Q-Marker,采用分子对接验证。结果：建立了25批黑顺片饮片指纹图谱,确认了8个共有峰,通过对照品指认6个色谱峰,分别为苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱、乌头碱,指纹图谱相似度为0.922～0.999。聚类分析将25批样品大致聚为2类,主成分分析显示S4、S10、S11批次的样品质量显著区别于其他批次;网络药理学分析表明,次乌头碱等6种成分均是黑顺片发挥药效的主要活性成分,主要发挥抗肿瘤、抗炎、保护心血管等作用,分子对接表明以上成分与关键靶点均有较强的结合活性,可能是黑顺片潜在Q-Marker。结论：本实验从多层面综合获取黑顺片的质量信息,对其质量标志物进行初步预测及验证,为进一步研究黑顺片作用机制,全面控制饮片质量提供参考。