The prevalence of LRRK2 Gly2385Arg variant in Chinese Han population with Parkinson's disease.

We conducted a case-control study to determine the prevalence of the LRRK2 Gly2385Arg variant in patients with Parkinson's disease in Han population in mainland China. Heterozygous LRRK2 Gly2385Arg variant was identified in 14 of 235 patients with Parkinson's disease (5.69%), but not in 214 unrelated healthy controls. Multivariate analysis indicated the frequency of Gly2385Arg variant in the female patients with early age at onset is higher than their male counterparts. The founder haplotype analysis showed the variant carriers shared the same founder. Clinically, the LRRK2 Gly2385Arg carriers presented with classical Parkinson's disease symptoms. Our study indicates that the LRRK2 Gly2385Arg variant is a potential ethnic-specific genetic risk factor of Parkinson's disease within Chinese Han ethnicity.     

褪黑素在鸡脊柱侧凸模型中的影响

目的　通过鸡松果体蒂部切断的方法 ,研究褪黑素在松果体切除鸡脊柱侧凸动物模型中的作用。方法　 10只刚孵育出的WhiteLeghorn鸡作为对照组 ,未行任何处理 ,控制白天 12h光照 (强度 5 0 0Lux)、夜间 12h完全黑暗 (强度 0 - 5lux)条件下饲养 ;2 0只WhiteLeghorn鸡在鸡龄 3d时行松果体切除 ,控制光照条件同对照组 ;2 0只WhiteLeghorn鸡 3d时行松果体蒂部切断术 ,控制光照同对照组。 5周时留取所有鸡白天 (mid -day)和夜间 (mid -night)的血清 ,用RIA试剂盒测定血清中褪黑素含量。所有的鸡处死后 ,取骨骼标本 ,行脊柱前后位平片检查。结果　 5周时 ,对照组褪黑素含量呈现明显白天低 (5 7.2 5± 7.4 3)pg/ml,夜间高 (2 5 7.92± 2 6 .0 9)pg/ml的周期性变化。松果体切除组褪黑素含量 ,白天为 (6 0 .0 5± 5 .4 8)pg/ml,夜间为 (5 5 .0 9± 8.35 )pg/ml,其分泌维持低水平。松果体蒂部切断组褪黑素含量 ,白天为 (5 8.77± 8.4 4 )pg/ml,夜间为 (2 4 8.4 7± 2 7.2 1)pg/ml,仍呈白天低 ,夜间高的周期性变化。X线检查 :对照组 10只鸡无脊柱侧凸发生 ;松果体切除组 2 0只鸡中 9只鸡发生了脊柱侧凸 ,发生率为 4 5 % ;松果体蒂部切断组 2 0只鸡中有 11只发生了侧弯 ,发生率为 5 5 %。结论　松果体切除和松果体蒂部     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the differentcharacteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with aseries of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown inthe EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take thefollowing pattern: adipose tissue＞cancerous tissue＞mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue andhealthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandulartissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in theEIS results.     

平喘合剂治疗小儿哮喘发作期的临床研究

认为哮喘是外因作用于内因的结果 ,痰瘀伏肺为其宿根 ,外邪引触伏痰、痰瘀胶结、阻塞气道、痰阻气逆为其病机 ,寒热夹杂为其病性。具有宣肺化痰、降气平喘、清热活血功效的中药平喘合剂可明显改善哮喘发作期患儿的肺通气功能 ,明显降低患儿血浆中sICAM 1、IgE水平 ,与对照组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 ) ,推测其作用机制可能与减轻气道阻塞、调节免疫反应及抑制气道炎症等多个环节有关     

角膜移植术后角膜在共焦显微镜下的形态学改变

目的：研究角膜移植术后角膜组织在共焦显微镜(Confocal microscopy)下的形态学改变。方法：应用Conoscan2．0共焦显微镜对板层角膜移植术后3～7d患者12例(12只眼)，术后1a患者8例(8只眼)，穿透性角膜移植术后3～7d患者10例(10只眼)，术后1a患者11例(11只眼)进行扫描检查，记录各层角膜图像。结果：板层角膜移植术后3～7d，植片中基质细胞较小，可见裂隙状暗纹和细小神经，层间为大面积高反光区，有点状颗粒沉积，植床水肿，细胞成像不清。移植术后1a，植片中未见神经，层间反光明显减弱，但仍有点状高反光颗粒沉积，植床中出现粗大裂隙状暗纹，内皮细胞密度正常。穿透角膜移植术后3～7d，植片中基质细胞“激活”，可见神经和后基质层的粗大暗纹，内皮细胞密度正常，细胞间可镶嵌有高反光点。术后1a，植片中基质细胞仍较小，未见神经，后基质层仍有裂隙状暗纹，内皮细胞体积增大，密度减少，高反光点消失。结论：Confoscan 2．0共焦显微镜可活体检查角膜移植术后角膜组织结构和细胞的病理改变，这对评估手术效果和临床观察以及跟踪随访具有重大意义。     

Effect of chronic selenite supplementation on selenium excretion and organ accumulation in rats

We examined the effect of chronic selenite supplementation on whole body and selected organ selenium (Se) accumulation, urine excretion of total Se and trimethylselenonium ion, and Se balance in adult male rats. Animals were housed in metabolic cages and given either deionized water or water containing 4 micrograms of Se/mL as selenite for 30 d. Absorption of selenite was nearly complete, with only approximately 10% of ingested Se appearing in feces. There was a rapid rise in urinary Se that reached a plateau within a few days and accounted for 54 +/- 2% of the intake. Excretion of trimethylselenonium ion (TMSe) in urine increased rapidly, representing 35-40% of urinary Se in the supplemented animals compared with only 2% for the control group. In one experiment, rats were killed at 30 d and total carcass Se was measured using isotope dilution analysis. Supplemented rats had only a modest increase in whole body Se (94 +/- 4 micrograms Se vs. 66 +/- 3 in controls). Calculation of Se balance in the supplemented rats showed that approximately 35% of ingested Se could not be accounted for by urine plus fecal losses combined with the portion retained in the carcass. The results from this study demonstrate that under the condition of supplementation at 4 micrograms of Se/mL of drinking water, pathways other than urinary and fecal excretion may account for a substantial portion of Se loss.     

Comparative inotropic effect of calcium, endothelin-1, and forskolin on ferret papillary muscles during acidosis

Summary— Acidosis affects multiple steps in the excitation-contraction coupling pathway of myocardium, producing decreased calcium sensitivity of myofibrils and modification of the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of three different classes of inotropic agents under acidotic conditions: 1) forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator that enhances cellular cyclic AMP concentrations, 2) elevated extracellular Ca²⁺ and 3) endothelin-1, an activator of the inositol triphosphate, diacylglycerol pathway. Ferret papillary muscles were mounted in organ baths containing normal physiological solution (pH = 7.4). After baseline tension was measured, the muscles were bathed in an acidotic solution (pH = 6.98) that decreased tension to 40% of the control; subsequently, the muscles were washed with normal physiological solution until they returned to baseline. Each inotropic agent was added to the bathing solution in a concentration sufficient to increase tension by 40% above the baseline. Then the solution was made acidotic (pH = 6.98) in the continuous presence of that concentration of inotropic agent and the resultant steady-state developed tension measured. The increases in tension induced by each inotropic agent at normal pH were adjusted to be similar; in contrast, the response to each drug in acidosis was significantly different. Under acidotic conditions, endothelin-1 was the most effective inotropic agent in restoring the depressed developed tension. This was possibly due to enhancement of the myofilament sensitivity to Ca²⁺, which was more effective than increasing [Ca²⁺]_i through elevating extracellular Ca²⁺ or the addition of forskolin which increased [Ca²⁺]_i but desensitized the myofilaments to Ca²⁺.