Microscopic Examination of Gallbladder Stones Improves Rate of Detection of Clonorchis sinensis Infection

To improve the rate of detection of Clonorchis sinensis infection, we compared different specimens from patients with cholecystolithiasis. Feces, gallbladder bile, and gallbladder stones collected from 179 consecutive patients with cholecystolithiasis underwent microscopic examination, and according to the results, 30 egg-positive and 30 egg-negative fecal, gallbladder bile, and gallbladder stone specimens, respectively, underwent real-time fluorescent PCR. The detection rates of eggs in feces, bile, and gallbladder stones were 30.7%, 44.7%, and 69.8%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The PCR results confirmed that the eggs in the specimens were C. sinensis eggs. Eggs in the feces were “fresh” and in the gallbladder stones were “old.” Microscopic examination of gallbladder stones may improve the detection rates of C. sinensis infection, which is important for developing individualized treatments to prevent the recurrence of gallbladder stones and to prevent the occurrence of severe liver damage and cholangiocarcinoma.     

结肠癌完整结肠系膜切除术摄像系统在外科学教学中的应用

目的 以学习结肠癌完整结肠系膜切除术为目的,比较传统现场手术观摩教学方法和现场手术录像教学方法的不同效果.方法 以北京大学人民医院2010级外科学专业硕士研究生40人为研究对象.随机将这些实习学生分为实验组和对照组,其中实验组20人,采用现场手术录像教学方法；对照组20人,采用传统现场手术观摩教学方法.两组学生入学成绩差异无统计学意义,所用教材、教学大纲、教学时数与教学目标均相同.教学结束后,采用问卷调查、考核等主客观评价指标考察教学效果.结果 与对照组学生比较,实验组学生在教学中能够主动提出问题,积极参与讨论,激发了学习兴趣.问卷调查结果显示,学生对现场手术录像教学方法满意度高于传统现场手术观摩教学方法.比较两组学生的考试成绩,实验组学生的平均成绩明显优于对照组学生(P＜0.05).结论 外科手术中手术现场录像教学方法与传统手术观摩教学方法相比优势明显,医学生能够更好地了解和掌握结肠癌完整结肠系膜切除术.     

不同腔内方法治疗膀胱结石的疗效观察

目的：研究Punch碎石钳碎石和U100激光碎石治疗膀胱结石的安全性及有效性，并进一步比较两种碎石方法的有效性差异。方法：回顾性分析82例膀胱结石患者临床资料，其中Punch碎石钳碎石43例，U100激光碎石39例。结果：碎石成功率U100激光组（97．2％）较碎石钳组（62．8％）显著性增高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。直径在2．5cm以上结石，U100激光组较碎石钳组碎石效率及成功率均明显增高，差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：对直径1．5cm以下结石，Punch碎石钳与U-100激光在碎石效果方面差异无统计学意义。对直径2．5cm以上结石，推荐首选U-100激光。U100激光碎石联合TURP是治疗BPH并膀胱结石的安全、有效的方法。     

口服龙血竭片对低位肛周脓肿术后创面影响的临床观察

目的：观察口服龙血竭片对低位肛周脓肿术后创面分泌物及创面愈合时间的影响。方法将64例低位肛周脓肿患者随机分为治疗组32例、对照组32例。2组患者均行切开引流术。治疗组口服龙血竭片,2400 mg／次,3次／d,对照组口服头孢地尼胶囊,100 mg／次,3次／d。观察2组创面愈合时间、创面分泌物情况评分。结果创面愈合时间治疗组为（12．18±2．14） d,对照组为（14.63±1.94）d,治疗组比对照组明显缩短,2组比较差异有统计学意义（t＝1．241,P＜0．05）。术后第2天治疗组和对照组创面分泌物情况评分比较,差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。术后第5天、第10天治疗组创面分泌物情况评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论低位肛周脓肿术后患者口服龙血竭片可缩短创面愈合时间,减少创面分泌物。     

重症监护病房中央导管相关血流感染的干预研究

目的探讨基于循证医学证据的集束化干预策略对重症监护病房(ICU)中央导管相关血流感染(CLABSI)发病率的影响。方法采用前瞻设计、多中心合作的方法,对全国41所医院54个ICU进行研究,2013年10月1日—2014年9月30日所有入住ICU并留置中央静脉导管(CVC)的患者作为监测对象。2013年10月—2014年3月收集基线资料作为干预前资料;2014年4—9月各参与医院进行干预措施的持续推广,此间收集的资料作为干预后资料,对干预前后资料进行比较。结果干预前后中央静脉导管使用率(44.18%VS44.63%)比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.526,P=0.019)。干预前后CLABSI发病率比较,差异无统计学意义[RR及95%CI为0.82(0.59-1.13),P=0.10]。干预前后置管部位构成比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=76.264,P0.001),干预后股静脉置管(17.25%VS 13.72%)及两个及以上部位置管(2.27%VS 1.44%)的置管比例有所降低。干预后,手卫生的执行率和正确率分别为79.73%、91.47%,均高于干预前的76.14%、74.26%(均P0.001);干预前后皮肤消毒剂构成比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.861,P0.001),其中氯己定乙醇所占比例升高(29.62%VS 50.56%)。除每日评估并记录外,其他防控措施的依从性干预前后比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.001);使用无菌大铺巾、置管者着装合格、端口消毒合格率均有不同程度提高。结论插管干预和维护干预两者结合的集束化干预策略得到有效落实,但其对CLABSI的干预效果有待更进一步研究。     

辅酶Q10对环磷酰胺大鼠股骨的显微结构和生物力学的影响

目的应用骨生物力学和micro-CT技术,探讨Co Q10对环磷酰胺大鼠股骨的显微结构和生物力学的影响,并与阳性药物阿仑磷酸钠对比。方法 32只SPF级♂SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组(CON)、环磷酰胺组(CTX)、阿仑膦酸钠组(ALD)、辅酶Q10组(Co Q10),连续给药15 d。实验结束后,取右侧股骨进行生物力学检测,然后进行Micro-CT扫描及三维重建。结果与CON组比较,CTX组大鼠股骨的骨微观参数:骨体积分数、骨小梁数量、骨小梁厚度和骨密度明显减少,骨小梁分离度和结构模型指数明显增高;而股骨的骨生物力学参数:最大强度、断裂强度、断裂应变及韧性系数明显减少,刚性系数明显增加。与CTX组相比,ALD组大鼠股骨的骨微观参数均得到了良好地修复,但骨生物力学参数中仅断裂应变、韧性系数和刚性系数三个参数得到了明显修复。而Co Q10组大鼠股骨的微观参数仅骨体积分数和骨小梁厚度两个参数得到明显修复,但骨生物力学参数除断裂应变外均得到了明显修复。结论 Co Q10(30 mg·kg-1·d-1)修复CTX大鼠股骨微观结构的能力有限,但修复骨质量、降低股骨骨折风险的能力优于ALD,提示Co Q10的抗骨质疏松作用具有良好的研究前景。     

Cautions on the laboratory indicators of COVID‐19 patients on and during admission

BackgroundDifferent disease severities of COVID‐19 patients could be reflected on clinical laboratory findings.MethodsIn this single‐centered retrospective study, demographic, clinical, and laboratory indicators on and during admission were compared among 74 participants with mild, moderate, critical severe, or severe classification. Risk factors associated with disease severity were analyzed by multivariate analyses. The AUC and 95% CI of the ROC curve were calculated.ResultsThe most common manifestations of these patients were fever and cough. Critical severe or severe group owned the longest length of stay (23 (19,31), p < 0.001). After multivariate logistic regression, independent influence factors on admission for severity of disease were CK‐MB (OR 0.674; 95% CI 0.489–0.928; p = 0.016), LDH (OR 1.111 or 1.107; 95% CI 1.026–1.204 or 1.022–1.199; p = 0.009 or 0.013), normal T‐BIL (OR 4.58 × 10⁻⁸; 95% CI 3.05 × 10⁻⁹–6.88 × 10⁻⁷; p < 0.001), LYM% (OR 0.008; 95% CI 0–0.602; p = 0.029), and normal ESR (OR 0.016; 95% CI 0–0.498; p = 0.019). Factors during hospitalization were normal T‐BIL (OR 8.56 × 10⁻⁹; 95% CI 8.30 × 10⁻¹⁰–8.83 × 10⁻⁸; p < 0.001), LYM (OR 0.068; 95% CI 0.005–0.934; p = 0.044), albumin (OR 0.565; 95% CI 0.327–0.977; p = 0.041), and normal NEU% (OR 0.013; 95% CI 0.000–0.967; p = 0.048). Combined indicators of AUC were 0.860 (LYM, LDH, and normal ESR on admission, p < 0.001) and 0.750 (CK‐MB, LDH, and normal T‐BIL during hospitalization, p = 0.020) when predicting for severe or critical severe patients.ConclusionTo pay close attention to the progression of COVID‐19 and take measures promptly, we should be cautious of the laboratory indicators when patients on admission especially CK‐MB, LDH, LYM%, T‐BIL as well as ESR; and T‐BIL, LYM, albumin, NEU% with the process of disease.