宫腔声学造影在诊断及处理宫内节育器嵌顿中的价值

目的 评价宫腔声学造影（SHG）在诊断及处理宫内节育器（IUD）嵌顿中的价值。方法 应用SHG对18例疑IUD嵌顿的带器患者进行检查，并根据SHG检查结果予以相应处理。结果 SHG显示IUD浅嵌顿10例、深嵌顿4例、IUD下移1例及双器1例。除1例放弃取器外，17例病人经适当手术方法取出IUD。结论 宫腔声学造影是诊断IUD嵌顿的一种简便、有效的新方法，其结果有助于临床处理中取器方法的选择。     

大肠癌Lovo细胞E-Cadherin,N-Cadherin的表达及化学治疗药物对其表达的影响

目的：研究大肠癌Lovo细胞上皮钙粘附素(E-Cadherin)，神经钙粘附素(N-Cadherin)的表达及常用化学治疗药物对其表达的影响。方法：应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测大肠癌Lovo细胞E-Cad-herin，N-Cadherin的表达，并通过几种不同的化疗药物(顺铂、吡柔比星、丝裂霉素、5-FU)不同浓度和时间作用后，对E-Cadherin，N-Cadherin表达的影响。结果：不同化疗药物对大肠癌Lovo细胞N=Cadherin表达无影响，高浓度顺铂和高浓度吡柔比星二组出现-Cadherin表达，其它各组未见表达。结论：大肠癌常用的化疗药物无论低浓度持续用药，还是高浓度短时间用药，对大肠癌Lovo细胞N-Cadherin的表达无抑制作用，说明上述药物不能通过抑制N—Cadherin的表达，而起到抗癌作用。高浓度顺铂和吡柔比星二组显示E-Cadherin的表达，表现出抑癌的作用，从而提示在大肠癌化疗时，顺铂和吡柔比星更适合于高浓度短时间应用。     

24例阴道肿瘤的B超诊断

目的 通过对24例阴道肿瘤患者的B超声像图分析，总结B超诊断阴道肿瘤的方法。方法 收集24例1995～2002年，我院门诊及住院患者的病史资料及声像图，结合病理结果分析声像图特征，并与病理加以对照。结果 24例患者声像图表现为囊性、实质性、囊实性肿瘤。结论 通过对声像图的分析，探讨了B超诊断阴道肿瘤的可行性、声像图特征及该方法的局限性。     

Cortical asymmetry--a preliminary study: neurons-glia, female-male

Previous studies on human cortical area 39 suggested that neuron:glial ratios differed between the sexes. These findings were the inspiration for the present investigation which dealt with neuronal and glial counts in area 39 in the male and female rat cerebral cortex. Transverse, celloidin or frozen sections, were cut from male and female brains (respectively) from 90-day-old Long-Evans rats. Neurons and glia were counted on enlarged photographs of stained sections, including area 39, with 35-mm Kodak Panatomic-X film using a Zeiss photomicroscope (X400). Five-by-three-inch prints were taped together in sequence to yield a 640X enlarged "montage" of area 39. Five cell types were differentiated with reference to a standard: neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, "dark astrocytes," and unidentified glia. The data were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA: five cell types by two hemispheres). Student's t test and a paired t test were used when appropriate. The neuron:glial ratios in the male rats were consistently higher than those in the females in both hemispheres. The male right side had 12% (P less than 0.05) more neurons than the left; the female had 13% (P less than 0.05) more neurons on the left than the right. Similar, but not identical, asymmetrical patterns were seen with the glial cells.     

偏头痛与卵圆孔未闭的研究进展

偏头痛是临床常见的慢性致残性的神经系统疾病,超过半数的患者会因为偏头痛的发作而影响正常生活。近年来,大量研究表明偏头痛与卵圆孔未闭之间存在着一定的联系,但因为卵圆孔未闭发病率较高且引发偏头痛发作的病理机制不明,两者之间的因果关系尚存争议,经皮卵圆孔封堵术是否为治疗卵圆孔未闭合并偏头痛的有效治疗手段亦成为研究热点。该文将围绕卵圆孔未闭与偏头痛的相关性、两者间可能存在的发病机制以及封堵术治疗偏头痛的疗效展开综述。     

Hemolytic uremic syndrome after bone marrow transplantation: clinical characteristics and outcome in children.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We retrospectively studied the medical records of 293 children who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between 1992 and 1999 to describe the clinical course of and to identify risk factors for transplant-associated HUS. Conditioning regimens included cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, and total body irradiation for patients with hematologic malignancies (n = 244); patients with nonmalignant diseases (n = 49) received disease-specific regimens. Grafts from unrelated or mismatched related donors were depleted of T lymphocytes, whereas matched sibling grafts were unmanipulated. All patients received cyclosporine as prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease. Recipients of grafts from matched siblings also received pentoxifylline or short-course methotrexate. HUS developed in 28 (9.6%) patients at a median of 171 days after transplantation. We identified older donor age (P = .029), use of antithymocyte globulin in the conditioning regimen (P = .008), and recipient CMV seronegativity (P = .011) as being associated with an increased risk of HUS. With a multiple regression analysis, the use of antithymocyte globulin (beta = .86; P = .04) and recipient cytomegalovirus seronegativity (beta = .93; P = .035) remained significant risk factors for the development of HUS.     

ETV6/RUNX1 fusion at diagnosis and relapse: some prognostic indications

This study was undertaken in order to compare the interphase and metaphase cytogenetics of 28 patients with ETV6/RUNX1 positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, at diagnosis and relapse. The median time to relapse was 26 months. The significant fusion positive population heterogeneity revealed at interphase by a commercial probe for ETV6/RUNX1 fusion has not been described before. Six diagnostic samples had a single abnormal population; others had up to five each, which differed in the numbers of RUNX1 signals, and in the retention or loss of the second ETV6 signal. In contrast, the number of fusion signals was more constant. At relapse, there were fewer populations; the largest or unique clone was sometimes a re-emergence of a minor, diagnostic one, with a retained copy of ETV6 and the most RUNX1 signals. Abnormal, fusion negative clones were identified in bone marrow samples at extra-medullary relapse. Variant three or four-way translocations, which involved chromosomes 12 and 21, were prominent among the complex rearrangements revealed by metaphase FISH. The frequency of their occurrence at diagnosis and reappearance at relapse, sometimes accompanied by minor clonal evolution, was another new observation. Other recurrent cytogenetic features included a second copy of the fusion signal in six cases, partial duplication of the long arm of the X chromosome in two cases, and trisomy 10 in three cases. In comparing our data with previously reported cases, a picture is beginning to emerge of certain diagnostic features, which may provide circumstantial evidence of an increased risk of relapse.