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61.
Pharmacological modulation of pain-related brain activity during normal and central sensitization states in humans 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6 下载免费PDF全文
Iannetti GD Zambreanu L Wise RG Buchanan TJ Huggins JP Smart TS Vennart W Tracey I 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2005,102(50):18195-18200
Abnormal processing of somatosensory inputs in the central nervous system (central sensitization) is the mechanism accounting for the enhanced pain sensitivity in the skin surrounding tissue injury (secondary hyperalgesia). Secondary hyperalgesia shares clinical characteristics with neurogenic hyperalgesia in patients with neuropathic pain. Abnormal brain responses to somatosensory stimuli have been found in patients with hyperalgesia as well as in normal subjects during experimental central sensitization. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of gabapentin, a drug effective in neuropathic pain patients, on brain processing of nociceptive information in normal and central sensitization states. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in normal volunteers, we studied the gabapentin-induced modulation of brain activity in response to nociceptive mechanical stimulation of normal skin and capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia. The dose of gabapentin was 1,800 mg per os, in a single administration. We found that (i) gabapentin reduced the activations in the bilateral operculoinsular cortex, independently of the presence of central sensitization; (ii) gabapentin reduced the activation in the brainstem, only during central sensitization; (iii) gabapentin suppressed stimulus-induced deactivations, only during central sensitization; this effect was more robust than the effect on brain activation. The observed drug-induced effects were not due to changes in the baseline fMRI signal. These findings indicate that gabapentin has a measurable antinociceptive effect and a stronger antihyperalgesic effect most evident in the brain areas undergoing deactivation, thus supporting the concept that gabapentin is more effective in modulating nociceptive transmission when central sensitization is present. 相似文献
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Beverley M Essue Merel Kimman Nina Svenstrup Katharina Lindevig Kjoege Tracey Lea Laba Maree L Hackett Stephen Jan 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2015,93(2):102-112B
Objective
To determine the nature, scope and effectiveness of interventions to reduce the household economic burden of illness or injury.Methods
We systematically reviewed reports published on or before 31 January 2014 that we found in the CENTRAL, CINAHL, Econlit, Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE and PsycINFO databases. We extracted data from prospective controlled trials and assessed the risk of bias. We narratively synthesized evidence.Findings
Nine of the 4330 studies checked met our inclusion criteria – seven had evaluated changes to existing health-insurance programmes and two had evaluated different modes of delivering information. The only interventions found to reduce out-of-pocket expenditure significantly were those that eliminated or substantially reduced co-payments for a given patient population. However, the reductions only represented marginal changes in the total expenditures of patients. We found no studies that had been effective in addressing broader household economic impacts – such as catastrophic health expenditure – in the disease populations investigated.Conclusion
In general, interventions designed to reduce the complex household economic burden of illness and injury appear to have had little impact on household economies. We only found a few relevant studies using rigorous study designs that were conducted in defined patient populations. The studies were limited in the range of interventions tested and they evaluated only a narrow range of household economic outcomes. There is a need for method development to advance the measurement of the household economic consequences of illness and injury and facilitate the development of innovative interventions to supplement the strategies based on health insurance. 相似文献66.
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Manu Shankar-Hari Deepankar Datta Julie Wilson Valentina Assi Jacqueline Stephen Christopher J. Weir Jillian Rennie Jean Antonelli Anthony Bateman Jennifer M. Felton Noel Warner Kevin Judge Jim Keenan Alice Wang Tony Burpee Alun K. Brown Sion M. Lewis Tracey Mare Alistair I. Roy John Wright Gillian Hulme Ian Dimmick Alasdair Gray Adriano G. Rossi A. John Simpson Andrew Conway Morris Timothy S. Walsh 《Intensive care medicine》2018,44(11):1836-1848
Purpose
Reliable biomarkers for predicting subsequent sepsis among patients with suspected acute infection are lacking. In patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with suspected acute infection, we aimed to evaluate the reliability and discriminant ability of 47 leukocyte biomarkers as predictors of sepsis (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score?≥?2 at 24 h and/or 72 h following ED presentation).Methods
In a multi-centre cohort study in four EDs and intensive care units (ICUs), we standardised flow-cytometric leukocyte biomarker measurement and compared patients with suspected acute infection (cohort-1) with two comparator cohorts: ICU patients with established sepsis (cohort-2), and ED patients without infection or systemic inflammation but requiring hospitalization (cohort-3).Results
Between January 2014 and February 2016, we recruited 272, 59 and 75 patients to cohorts 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Of 47 leukocyte biomarkers, 14 were non-reliable, and 17 did not discriminate between the three cohorts. Discriminant analyses for predicting sepsis within cohort-1 were undertaken for eight neutrophil (cluster of differentiation antigens (CD) CD15; CD24; CD35; CD64; CD312; CD11b; CD274; CD279), seven monocyte (CD35; CD64; CD312; CD11b; HLA-DR; CD274; CD279) and a CD8 T-lymphocyte biomarker (CD279). Individually, only higher neutrophil CD279 [OR 1.78 (95% CI 1.23–2.57); P?=?0.002], higher monocyte CD279 [1.32 (1.03–1.70); P?=?0.03], and lower monocyte HLA-DR [0.73 (0.55–0.97); P?=?0.03] expression were associated with subsequent sepsis. With logistic regression the optimum biomarker combination was increased neutrophil CD24 and neutrophil CD279, and reduced monocyte HLA-DR expression, but no combination had clinically relevant predictive validity.Conclusions
From a large panel of leukocyte biomarkers, immunosuppression biomarkers were associated with subsequent sepsis in ED patients with suspected acute infection.Clinical trial registration
NCT02188992.68.
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Budhwani Henna Gakumo C. Ann Yigit Ibrahim Rice Whitney S. Fletcher Faith E. Whitfield Samantha Ross Shericia Konkle-Parker Deborah J. Cohen Mardge H. Wingood Gina M. Metsch Lisa R. Adimora Adaora A. Taylor Tonya N. Wilson Tracey E. Weiser Sheri D. Sosanya Oluwakemi Goparaju Lakshmi Gange Stephen Kempf Mirjam-Colette Turan Bulent Turan Janet M. 《AIDS and behavior》2022,26(5):1422-1430
AIDS and Behavior - In this mixed-methods study, we examine the relationship between provider communication and patient health literacy on HIV continuum of care outcomes among women living with HIV... 相似文献
70.
HMGB1 in sepsis 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7