2007年大兴区娱乐场所性服务小姐艾滋病知识、态度与行为调查

[目的]了解娱乐场所服务小姐艾滋病相关知识、危险行为及艾滋病病毒(HIV)、梅毒感染状况,探讨针对该人群的干预策略.[方法]2007年8～10月,对北京市大兴区151名性服务小姐进行调查与检测.[结果]调查151人,艾滋病知识总知晓率为67.80%.1个月内商业性性行为时每次都用安全套的占27.80%.检测151人,HIV抗体均阴性,梅毒抗体阳性率为1.32%.[结论]娱乐场所性服务小姐艾滋病知识知晓率与安全套使用率均较低.     

肾衰方治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的临床研究

目的：探讨肾衰方对脾肾虚衰、湿浊瘀阻型慢性肾功能衰竭（CRF）的作用。方法：125例中医辨证为脾肾虚衰、湿浊瘀阻型CRF患者随机分成两组,治疗组75例以自拟肾衰方加西药治疗,对照组50例单用西药治疗,6个月后观察两组的疗效及肾功能、血色素、蛋白尿、血脂等相关指标的变化情况。结果：治疗组总有效率为77.33%,明显优于对照组44.00%（P〈0.01）;治疗组在改善肾功能、降低蛋白尿、升高血色素、改善血脂代谢方面明显优于对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：肾衰方能有效治疗脾肾虚衰、湿浊瘀阻型CRF。     

叶酸对突发性耳聋患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平的影响

目的探讨叶酸降低突发性耳聋(SSHL)患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(tHcy)水平的作用及其使用的最适剂量。方法以10次随机抽样获得的210例SSHL患者作为研究对象。除采用相同的常规治疗外,患者每天口服不同剂量的叶酸(0.2、0.4、0.8、2.0、5.0、10.0、15.0 mg,A~G组)及相同剂量的维生素B6、B12。采用荧光偏振法分别检测治疗前和治疗后3个月的血浆tHcy水平。另以210例有血浆tHcy检测资料的非SSHL者作为对照组。就SSHL组与对照组以及SSHL组中A~G组的tHcy水平进行统计学分析。结果SSHL组血浆tHcy水平为(18.07±1.58)μmol/L,显著高于对照组的(13.63±1.33)μmol/L(P<0.001)。A~G组的tHcy水平分别较治疗前下降12%、19%、22%、23%、24%、29%和26%;A~G组在听力恢复方面的组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论SSHL患者血浆tHcy水平明显升高。叶酸在降低SSHL患者tHcy水平方面可能起重要作用,10 mg/d是值得推荐的口服最适剂量。     

重症监护及移植病房环境真菌监测研究

目的研究重症监护及移植病房环境中真菌的浓度,菌种分布类型,并分析其与季节、温湿度、通风状况以及病房内活动人员的关系,为医院真菌感染的预防和治疗提供参考。方法2005年11月4日-2006年10月24日,对西南医院肝移植病房、脑外ICU与中心ICU空气、物体表面、水源以及外界空气等环境标本进行每月两次的分离培养。结果肝移植病房、脑外ICU、中心ICU及外界空气真菌浓度分别为123.63、139.90、7.00、214.00CFU/m3;空气和物体表面中常见的5种真菌为青霉属、枝孢霉属、链格孢霉属、曲霉菌属和酵母菌属;水源中常见真菌为酵母菌属、假丝酵母菌属、曲霉菌属、青霉属、红酵母属;肝移植病房和脑外ICU空气真菌浓度与病房温度、湿度具有相关性;而与活动人员不具有相关性。结论真菌广泛存在医院环境中,空气中真菌全年均有分布,且5-6、9-10月为2个高峰期,室内外峰期基本一致。     

表皮生长因子在小鼠肾脏远端小管发育中的表达

目的观察表皮生长因子（EGF）在小鼠肾脏远端小管发育中的表达，探讨其在小鼠肾脏远端小管发育中的作用。方法采用免疫组化、免疫荧光、Western blot技术结合体视学分析方法检测生后1、3、5、6、7、14、21、28和40天小鼠肾脏远端小管EGF的表达特征。结果EGF于生后6d开始出现在肾皮、髓质交界处的远直小管上皮细胞，之后随着日龄的增加其表达量逐渐增加，表达于皮、髓质远直小管，21天同成年鼠表达于远直小管和远曲小管第一段。结论EGF对小鼠肾脏远端小管的分化、生长发育起重要作用。     

红霉素致小鼠肝脏毒性效应的基因表达谱变化

目的 利用小鼠毒理基因芯片观察红霉素致balb/c小鼠肝脏毒性效应的基因表达谱变化.方法 建立红霉素致balb/c小鼠肝毒性效应模型,利用本室构建的小鼠毒理基因芯片检测1、3、7d小鼠肝脏基因表达谱变化,结合层次聚类和生物信息数据库检索对差异表达基因进行初步信息分析.结果 各时相组共发现239个差异表达基因,其基本表达模式分为4群,结合功能分析涉及脂肪分解代谢、蛋白质合成与降解、氧化应激、炎症发生、凋亡相关信号转导等多方面机制.结论 毒理芯片的检测展示了红霉素致肝脏毒性效应的基因表达谱变化基本轮廓,为进一步阐明其肝毒性机制提供了众多线索.     

Fine structure of human oogonia in the foetal ovary

Foetal ovarian tissue is now being cultured or frozen, to generate oocytes for assisted reproduction, an emerging technology. This study examines the ultrastructure of oogonia at 13-15 weeks of gestation, which could be used as a control for culture and freezing of foetal ovaries. Oogonia are largely located in the ovarian cortex, whilst primordial germ cells (PGC) and somatic follicle cells compose the surface epithelium. Oogonia and PGC have large vesicular nuclei with clear cytoplasm, compared to dense follicle cells, which have polymorphic nuclei. Follicle cells intermingle with oogonia and establish close contacts - beginning of folliculogenesis. Nuclei of oogonia contain one to three highly reticulated nucleoli, reflecting high levels of RNA synthesis at the onset of growth. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) form stacks of cisternae associated with numerous ribosomes. Prominent organelles in the ooplasm are elongated mitochondria with dense matrices and tubular cristate presenting a multilocular appearance. Typical Golgi complexes, dense bodies and clear vacuoles are present and microfilaments are located beneath the plasma membrane. The most remarkable feature of oogonia is that they have typical juxtanuclear centrioles (diplosomes) with dense pericentriolar material, which nucleate microtubules, characteristic of functional centrosomes organizing the cytoskeleton. The mature oocyte has no centrioles, since the maternal centrosome is inactivated or reduced, while the paternal is dominant. Centrioles are most likely involved in mitosis of oogonia.     

4个与营养代谢相关基因对小鼠的血清生化指标的影响

目的研究4个与营养代谢相关基因(DL、Tr、Pe、P3)对BALB/c小鼠的血液生化指标的影响。方法将4个基因的反义核酸微量定量注入小鼠侧脑室。设反义核酸实验组、随机序列核酸对照组和生理盐水对照组3组;3次注射后于第4天取血清进行生化指标测定。结果DL和Tr实验组与对照组分别在6项指标上有显著性差异,Pe实验组、P3实验组与对照组分别有4项和3项指标有显著性差异。结论3个反义核酸实验组(DL、Tr和P3)BABL/c小鼠的血中甘油三酯含量都显著高于对照组,尤其是Tr反义核酸实验组的胆固醇含量也显著高于对照组,且都超出正常值范围,进一步证明Tr基因与脂类代谢有一定的相关性。另外上述3个反义核酸实验组(DL、Tr和P3)的血中葡萄糖含量也明显高于对照组并超出正常值范围,说明这些基因还可能与糖代谢相关。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在酒精性肝病大鼠中的表达及抗纤复方1号对其影响

目的：探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（BFGF）在酒精性肝病大鼠肝脏中的表达及抗纤复方I号对其表达的影响。方法：Wistar大鼠给予乙醇8～10g·kg^-1·^-1，3次灌胃12周制备酒精性肝病大鼠模型为酒精组，对照组给予等量生理盐水，中药组在给予同酒精组等量乙醇的基础上，给予抗纤复方I号水煎剂4．0mL·ks^-1·d^-1，2次灌胃，共12周。实验4、8、12周末分批处死动物，HE及VG染色观察肝脏组织学改变。应用免疫组织化学技术检测BFGF在酒精性肝病过程中的定位及表达，并用病理图象分析仪对其结果进行半定量分析。结果：造模12周时，酒精组大鼠肝脏呈现重度脂肪变性，点片状肝细胞坏死及炎性细胞浸润，纤维条索形成；而中药组大鼠仅呈现轻度脂肪变，无纤维条索形成。BFGF表达在正常对照组主要位于血管内皮细胞的胞浆中，中药组表达同正常对照组基本一致；在酒精组BFGF的表达除位于血管内皮细胞外，还位于窦周细胞、纤维间隔内浸润细胞的胞浆及汇管区、纤维间隔区的细胞外基质中。结论：在酒精性肝病BFGF的表达增强，抗纤复方I号能降低其表达。     

DNA testing for fragile X syndrome in schools for learning difficulties

Fragile X syndrome is the most common inherited cause of mental retardation. Early diagnosis is important not only for appropriate management of individuals but also to identify carriers who are unaware of their high risk of having an affected child. The disorder is associated with a cytogenetically visible fragile site (FRAXA) at Xq27.3, caused by amplification of a (CGG)n repeat sequence within the gene at this locus designated FMR1. Clinical and molecular studies have been undertaken to screen for fragile X syndrome in 154 children with moderate and severe learning difficulties of previously unknown origin. Southern blot analysis of peripheral blood showed the characteristic abnormally large (CGG)n repeat sequence associated with fragile X syndrome in four of the 154 children. The findings were confirmed by cytogenetic observation of the fragile site and by further molecular studies. The families of the affected children were offered genetic counselling and DNA tests to determine their carrier status. These findings show that there are still unrecognised cases of fragile X syndrome. Given the difficulty of making a clinical diagnosis and the implications for families when the diagnosis is missed, screening in high risk populations may be justified. The issues involved in screening all children in special schools for fragile X syndrome are discussed.