Clinical and microbiological efficacy and toxicity of colistin in patients infected with multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens

Polymyxins have recently again become important because of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy and toxicity of different dosages of colistin in patients infected with MDR microorganisms that were sensitive only to colistin. The study was conducted in the 1,200-bed Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital. Patients with normal renal function who received colistin for 48 h or more were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical response was defined as resolution of fever and clinical and laboratory findings. Microbiological response was defined as bacteriological eradication from the infection site. Nephrotoxicity was defined as at least two consecutive serum creatinine measurements with an increase of 0.5 mg/dl from baseline at least 24 h apart after 2 or more days of colistin therapy. Twenty-four patients were included in the study: total clinical response was obtained in 17 of 24 (70.8 %) patients and microbiological response in 15 of 24 (62.5 %) patients. Patients were grouped according to colistin dosage of 3 × 1 million units (MU) versus 3 × 2 MU. Clinical response rates were 69.2 % and 72.7 %, respectively (p = 0.65). Microbiological response rate was similar (p = 0.62). Nephrotoxicity was revealed in 1 of 13 patients (7.7 %) for the 3 × 1 MU group and 2 of 11 patients (18.2 %) in the 3 × 2 MU group (p = 0.57). The nephrotoxicity rate was greater with higher dosages of colistin, but the difference was not statistically significant. Renal function of patients receiving higher dosages of colistin should be more closely monitored.     

大学生色觉辨别能力与深度知觉的相关性分析

目的：评价色觉正常大学生的色觉辨别能力与深度知觉的关系。方法：选取巴什肯特大学医学专业学生52例,其中男性33例（63．46％）,女性19例（36．54％）,平均年龄21．18±2．52岁。参与学生视力正常（20／20）,且经Ishihara假同色测试法显示无先天性色觉缺陷。运用Gundogan方法确定主视眼（ DE ）。通过法－孟二氏100色度试验（FM100HT）检验色觉辨别能力,包括左右眼及双眼（TE）的总误差分（ TES ）、部分误差分（ LES ）。误差分分为三组：双眼、DE及非主视眼（ NDE ）。应用TNO检查双眼视觉与立体感,并根据480－15 arc／s范围的立体感水平分为四组。结果：FM100HT的误差分显示无性别差异的TES,蓝黄LES和红绿 LES 分别为61．22±30．32（58．50）[ mean ± SD],35．80±19.32（36．50）和25．42±14．65（24．00）。男性受试者（n＝31）分别为67．45±29．95（61．00）,40．25±18．83（39．00）和27．19±14．30（24．00）。女性受试者（n＝19）分别为51.05±28．84（47．00）,25．52±18．32（28．00）和22．52±31.13（23．00）。根据FM100 HT的误差分,得出女性颜色视觉辨别能力高于男性。通过FM100 HT将色觉辨别能力分为较高（6％,TES＝0～20）,中等（86％,TES＝20～100）和较低（8％, TES＞100）,中等水平最为常见（ P＜0.05）。 DE和NDE的红绿LES 分别为24．12±14．70和32．20±14．21, DE 和 NDE 的蓝黄 LES 分别为34．68±18.95和36．24±17．56。女性（ n＝19） DE和NDE的红绿色LES分别为21．89±15．06和31．00±22．42;男性（ n＝31）则为25．48±14．55和32．93±17．31。女性（ n＝19） DE和NDE 蓝黄色 LES 分别为29．63±18．62和33．42±17.38,男性（ n＝31）则为37．77±18．78和37．96±17．73。所有学生的TE,DE及NDE的TES和立体视觉水平均进行比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＝1）。研究表明色觉辨别能力和双眼深度知觉无关。结论：FM100 HT的TES显示：正常人不同个体立体视觉水平无差异,基于色觉分离的TNO检测的深度直觉与色觉辨别能力不相关。在之前的研究中, DE色觉辨别能力优于NDE。但目前研究表明在深度知觉方面DE并非优于NDE。     

肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞及重组白细胞介素2治疗原发性肝细胞癌

目的探讨联合应用肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞（ｔｕｍｏｒｉｎｆｉｔｒａｔｉｎｇｌｙｍｐｈｏｃｙｔｅｓ,ＴＩＬ）和重组白细胞介素２（ｒＩＬ２）治疗对原发性肝细胞癌（ｐｒｉｍａｒｙｈｅｐａｔｏｃｅｌｕｌａｒｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ,ＰＨＣＣ）术后患者细胞免疫功能的影响和其临床疗效。方法对１６例ＰＨＣＣ术后患者进行了ＴＩＬ和ｒＩＬ２治疗,１２例从肝动脉插管输入,４例从门静脉插管输入。结果ＴＩＬ治疗后１６例患者外周血白细胞介素２（ＩＬ２）,Ｔ细胞亚群及比率均有不同程度上升;肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）,白细胞介素６（ＩＬ６）多有不同程度下降。随访６～２４个月,１４例肝癌根治性切除术患者,肿瘤无复发迹象,１例肝癌根治切除术患者ＴＮＦ上升了８ＩＵ,该患者治疗８个月后死于肝功能衰竭;１例肝癌姑息性切除,残癌无水酒精注射病人,ＴＩＬ治疗１８个月后肿瘤直径扩大２ｃｍ。结论ＴＩＬ治疗对提高ＰＨＣＣ术后患者抗肿瘤细胞免疫功能,防止肿瘤复发,抑制残瘤生长,延长患者生存期具有一定作用。     

腹腔镜手术与腹膜后大血管损伤

腹腔镜手术因其创伤小、患者痛苦少、术后恢复快等优点而在腹部盆腔疾病的诊断和治疗中得到广泛应用,但由其所引起的技术性并发症亦引起了腹腔镜医师的极大重视。我们仅对腹腔镜手术中腹膜后大血管损伤（ｍａｊｏｒｒｅｔｒｏｐｅｒｉｔｏｎｅａｌｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｉｎｊｕｒｙ,ＭＲＶＩ）作一简要综述。一、腹腔镜手术中ＭＲＶＩ的流行病学所谓腹腔镜手术中ＭＲＶＩ,是指在腹腔镜手术中使用穿刺针及穿刺套管暴力盲穿或器械操作不当而损伤腹主动脉、下腔静脉、门静脉、髂总动静脉及髂内外动静脉等腹膜后大血管,引起的一系列临床症状及…     

Increased nitric oxide is accompanied by lipid oxidation in adolescent varicocele

Summary One of the mechanisms of injury in varicocele has been proposed to be elevated nitric oxide (NO). We aimed to determine the association between the elevation of NO and lipid oxidation in varicocele compared with peripheral venous levels of these two substances as it has not been studied before. The study group consisted of 13 adolescents with left idiopathic varicocele of grades II-III. Blood specimens were obtained from dilated spermatic and peripheral veins simultaneously. Peripheral samples were also collected from 13 healthy children as controls. Nitrite/nitrate levels (NO(x)) and levels of malonedialdehyde (MDA) were determined using Griess reaction and thiobarbituric acid test, respectively. Results were compared with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Peripheral NO(x) and MDA were the same in the study and control groups (p = 0.069 and p = 0.27, respectively). Spermatic vein NO(x) and MDA levels were elevated significantly compared with the peripheral levels in the study group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.048, respectively). Increased NO(x) levels with lipid oxidation occur locally in adolescent varicocele, implying that these events could be reversed by early treatment.     

Pancreas Pseudocyst Associated with L-asparaginase Treatment: a Case Report

A major complication of L-asparaginase used in the treatment of paediatric malignancies in children is pancreatitis (2%-16%). However, only seven paediatric cases of pancreatic pseudocyst caused by the utilization of the agent have been reported in literature. We present the case of a 5-year old girl who had abdominal pain and epigastric dullness after the third course of BMF-95 protocol with a diagnosis of ALL. A pancreatic pseudocyst of 10 χ 10 cm size was found by abdominal tomography. The cyst was treated by percutaneous external drainage, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), administration of octreotide and antibiotherapy for one month. Percutaneous external drainage has proven to be an effective, noninvasive method in this special case with a systemic disorder and the high risk of mortality should a surgical intervention have been performed.     

Different strategies of mixed chimerism induction may determine stem/progenitor cell populations in recipient mice

Mixed chimerism has been suggested to induce tolerance to transplanted alloantigens. As the precise influence of mixed chimerism induction on the host organism has still not been fully elucidated, the aim of the present study was to explore this phenomenon in relation to the stem cell compartment.The experiment was performed on B6.SJL-Ptprc^aPep3^b mice. Mixed chimerism induction protocols involved 3 Gy TBI (Day − 1 of the experiment), injection of 20-30 × 10⁶ Balb C bone marrow cells (Day 0), and administration of blocking antibodies against CD40L (Day 0 and Day 4), anti-CD8 (Day − 2) with/without anti-NK1.1 (Day − 3). Selected groups of mice were also treated with cyclophosphamid (175 mg/kg) on Day 2. The presence of mixed chimerism was assessed in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen, as well as in various subpopulations of leukocytes (CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD45/B220⁺, Gr-1⁺, lin⁻/Sca-1⁺/c-kit⁻, lin⁻/Sca-1⁺/c-kit⁺, lin⁻/Sca-1⁻/c-kit⁺). Furthermore, the percentage of stem/progenitor cells (lin⁻/Sca-1⁺/c-kit⁻, lin⁻/Sca-1⁺/c-kit⁺, lin⁻/Sca-1⁻/c-kit⁺, VSEL, HSC) was analysed for the first time in bone marrow and peripheral blood of chimeric mice.The range of mixed chimerism differed significantly among various cell populations: it was lowest in CD8-positive cells and lin⁻/Sca-1⁺/c-kit⁻ cells, and highest in granulocytes. The induction of mixed chimerism revealed a significant impact on the stem/progenitor cell frequency in recipient mice, providing potential therapeutic insights into the long-term immunologic tolerance observed in chimeric mice. Collectively, these findings contribute to further optimization of mixed chimerism induction protocols and might help in the introduction of this phenomenon into clinical practice.