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71.
Vivolo-Kantor Alana M. Niolon Phyllis Holditch Estefan Lianne Fuino Le Vi Donna Tracy Allison J. Latzman Natasha E. Little Todd D. Lang Kyle M. DeGue Sarah Tharp Andra Teten 《Prevention science》2021,22(2):162-162
Prevention Science - The article “Middle School Effects of the Dating Matters® Comprehensive Teen Dating Violence Prevention Model on Physical Violence, Bullying, and Cyberbullying: a... 相似文献
72.
Karin Coyle Pamela Anderson B.A. Laris Mia Barrett Tracy Unti Elizabeth Baumler 《The Journal of adolescent health》2021,68(4):686-695
PurposeTo evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based comprehensive sexual health curriculum (FLASH) on high-school students’ sexual behavior and related outcomes.MethodsA cohort of 1,597 9th and 10th grade students representing 20 schools from two regions in the U.S. (Midwest and South) were enrolled and completed the baseline survey. Following baseline, the 20 schools were randomly assigned to receive FLASH (n = 10 schools, five per region) or a knowledge-based sexual health curriculum (n = 10 schools, five per region). Follow-up surveys were administered at 3 months and 12 months after the instruction period.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between conditions for the overall sample on rates of vaginal sex in the past 3 months or the rates of vaginal sex without a condom or other birth control. In supplementary subgroup analyses of students who were not sexually experienced at baseline, FLASH showed a statistically significant protective impact at the 3-month follow-up on vaginal sex without a condom or birth control (p = .04). FLASH also showed statistically significant gains in psychosocial outcomes, such as refusal and condom use self-efficacy, attitudes toward birth control and condoms, and perceived norms.ConclusionsFLASH demonstrated consistent short-term and long-term impacts on key behavioral determinants. It also showed a significant impact on vaginal sex without a condom or other birth control for the subgroup of students who were not sexually experienced at baseline. Behavioral impacts were not evident for the entire study population. 相似文献
73.
Frederick Thurston Drake Melanie L. Lyden Jennifer H. Kuo Wen T. Shen Lilah F. Morris-Wiseman Sally E. Carty Tracy S. Wang 《Surgery》2021,169(3):488-495
BackgroundApproximately 80% of general surgery residents undertake some form of fellowship training. Our objective was to characterize goals and burdens of the interview process among applicants to Comprehensive Endocrine Surgery Fellowship programs.MethodsParticipants included trainees from 2013 to 2019. Results for ranking questions are presented as a mean rank reported out of the total number of selections.ResultsResponse rate was 54% (n = 75). The most important goal for interviews was meeting the faculty (mean rank 2.4/9), followed by “behind the scenes information” and “make a good impression” (mean rank 3.6 and 3.7, respectively). The most substantial burden for the applicant was expense (mean rank 2.1/7), followed by time away from residency (mean rank 3.1/7). The economic burden of 51% of the applicants was $2,500 to $7,500. Geographic location and expense were the top 2 reasons applicants declined offers of interviews. Despite the process, 76% of respondents indicated that no improvements to the interview process are necessary. Alternative strategies such as videoconferencing or centralized interviews received little support (<10%).ConclusionDespite identifying several burdens, survey respondents believed that in-person interviews are an integral component of the fellowship application process. Indeed, 70% of applicants do not have a first-choice program before interviews, and meeting the faculty is ranked as the greatest priority goal. Our data illustrate the importance of individual specialties evaluating and optimizing their own processes for fellowship interviews. 相似文献
74.
Carlos R Ferreira Dillon Kavanagh Ralf Oheim Kristin Zimmerman Julian Stürznickel Xiaofeng Li Paul Stabach R Luke Rettig Logan Calderone Colin MacKichan Aaron Wang Hunter A Hutchinson Tracy Nelson Steven M Tommasini Simon von Kroge Imke AK Fiedler Ethan R Lester Gilbert W Moeckel Björn Busse Thorsten Schinke Thomas O Carpenter Michael A Levine Mark C Horowitz Demetrios T Braddock 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2021,36(5):942-955
Inactivating mutations in human ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP1) may result in early-onset osteoporosis (EOOP) in haploinsufficiency and autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets (ARHR2) in homozygous deficiency. ARHR2 patients are frequently treated with phosphate supplementation to ameliorate the rachitic phenotype, but elevating plasma phosphorus concentrations in ARHR2 patients may increase the risk of ectopic calcification without increasing bone mass. To assess the risks and efficacy of conventional ARHR2 therapy, we performed comprehensive evaluations of ARHR2 patients at two academic medical centers and compared their skeletal and renal phenotypes with ENPP1-deficient Enpp1asj/asj mice on an acceleration diet containing high phosphate treated with recombinant murine Enpp1-Fc. ARHR2 patients treated with conventional therapy demonstrated improvements in rickets, but all adults and one adolescent analyzed continued to exhibit low bone mineral density (BMD). In addition, conventional therapy was associated with the development of medullary nephrocalcinosis in half of the treated patients. Similar to Enpp1asj/asj mice on normal chow and to patients with mono- and biallelic ENPP1 mutations, 5-week-old Enpp1asj/asj mice on the high-phosphate diet exhibited lower trabecular bone mass, reduced cortical bone mass, and greater bone fragility. Treating the Enpp1asj/asj mice with recombinant Enpp1-Fc protein between weeks 2 and 5 normalized trabecular bone mass, normalized or improved bone biomechanical properties, and prevented the development of nephrocalcinosis and renal failure. The data suggest that conventional ARHR2 therapy does not address low BMD inherent in ENPP1 deficiency, and that ENPP1 enzyme replacement may be effective for correcting low bone mass in ARHR2 patients without increasing the risk of nephrocalcinosis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). 相似文献
75.
Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip Grace Chung-Yan Lui Vincent Wai-Sun Wong Viola Chi-Ying Chow Tracy Hang-Yee Ho Timothy Chun-Man Li Yee-Kit Tse Peter Ka-Fung Chiu Chi-Fai Ng David Shu-Cheong Hui Henry Lik-Yuen Chan Cheuk-Chun Szeto Grace Lai-Hung Wong 《Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN》2021,32(4):961
BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are closely related. The effect of AKI on the clinical outcomes of these two conditions is unclear.MethodsThis retrospective, territory-wide cohort study used an electronic public healthcare database in Hong Kong to identify patients with SARS or COVID-19 by diagnosis codes, virologic results, or both. The primary endpoint was a composite of intensive care unit admission, use of invasive mechanical ventilation, and/or death.ResultsWe identified 1670 patients with SARS and 1040 patients with COVID-19 (median ages, 41 versus 35 years, respectively). Among patients with SARS, 26% met the primary endpoint versus 5.3% of those with COVID-19. Diabetes mellitus, abnormal liver function, and AKI were factors significantly associated with the primary endpoint among patients with either SARS or COVID-19. Among patients with SARS, 7.9%, 2.1%, and 3.7% developed stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 AKI, respectively; among those with COVID-19, 6.6%, 0.4%, and 1.1% developed stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 AKI, respectively. In both groups, factors significantly associated with AKI included diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Among patients with AKI, those with COVID-19 had a lower rate of major adverse clinical outcomes versus patients with SARS. Renal function recovery usually occurred within 30 days after an initial AKI event.ConclusionsAKI rates were higher among patients with SARS than those with COVID-19. AKI was associated with major adverse clinical outcomes for both diseases. Patients with diabetes mellitus and abnormal liver function were also at risk of developing severe consequences after SARS and COVID-19 infection. 相似文献
76.
Herremans Kelly M. Cribbin Morgan P. Riner Andrea N. Neal Dan W. Hollen Tracy L. Clevenger Pamela Munoz Derly Blewett Shannon Giap Fantine Okunieff Paul G. Mendenhall Nancy P. Bradley Julie A. Mendenhall William M. Mailhot-Vega Raymond B. Brooks Eric Daily Karen C. Heldermon Coy D. Marshall Julia K. Hanna Mariam W. Leyngold Mark M. Virk Sarah S. Shaw Christiana M. Spiguel Lisa R. 《Annals of surgical oncology》2021,28(10):5775-5787
Annals of Surgical Oncology - Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a source of postoperative morbidity for breast cancer survivors. Lymphatic microsurgical preventive healing approach... 相似文献
77.
78.
S Shea C R Isasi S Couch T J Starc R P Tracy R Deckelbaum P Talmud L Berglund S E Humphries 《American journal of epidemiology》1999,150(7):737-746
Higher plasma fibrinogen levels are associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction in adults, but little is known about factors that influence fibrinogen levels in childhood. The authors examined the associations of measures of obesity, presence of the (G-455-->A) allele in the beta-fibrinogen promoter gene, and family history of early onset of ischemic heart disease with plasma fibrinogen levels in children. Children (n = 299) were recruited during 1994-1997 from 276 families living in a racially mixed area of New York City. The mean age of the study children was 9.9 years; 79% were Hispanic. The frequency of the (G-455-->A) allele was lower in Hispanics than in non-Hispanic Whites (15.5% vs. 28.3% in children (p < 0.01) and 13.9% vs. 28.3% in parents (p < 0.001)). Graded relations of children's plasma fibrinogen levels were found with tertiles of body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2) and sum of skinfolds (tests for linear trend: p < 0.001). Plasma fibrinogen levels in the children were not related to race/ethnicity, presence of the (G-455-->A) allele, or family history. Multiple linear regression analyses adjusting plasma fibrinogen levels for age, sex, race/ethnicity, the (G-455-->A) allele, and family history of early onset of heart disease showed a significant association with either body mass index or sum of skinfolds (p < 0.001 for both models) but not with the other variables. 相似文献
79.
A method for identifying comparison counties: application to a rural telemedicine evaluation project
Hicks LL Koenig SE Boles KE Madsen RW Kling BW Mitchell JA Webb WD Tracy JA 《Journal of telemedicine and telecare》1999,5(3):182-188
The evaluation of telemedicine activity in rural communities is complicated by the fact that most telemedicine sites are chosen because of their existing telecommunications infrastructure and institutional relationships, not by a random selection process. In addition, it is difficult to draw conclusions about the effects of telemedicine without a careful analysis of parallel changes in communities which do not have access to telemedicine services. We have developed a method of identifying comparable counties based on an aggregate measure of health status. A set of 66 variables was collected in a previous project to develop a model to evaluate the relative health status of the population in Missouri. A stepwise regression was used to identify a subset of 15 variables that had the highest predictive value for the health status of a county. Distance measures were then used to identify six counties which were most similar to three telemedicine counties. The method can be used with any study set chosen non-randomly, to identify similar objects that can be used for comparative purposes. 相似文献
80.
Tracy Roberts BSc MPhil RGN Stirling Bryan BSc MSc Chris Heginbotham BSc MSc MA & Alison McCallum MB ChB MSc FFPHM 《Health expectations》1999,2(4):235-244
Background Public involvement in health care decision making and priority setting in the UK is being promoted by recent policy initiatives. In 1993, the British Medical Association called for public consultation where rationing of services was to be undertaken. The approach to priority setting advocated by many health economists is the maximization of quality adjusted life years (QALYs). Typically, for a particular health care programme, the QALY calculation takes account of four features: (1) the number of patients receiving the programme, (2) the survival gain, (3) the gain in quality of life and, (4) the probability of treatment success. Only one feature, that relating to quality of life, is based upon public preferences. If the QALY is to be used as a tool for health care resource allocation at a societal level then it should incorporate broader societal preferences.
Methods This study used an interview-based survey of 91 members of the general public to explore whether the traditional QALY maximization model is a good predictor of public responses to health care priority setting choices.
Results and conclusions Many respondents did not choose consistently in line with a QALY maximization objective and were most influenced by quality of life concerns. There was little support for health care programmes that provided a prognostic improvement but left patients in relatively poor states of health. The level of respondent engagement in the survey exercise was not sensitive to the provision of supporting clinical information. 相似文献
Methods This study used an interview-based survey of 91 members of the general public to explore whether the traditional QALY maximization model is a good predictor of public responses to health care priority setting choices.
Results and conclusions Many respondents did not choose consistently in line with a QALY maximization objective and were most influenced by quality of life concerns. There was little support for health care programmes that provided a prognostic improvement but left patients in relatively poor states of health. The level of respondent engagement in the survey exercise was not sensitive to the provision of supporting clinical information. 相似文献