复方丹参片质量标准的沿革与质控技术的研究进展

综述复方丹参片制法工艺与质量控制标准的沿革,以及近年来对复方丹参片质量控制技术的研究进展;进一步分析其存在问题,并提出应提倡丹参多成分的检测、增加三七指标成分的测定、补充冰片的质量控制标准及加强指纹图谱研究等改进建议。     

不同浓度硫化氢托马斯液心脏保存效果的实验研究

目的探讨含有各种浓度硫化氢(H2S)的HST(H2S St.Thom asⅡsolutions)液对大鼠离体心脏的保存作用。方法将32只SD大鼠随机平均分为4组,分别用托马斯(St.Thom asⅡsolutions,STH)液(Ⅰ组)、含4×10-2mmol/L NaHS的HST液(Ⅱ组)、含4×10-1mmol/L NaHS的HST液(Ⅲ组)和含4mmol/L NaHS的HST液(Ⅳ组)对心脏进行保存。采用Langendorff心脏灌注和工作模型装置进行心脏功能测定,比较6 h后心功能恢复率以及能量变化、心肌含水量,观察心肌超微结构改变。结果心脏保存6 h后,Ⅳ组左心室功能损伤严重,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组左心室功能损伤较轻,其中Ⅲ组最轻。Ⅲ组冠状动脉流量(CF)恢复率较Ⅰ、Ⅳ组好;Ⅰ组心肌中ATP、乳酸(LD)、糖原含量及心肌含水量与其它3组比较,差异有统计学意义;Ⅳ组心脏复跳时间较Ⅰ组为长;心肌超微结构Ⅲ组损伤最轻;Ⅲ组心肌保存良好。结论HST保存液对大鼠心脏的保存在6 h内有明显的保护作用,效果优于STH液;含4×10-1mmol/L NaHS的HST液保存效果较好,而高浓度H2S对心肌有损害作用。     

Improving Anti-Coking Properties of Ni/Al2O3 Catalysts via Synergistic Effect of Metallic Nickel and Nickel Phosphides in Dry Methane Reforming

A series of NiP-x/Al₂O₃ catalysts containing different ratio of metallic nickel to nickel phosphides, prepared by varying Ni/P molar ratio of 4, 3, 2 through a co-impregnation method, were employed to investigate the synergistic effect of metallic nickel-nickel phosphides in dry methane reforming reaction. The Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst indicates good activity along with severe carbon deposition. The presence of phosphorus increases nickel dispersion as well as the interaction between nickel and alumina support, which results in smaller nickel particles. The co-existence of metallic nickel and nickel phosphides species is confirmed at all the P contained catalysts. Due to the relative stronger CO₂ dissociation ability, the NiP-x/Al₂O₃ catalysts indicate obvious higher resistance of carbon deposition. Furthermore, because of good balance between CH₄ dissociation and CO₂ dissociation, NiP-2/Al₂O₃ catalyst exhibits best resistance of carbon deposition, few carbon depositions were formed after 50 h of dry methane reforming.     

Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Mechanisms of As-Cast Antibacterial Ti6Al4V-5Cu Alloy for Isothermal Forging Process

The hot workability behavior of antibacterial Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy was investigated using a hot compression experiment in the temperature range of 790–1040 °C and strain rate of 10⁻³–10 s⁻¹ with a strain of 0.4. The deformation behavior of the alloy was characterized by Gleeble 3800 compression experiment, and the relationship among deformed microstructures and deformation parameters was established. The deformations of Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy were temperature and strain rate-dependent. Higher temperature and lower strain rate made power dissipation efficiency (η) increase and reach 89%. The activation energies (Q) in the dual-phase (α + β) and single β phase regions were calculated as 175.43 and 159.03 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. In the dual (α + β) phase region, with an increase in strain rate, flow-softening behavior was dominated, however in the single β phase region such as processing at 940 °C. Flow stress increased slightly in which work-hardening behavior was dominated (especially between strain rates of 10⁻³–1 s⁻¹). The deformation at various conditions exhibited different stress-strain profiles, providing an insight that work hardening and flow softening coexisted in Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy. The relative intensity of oscillatory change in flow stress profile decreased as the strain rate decreased. The hot workability of Ti6Al4V-5Cu alloy was also accessed from the viewpoint of the sub-grain structure.     

Test and Microstructural Analysis of a Steel Slag Cement-Based Material Using the Response Surface Method

In this study, the silica fume replacement rate, fly ash replacement rate, and curing temperature were regarded as the independent variables, and the compressive and flexural strengths were regarded as the response values. The response surface method was used to construct the response surface polynomial regression model and obtain the optimal preparation parameters of a steel slag cement-based gel slurry (SCGS). The univariate and multivariate effects on the SCGS’s strength were investigated via analysis of variance and a three-dimensional surface model, and the hydration products and strength development law were characterized via scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The actual compressive strengths at 3 and 28 d of age were 31.78 and 53.94 MPa, respectively, which were close to the predicted values (32.59 and 55.81 MPa, respectively), demonstrating that the optimized strengths were accurate and reliable. Further, the hydration reaction rate of SiO₂ in the silica fume and the physical filling effect of the inert components of fly ash and steel slag under the optimal parameters were the key factors for the early strength of the material. Moreover, continuous C₃S hydration in steel slag and the continuous excitation of the volcanic ash properties of fly ash were important factors for the later strength.     

The East Africa Consortium for human papillomavirus and cervical cancer in women living with HIV/AIDS

The East Africa Consortium was formed to study the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer and the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on HPV and cervical cancer, and to encourage collaborations between researchers in North America and East African countries. To date, studies have led to a better understanding of the influence of HIV infection on the detection and persistence of oncogenic HPV, the effects of dietary aflatoxin on the persistence of HPV, the benefits of antiretroviral therapy on HPV persistence, and the differences in HPV detections among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women undergoing treatment for cervical dysplasia by either cryotherapy or LEEP. It will now be determined how HPV testing fits into cervical cancer screening programs in Kenya and Uganda, how aflatoxin influences immunological control of HIV, how HPV alters certain genes involved in the growth of tumours in HIV-infected women. Although there have been challenges in performing this research, with time, this work should help to reduce the burden of cervical cancer and other cancers related to HIV infection in people living in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as optimized processes to better facilitate research as well as patient autonomy and safety.

KEY MESSAGES

• The East Africa Consortium was formed to study the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer and the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on HPV and cervical cancer.
• Collaborations have been established between researchers in North America and East African countries for these studies.
• Studies have led to a better understanding of the influence of HIV infection on the detection and persistence of oncogenic HPV, the effects of dietary aflatoxin on HPV detection, the benefits of antiretroviral therapy on HPV persistence, and the differences in HPV detections among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women undergoing treatment for cervical dysplasia by either cryotherapy or LEEP.

     

植物多糖对S_（180）细胞膜脂肪酸组成的影响

为了进一步探讨植物多糖与膜磷脂的关系，采用毛细管柱气相色谱法观察到在茯苓多糖（ＰＰＳ），刺五加多糖（ＡＳＰＳ）与Ｓ＿１８０细胞一同温育２４ｈ后，Ｓ＿１８０细胞膜中性脂的脂肪酸组成和不饱和性均未有明显变化。磷脂的脂肪酸组成发生明显改变，花生四烯酸（Ｃ＿（２０∶４），Ｐ＜０．０５）和豆蔻酸（Ｃ＿（１４∶０），Ｐ＜０．０１）的含量降低。上述结果与氨甲喋呤作用相似。讨论了膜磷脂脂肪酸组成变化的意义，认为在ＰＰＳ、ＡＳＰＳ的抗肿瘤机理中，细胞膜磷脂生化特性的改变是重要环节。     

老年人重症急性胰腺炎的临床特点

目的：总结老年重症急性胰腺炎的临床特点及治疗经验。方法：回顾性分析26例老年重症急性胰腺炎的临床资料,并与同期收治的56例非老年重症急性胰腺炎患者作比较。结果：胆源性和特发性胰腺炎是老年患者最常见病因;老年患者住院时间长,APACHEⅡ评分以及合并症和并发症的发生率均高于非老年患者,老年患者更易出现器官衰竭。结论：老年重症急性胰腺炎患者早期症状不典型,合并症比较多,病情复杂,宜早期积极预防和治疗并发症。     

Rational design of M–N4–Gr/V2C heterostructures as highly active ORR catalysts: a density functional theory study

Inspired by the composites of N-doped graphene and transition metal-based materials as well as MXene-based materials, heterostructures (M–N₄–Gr/V₂C) of eight different transition metals (M = Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) doped with nitrogen-coordinated graphene and V₂C as potential catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using density functional theory (DFT) were designed and are described herein. The calculations showed that the heterostructure catalysts (except for Zn–N₄–Gr/V₂C) were thermodynamically stable. Ni–N₄–Gr/V₂C and Co–N₄–Gr/V₂C showed higher activities towards the ORR, with overpotentials as low as 0.32 and 0.45 V, respectively. Excellent catalytic performance results were observed from the change in electronic structure caused by the strong interaction between V₂C and the graphene layers as well as the synergistic effect between the MN₄ groups and the graphene layers. This study further provides insights into the practical application of ORR catalysts for MXene systems through the modulation of the electronic structure of two-dimensional materials.

Heterostructures (M-N₄-Gr/V₂C) of eight different transition metals (M = Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) were designed as potential catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR).     

四种污染源气体颗粒物对大鼠血清肌红蛋白和脑钠肽的影响

【摘要】 目的 观察四种不同污染源气体颗粒物对大鼠血清肌红蛋白和脑钠肽水平的影响。方法 将70只成年SD大鼠随机分为对照组10只、汽车尾气组15只、煤烟组15只、燃烧秸秆组15只和自然空气组15只;按1mg/ml的相同的浓度气管内分别滴注汽车尾气、煤烟、燃烧秸秆、自然空气颗粒物悬液每天1次,一次01ml,连滴10天后,采用化学发光法动态检测5组的血清肌红蛋白（Mb）和脑钠肽（BNP）水平;计算HM/BM;CCK 8法检测大鼠心肌细胞的存活率,并观察心肌细胞的病理变化。结果 各研究组大鼠血清Mb的水平均有所升高,均在一定时间内达到峰值。血清中BNP水平也存在此类波动变化,BNP达到峰值的时间及恢复正常水平的时间比Mb水平晚,但升高的幅度大。汽车尾气组、煤烟组和自然空气组大鼠HM/BM明显升高,出现了不同程度的心肌细胞浸润、水肿、变性、坏死、纤维化;心肌细胞存活率明显下降;秸秆组大鼠HM/BM变化不明显,心肌病理出现了轻度的心肌细胞水肿、变性,HM/BM无明显升高,心肌细胞存活率下降不明显。结论 高浓度的汽车尾气、煤烟、燃烧秸秆、自然空气颗粒均可以引起大鼠的心肌损害。检测大鼠血清中肌红蛋白(Mb)和脑钠肽 (BNP)的水平对判断污染物对大鼠心肌损害程度具有重要意义。