2016年上海市浦东新区高东社区儿童青少年乙肝病毒感染及乙肝疫苗接种状况调查

目的 调查上海市浦东新区高东社区儿童青少年乙肝病毒感染现状及乙肝疫苗接种状况,为该社区的乙肝防控工作提供依据。 方法 2016年3-4月,随机抽取高东社区幼儿园、小学及初级中学各1所,对每所学校每个年级抽取的1个班级中所有学生开展乙肝病毒感染及乙肝疫苗接种相关问卷调查,同时采集静脉血进行乙肝血清指标及HBV DNA定量检测,分析该社区儿童青少年乙肝疫苗接种情况、乙肝病毒感染血清标志物分布情况及其影响因素。 结果 高东社区儿童青少年乙肝疫苗接种率95.50%(276/289),年龄组越小的儿童青少年乙肝疫苗接种率越高(P<0.01);10岁以下学生接种率高于≥10岁学生(P<0.01);HBsAg、HBcAb和HBsAb阳性率分别为1.04%(3/289)、1.38%(4/289)和32.18%(93/289);未接种乙肝疫苗及未全程接种者HBsAg和HBcAb阳性率均高于接种乙肝疫苗及全程接种者(P<0.05);女性HBcAb阳性率高于男性(P<0.05);≥10岁学生HBcAb阳性率高于3~＜10岁学生(P<0.05);年龄组越大的儿童青少年HBsAb阳性率越低(P<0.01);HBsAb阳性学生抗体滴度水平分布以低水平(10 mIU/ml≤HBsAb<100 mIU/ml)为主(占81.33%,61/75),无年龄分布差异(P>0.05)。 结论 2016年该社区儿童青少年的乙肝疫苗接种率高于95%,HBsAg、HBcAb阳性率较2012年上海市的调查结果下降明显。     

Maternal Socioeconomic Mobility and Preterm Delivery: A Latent Class Analysis

Objective Growing evidence suggests that maternal socioeconomic mobility (SM) is associated with pregnancy outcomes. Our study investigated the association between maternal SM from childhood to adulthood and the risk of preterm delivery (PTD), and examined heterogeneity of associations by race/ethnicity. Methods In this study, 3019 pregnant women enrolled from 5 Michigan communities at 16–27 weeks’ gestation (1998–2004) provided their parents’ socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators (education, occupation, receipt of public assistance) and their own and child’s father’s SEP indicators (education, occupation, Medicaid status, and household income) at the time of enrollment. Latent class analysis was used to identify latent classes of childhood SEP indicators, adulthood SEP indicators, and SM from childhood to adulthood, respectively. A model-based approach to latent class analysis with distal outcome assessed relations between latent class and PTD, overall and within race/ethnicity groups. Results Three latent classes (low, middle, high) were identified for childhood SEP indicators and adulthood SEP indicators, respectively; while four latent classes (static low, upward, downward, and static high) best described SM. Women with upward SM had decreased odds of PTD (Odds ratio?=?0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.42, 0.87), compared to those with static low SEP. This SM advantage was true for all women and most pronounced in white/others women. Conclusions Maternal experiences of upward SM may be important considerations when assessing PTD risk. Our results support the argument that policies and programs aimed at improving women’s SEP could lower PTD rates.     

The contribution of intestinal UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in modulating 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38)-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in rats

Life-threatening diarrhea afflicts a considerable percentage of patients treated with irinotecan, an anticancer agent with effects elicited through its active metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38). The primary detoxification pathway for SN-38 is glucuronidation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role that intestinal UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) have from hepatic UGTs in modulating this diarrhea. To investigate this, Gunn rats devoid of UGT1A activity were injected with recombinant adenoviral vectors expressing UGT1A1, 1A6, and 1A7, resulting in reconstituted hepatic UGT expression comparable to a heterozygote. Hepatic microsome studies indicated that 4 to 7 days after adenoviral injection, transfected Gunn rats (j/jAV) had SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38G) formation rates three times higher than control heterozygote rats (j+AV). The adenovirus did not impart any glucuronidating capacity to the intestine in j/jAV rats, whereas j+AV rats possessed intestinal UGT function. After the administration of 20 mg/kg/day irinotecan i.p. to j/jAV rats 4 days after adenovirus injection, diarrhea ensued before the fourth irinotecan dose. j+AV rats were spared the diarrhea, and the toxicity was mild compared with the j/jAV rats, as measured by diarrhea scores, weight loss, and histological assessments of the cecum and colon. The pharmacokinetics of irinotecan, SN-38, and SN-38G indicate that the systemic exposure of SN-38 and SN-38G was higher and lower, respectively, in j/jAV rats. Despite this, the biliary excretion of irinotecan and metabolites was similar. Because intestinal UGTs are the main discriminating factor between j/jAV and j+AV rats, their presence seems to be critical for the gastrointestinal protection observed in j+AV rats.     

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a single intravenous dose of ibutilide fumarate: a phase I, randomized, open-label, increasing-dose study in healthy Chinese men

BACKGROUND: Atrial flutter is a common sustained atrial tachyarrhythmia whose frequency increases with age. Ibutilide is a class III antiarrhythmic agent used for the cardioversion of atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic properties and tolerability of a single intravenous dose of ibutilide fumarate in healthy Chinese men. METHODS: This Phase I, randomized, open-label, increasing-dose trial was conducted at the Clinical Pharmacology Center, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College in Beijing, People's Republic of China. Healthy, nonsmoking men aged 18 to 45 years and weighing within 15% of their ideal height/weight range were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 treatment groups: ibutilide 0.005, 0.01, or 0.02 mg/kg, or 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 mg. Each volunteer received a 10-minute infusion of ibutilide under fasting conditions. For analysis of PK properties, blood samples were obtained at the following times: immediately before administration of study drug; 3, 5, 8, 10, 30, and 60 minutes after administration; and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after administration. Plasma ibutilide concentrations were determined using a validated high- performance liquid chromatography method with tandem mass-spectrometric detection. Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring was performed, and 12-lead electrocardiograms were recorded before dosing and at defined times from the start of infusion until 24 hours after dosing. Tolerability was assessed throughout the study based on physical examinations, measurement of vital signs, laboratory analyses, and monitoring of adverse effects. RESULTS: Forty healthy Chinese men were enrolled (mean [SD] age, 24.0 [3.9] years [range, 19-36 years]; mean [SD] body weight, 62.8 [7.9] kg [range, 48- 80 kg]). The plasma ibutilide end-of-infusion concentration and AUC(0-infinity) increased approximately linearly with increasing doses of ibutilide. No statistically significant differences in the principal PK parameters were found among dosage groups; t(1/2) ranged from 7.5 to 9.1 hours, systemic clearance from 68 to 85 mL/min per kg, and Vd from 51 to 60 L/kg. The mean QTc interval was significantly increased during and after ibutilide infusion (baseline range, 406-418 milliseconds; maximum range, 469-683 milliseconds; P < 0.05 vs baseline). The changes in QTc interval were dose dependent, and there was a significant correlation between plasma ibutilide concentrations and changes in the QTc interval (r = 0.7244; P < 0.01). There were no significant changes in blood pressure or the QRS and PR intervals. One volunteer complained of dizziness, but no other apparent adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study in a selected population of healthy Chinese men suggest that the PK properties of ibutilide are linear with respect to dosing. A single intravenous dose of ibutilide prolonged the QTc interval in a dose- and concentration- dependent manner. Ibutilide was generally well tolerated.     

Scoping Review研究主题分析

目的：了解Scoping review的研究现状,以期为Scoping review的进一步发展提供依据。方法：通过检索主要的外文数据库纳入Scoping review外文研究,采用BICOMS 2分析软件对主题词进行抽取和整理,并生成主题词共现矩阵,利用NetDraw绘制网络关系图,利用gCLUTO进行聚类分析。结果：Scoping review研究有1 516个具有实质意义的主要主题词,研究领域分为6个研究主题,其中5个主题关注健康管理和医疗卫生保健,1个主题关注医药卫生和循证转化医学研究。结论：Scoping review研究的主题主要集中在不同人群的健康管理和医疗卫生保健方面,研究主题较为局限,相关学者应该努力拓展新的研究主题。     

MiR⁃484通过靶向MAPK8抑制人前体脂肪细胞的增殖与分化

目的：探讨miRNA?484在肥胖发生中的作用及其临床意义。方法：利用RT?qPCR 、CCK?8法、油红O染色及甘油三酯定量检测研究miR?484对人脂肪细胞增殖及成脂分化的作用。运用Targetscan7.2对miR?484的下游靶基因进行预测分析,并使用双荧光素酶实验验证miR?484与靶基因的结合,使用Western blot及RT?qPCR验证miR?484对靶基因的作用。结果：miR?484在人脂肪细胞分化成熟过程中逐渐低表达。过表达miR?484抑制人前体脂肪细胞的增殖及分化,而沉默miR?484与过表达作用相反。生物信息学预测发现MAPK8是miR?484的下游靶基因,且miR?484可抑制其mRNA及蛋白表达,同时过表达MAPK8可部分挽救miR?484对人前体脂肪细胞增殖分化的抑制。结论：miR?484可以通过抑制MAPK8的表达从而抑制人前体脂肪细胞的增殖与成脂分化。     

2型糖尿病合并超重肥胖患者血清Irisin水平变化研究

背景 肥胖会导致胰岛素抵抗（IR）的发生进而引发2型糖尿病（T2DM）,严重影响人类健康。鸢尾素（irisin）是一种新发现的肌肉和脂肪因子,在代谢调控中具有重要作用,T2DM合并超重肥胖患者的血清irisin水平会出现何种变化值得研究。 目的 观察T2DM超重肥胖患者血清irisin水平情况,并探讨血清irisin水平变化的影响因素。 方法 选取2019年12月至2021年6月于安徽医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科住院治疗的T2DM患者119例,根据体质指数（BMI）分为糖尿病超重肥胖组（n=78）和糖尿病体质量正常组（n=41）。另选取同期于本院体检且BMI正常的健康者为对照组（n=52）。比较三组受试者一般资料、实验室检查指标及血清irisin水平,采用Spearman秩相关分析探究血清irisin水平与一般资料及实验室检查指标的相关性,采用多元线性回归分析探究血清irisin水平的影响因素。 结果 三组收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、BMI、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、稳态胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。糖尿病体质量正常组血清irisin水平低于对照组,糖尿病超重肥胖组血清irisin水平低于对照组、糖尿病体质量正常组（P<0.05）。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,血清irisin水平与HDL-C呈正相关（rs=0.304,P<0.05）,与SBP、DBP、BMI、TG、HbA1c、FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR呈负相关（rs值分别为-0.271、-0.420、-0.372、-0.164、-0.418、-0.348、-0.293、-0.348,P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,DBP〔b=-0.049,P=0.011〕、HbA1c〔b=-0.156,P=0.009〕、FINS〔b=-0.21,P=0.038〕是血清irisin水平的影响因素。 结论 T2DM患者血清irisin水平较健康者明显降低,尤其是合并超重肥胖患者,且血清irisin水平与血压、BMI、血脂、血糖及IR等因素存在一定关系。     

椎管内副神经节瘤的MRI、病理分析及鉴别诊断

目的分析椎管内副神经节瘤的MRI表现,加强并提高对改病的认识与鉴别诊断能力。方法回顾性分析7例发生于椎管内经病理证实为副神经节瘤患者的临床、病理及MRI资料,所有患者均行MRI平扫及增强检查。结果7例均为男性,年龄22~75岁不等,平均年龄约(45.8±16.8)岁。病例均为腰段椎管内单发病灶,L2-L3节段4例(57.1%),L3-4节段2例(28.6%),L4节段1例(14.3%),所有病灶最长径均未超过2个锥体。较小病灶呈类圆形肿块,较大病灶沿椎管长轴生长。T₁WI呈等或稍低信号,T₂WI信号多不均匀,以稍高信号为主,5例增强扫描呈明显均匀强化,2例呈不均匀明显强化。4例(57.1%)瘤体上面见迂曲血管流空信号。结论椎管内副神经节瘤较为罕见,其MRI表现有一定特点,充分认识其MRI表现,有助于对该病鉴别诊断。