48例规律透析患者甲状旁腺病理形态分析及8例电镜下超微结构观察

目的 探讨继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症（secondary hyperparathyroidism,SHPT）患者甲状旁腺组织病理形态改变与甲状旁腺激素水平、透析龄等因素的关系.方法 通过形态学观察比较,研究48例规律透析患者因SHPT切除的甲状旁腺病理学形态特征.结果 甲状旁腺激素水平与增生甲状旁腺的细胞类型无相关性,与患者性别、继发陈旧性出血及钙化程度无相关性（P＞0.05）,48例规律透析患者SHPT （95.8％,46/48）以甲状旁腺结节状增生为主,甲状旁腺继发性出血（70.8％,34/48）及钙化（62.5％,30/48）在SHPT的规律透析患者中广泛存在,透析龄的延长对钙化的程度及范围影响较大（P＜0.05）.电镜下可见增生的甲状旁腺细胞内含丰富的线粒体及核蛋白体.结论 长期规律透析患者形成SHPT时甲状旁腺内钙化灶形成及反复的出血是常见的继发性改变,结节状增生是难治性继发性甲状旁腺增生的病理形态基础.电镜下所见提示增生的甲状旁腺细胞呈高活性状态.     

基因芯片筛选尿道下裂雌激素敏感基因的研究

目的 寻找与尿道下裂发病密切相关的基因,探讨尿道下裂形成机制.方法 ①实验组为12例尿道下裂患儿,年龄6～12个月,平均8个月.尿道下裂中度5例,重度7例.组织标本取自尿道成形手术时切取的尿道板组织.②对照组为6例年龄匹配的男性患儿,留取包皮环切时的正常表皮组织.用Tri-Reagent分别提取总RNA,与含22 000个人类基因的寡核苷酸基因芯片杂交、洗脱、染色、扫描,基因强度变化行方差分析(ANOVA,P＜0.01)和Tukey分析,基因表达强度变化＞2倍作为有意义的基因,比较尿道下裂和正常组织之间基因表达差异.从上调表达的基因中选择雌激素敏感基因行RT-PCR,标本除上述患儿RNA外,再增加年龄配对的3例中度、1例重度尿道下裂和2例年龄配对的RNA作为对照,即对照、中度和重度尿道下裂患者RNA标本各8例,验证芯片结果.结果 尿道下裂组织与正常组织之间存在明显的基因表达差异,共筛选出表达强度变化＞2倍的基因94个,其中中度尿道下裂与正常比较,47个基因上调表达(P＜0.01);重度尿道下裂与正常比较,68个基因上调表达(P＜0.001);重度与中度比较,17个基因上调表达(P＞0.05).上调表达的基因中发现了4个雌激素敏感基因CYR61、结缔组织生长因子、ATF3和GADD45β,基因芯片和RT-PCR均证实其在尿道下裂组织中的表达明显高于正常对照.结论 异常表达的基因与尿道下裂的发生有关,尿道下裂组织中雌激素敏感基因上调表达参与了尿道下裂的发病机制.     

腹横肌平面阻滞联合右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼静脉镇痛对肝部分切除术后早期康复的影响

目的评估腹横肌平面阻滞(transversus abdominis plane block,TAPB)联合舒芬太尼、右美托咪定用于肝部分切除患者术后镇痛的效果和安全性,探讨其对患者术后早期康复的影响。方法选择择期行肝部分切除术患者60例,男31例,女29例,年龄20～65岁,BMI 18～25kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法分为两组,术后自愿行静脉自控镇痛,A组舒芬太尼2μg/kg;B组右美托咪定1μg/kg+舒芬太尼2μg/kg。两组均行超声引导下TAPB,给予0.375%罗哌卡因20ml。记录术后48h内VAS疼痛评分和Ramsay镇静评分,术后肠道恢复通气时间、术后进食时间、术后住院时间及并发症发生情况等。结果与A组比较,B组术后12、24h静息VAS评分及术后12、48h运动VAS评分明显降低(P0.05);B组术后首次排气时间、术后进食时间、术后住院时间明显缩短(P0.05)。两组术后Ramsay镇静评分及恶心、呕吐、低血压、心动过缓、呼吸抑制、肺部感染等发生率差异无统计学意义。结论对于行肝部分切除手术的患者,TAPB联合右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼用于术后镇痛可加速患者术后早期康复。     

槲皮素诱导人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的研究

目的:观察槲皮素(quercetin)体外对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的生长抑制和诱导凋亡作用,并探讨线粒体在诱导凋亡机制中的作用。方法:以10、30、60和100μmol/L槲皮素作用于体外培养的SMMC-7721细胞,MTT法检测细胞生长抑制率;Annexi-V/PI双染流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况;吖啶橙(acridine or-ange,AO)染色法观察细胞凋亡时形态变化;JC-1染色法检测细胞线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential)变化。结果:槲皮素体外能抑制肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的生长(P<0.01),诱导细胞发生凋亡,并呈现量效和时效关系。10、30、60和100μmol/L槲皮素作用72h引起的细胞抑制率(F=343.71,P<0.01)和凋亡率(F=234.17,P<0.01)明显高于对照组。槲皮素作用48h后,AO染色图片可见细胞膜呈泡状膨出和凋亡小体等。凋亡过程中线粒体膜电位下降。结论:槲皮素体外能抑制肝癌SMMC-7721细胞生长,诱导细胞凋亡发生,线粒体膜电位下降在细胞凋亡过程中可能起到重要作用。     

Usefulness of muscle denervation as an MRI sign of peripheral nerve pathology

Peripheral nerve disorders may be classified into compressive or entrapment neuropathies and non‐compressive neuropathies. Muscle denervation recognized on MRI may be a useful sign in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve disorders. Acute or subacute denervation results in prolonged T2 relaxation time, producing increased signal in skeletal muscle on short tau inversion‐recovery and fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted images. Chronic denervation produces fatty atrophy of skeletal muscles, resulting in increased muscle signal on T1‐weighted images. This review will outline and illustrate the various ways that muscle denervation as seen on MRI may assist in the diagnosis and localization of peripheral nerve disorders.     

Assessment of 54 biomarkers for biopsy-detectable prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the association of 54 biomarkers from seven classes including adipokines, immune response metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules, and growth factors with prostate cancer risk adjusting for the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) risk score. METHODS: A total of 123 incident prostate cancer cases and 127 age-matched controls were selected from subjects in the San Antonio Center for Biomarkers of Risk of Prostate Cancer cohort study. Prediagnostic serum concentrations were measured in the sample collected at baseline using LabMAP technology. The odds ratios (OR) of prostate cancer risk associated with serum concentrations of 54 markers were estimated using univariate conditional logistic regression before and after adjustment for the PCPT risk score. Two-way hierarchical unsupervised clustering techniques were used to evaluate whether the 54-marker panel distinguished cases from controls. RESULTS: Vascular endothelial growth factor, resistin, interleukin 1Ra (IL-1Ra), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, matrix metalloproteinase-3, plasminogen activator inhibitor, and kallikrein-8 were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) underexpressed in prostate cancer cases, and alpha-fetoprotein was statistically significantly overexpressed in prostate cancer cases, but all had area underneath the receiver-operating characteristic curve <60%; none were statistically significant adjusting for multiple comparisons (P < 0.0008) or after adjustment for the PCPT risk score. Statistical clustering of patients by the marker panel did not distinguish a separate group of cases from controls. CONCLUSIONS: This age-matched case-control study did not support findings of increased diagnostic potential from a 54-marker panel when compared with the conventional risk factors incorporated in the PCPT risk calculator. Future discovery of new biomarkers should always be tested and compared against conventional risk factors before applying them in clinical practice.     

语义网络技术在电子病历中的应用探讨

以肺癌病理案例和语义网络技术为基础,结合了统一医学语言系统(UMLS),研究探讨了语义网络技术在电子病历中的实际应用,并最终实现了加入时序性特征的病理案例语义网络的表示。     

248例儿童颅内肿瘤的临床特点

目的探讨儿童颅内肿瘤的临床特点。方法对云南省肿瘤医院及第三军医大学新桥医院2001～2006年间的248例经组织病理学诊断的儿童颅内肿瘤进行回顾性分析。结果幕上肿瘤156例，幕下肿瘤92例。常见的四类肿瘤为：星形细胞瘤（82／248，33．1％）、颅咽管瘤（58／248，23．5％）、髓母细胞瘤（44／248，17．1％）、室管膜瘤（25／248，10．1％），误诊31例，占12．4％。结论儿童颅内肿瘤部位上以幕上为主，病理以星形细胞瘤最常见，误诊率较高。