全文获取类型
收费全文 | 304篇 |
免费 | 14篇 |
国内免费 | 44篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 7篇 |
儿科学 | 7篇 |
妇产科学 | 2篇 |
基础医学 | 27篇 |
口腔科学 | 6篇 |
临床医学 | 43篇 |
内科学 | 57篇 |
神经病学 | 2篇 |
特种医学 | 84篇 |
外科学 | 30篇 |
综合类 | 11篇 |
预防医学 | 9篇 |
眼科学 | 4篇 |
药学 | 38篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 34篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 10篇 |
2012年 | 10篇 |
2011年 | 4篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 12篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 29篇 |
2006年 | 5篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 3篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1944年 | 2篇 |
1943年 | 1篇 |
1942年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有362条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Idiotype as a tumor-specific marker in childhood B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carroll WL; Link MP; Cleary ML; Bologna S; Carswell C; Amylon MD; Smith SD; Levy R 《Blood》1988,71(4):1068-1073
Immunoglobulin (Ig) or idiotype (Id) is a tumor-specific target in those B cell malignancies that express this molecule on their surface. We explored the biology of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B cell ALL) using Id as a tumor marker. In this report we describe the development of anti-Id monoclonal antibodies (MAB) for two children with B cell ALL. These reagents were used retrospectively to study tumor kinetics and to detect residual disease after chemotherapy. In both cases serum Id values were strikingly high at diagnosis (1.2 mg/mL and 10.8 mg/mL), suggesting that the tumor cells were relatively mature B cells capable of significant antibody production. In both patients the serum Id levels fell with the institution of therapy and confirmed that the patients were in remission. Increasing serum Id predicted relapse four months before conventional methods in patient 1, and Id proved to be a more sensitive measure of tumor burden than Southern blot analysis of rearranged Ig genes in bone marrow samples. Surprisingly, low levels of Id were redetected in the second patient just before completing therapy and have persisted for over a year despite the absence of clinical evidence of recurrent disease. Thus, serum Id levels reflect tumor burden during initial therapy but may not necessarily predict tumor progression after a complete clinical remission. 相似文献
82.
Dennis Den Hartog Esther MM Van Lieshout Wim E Tuinebreijer Suzanne Polinder Ed F Van Beeck Roelf S Breederveld Maarten WGA Bronkhorst Jan Peter Eerenberg Steven Rhemrev W Herbert Roerdink Gerrit Schraa Harm M Van der Vis Thom PH Van Thiel Peter Patka Stefaan Nijs Niels WL Schep 《BMC musculoskeletal disorders》2010,11(1):1-9
83.
CP Bailey S Oldfield J Llorente CJ Caunt AG Teschemacher L Roberts CA McArdle FL Smith WL Dewey E Kelly G Henderson 《British journal of pharmacology》2009,158(1):157-164
Background and purpose:
The ability of an agonist to induce desensitization of the µ-opioid receptor (MOR) depends upon the agonist used. Furthermore, previous data suggest that the intracellular mechanisms underlying desensitization may be agonist-specific. We investigated the mechanisms underlying MOR desensitization, in adult mammalian neurons, caused by morphine (a partial agonist in this system) and DAMGO (a high-efficacy agonist).Experimental approach:
MOR function was measured in locus coeruleus neurons, by using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology, in rat and mouse brain slices (both wild-type and protein kinase C (PKC)α knockout mice). Specific isoforms of PKC were inhibited by using inhibitors of the receptors for activated C-kinase (RACK), and in vivo viral-mediated gene-transfer was used to transfect neurons with dominant negative mutants (DNMs) of specific G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs).Key results:
Morphine-induced desensitization was attenuated by using RACK inhibitors that inhibit PKCα, but not by other isoform-specific inhibitors. Further, the PKC component of morphine-induced desensitization was absent in locus coeruleus neurons from PKCα knockout mice. The PKC-enhanced morphine-induced desensitization was not affected by over-expression of a GRK2 dominant negative mutant (GRK2 DNM). In contrast, DAMGO-induced MOR desensitization was independent of PKC activity but was reduced by over-expression of the GRK2 DNM but not by that of a GRK6 DNM.Conclusions and implications:
In mature mammalian neurons, different MOR agonists can induce MOR desensitization by different mechanisms, morphine by a PKCα-mediated, heterologous mechanism and DAMGO by a GRK-mediated, homologous mechanism. These data represent functional selectivity at the level of receptor desensitization. 相似文献84.
85.
Anselm Mak Mike WL Cheung Roger Chun-Man Ho Alicia Ai-Cia Cheak Chak Sing Lau 《BMC musculoskeletal disorders》2009,10(1):113-12
Background
Occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) amongst bisphosphonate users has been increasingly reported but results are conflicting. We performed a Bayesian meta-analysis to address the possible association between the occurrence of AF and bisphosphonate use and estimated the posterior probability of development of AF with bisphosphonate use. 相似文献86.
Background
Articular cartilage is a viscoelastic material, but its exact behaviour under the full range of physiological loading frequencies is unknown. The objective of this study was to measure the viscoelastic properties of bovine articular cartilage at loading frequencies of up to 92 Hz. 相似文献87.
Impact of FDG-PET on radiation therapy volume delineation in non-small-cell lung cancer 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
Bradley J Thorstad WL Mutic S Miller TR Dehdashti F Siegel BA Bosch W Bertrand RJ 《International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics》2004,59(1):78-86
PURPOSE: Locoregional failure remains a significant problem for patients receiving definitive radiation therapy alone or combined with chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Positron emission tomography (PET) with [(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) has proven to be a valuable diagnostic and staging tool for NSCLC. This prospective study was performed to determine the impact of treatment simulation with FDG-PET and CT on radiation therapy target volume definition and toxicity profiles by comparison to simulation with computed tomography (CT) scanning alone. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with Stages I-III NSCLC were studied. Each patient underwent sequential CT and FDG-PET simulation on the same day. Immobilization devices used for both simulations included an alpha cradle, a flat tabletop, 6 external fiducial markers, and a laser positioning system. A radiation therapist participated in both simulations to reproduce the treatment setup. Both the CT and fused PET/CT image data sets were transferred to the radiation treatment planning workstation for contouring. Each FDG-PET study was reviewed with the interpreting nuclear radiologist before tumor volumes were contoured. The fused PET/CT images were used to develop the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) plan. A second physician, blinded to the results of PET, contoured the gross tumor volumes (GTV) and planning target volumes (PTV) from the CT data sets, and these volumes were used to generate mock 3DCRT plans. The PTV was defined by a 10-mm margin around the GTV. The two 3DCRT plans for each patient were compared with respect to the GTV, PTV, mean lung dose, volume of normal lung receiving > or =20 Gy (V20), and mean esophageal dose. RESULTS: The FDG-PET findings altered the AJCC TNM stage in 8 of 26 (31%) patients; 2 patients were diagnosed with metastatic disease based on FDG-PET and received palliative radiation therapy. Of the 24 patients who were planned with 3DCRT, PET clearly altered the radiation therapy volume in 14 (58%), as follows. PET helped to distinguish tumor from atelectasis in all 3 patients with atelectasis. Unsuspected nodal disease was detected by PET in 10 patients, and 1 patient had a separate tumor focus detected within the same lobe of the lung. Increases in the target volumes led to increases in the mean lung dose, V20, and mean esophageal dose. Decreases in the target volumes in the patients with atelectasis led to decreases in these normal-tissue toxicity parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Radiation targeting with fused FDG-PET and CT images resulted in alterations in radiation therapy planning in over 50% of patients by comparison with CT targeting. The increasing availability of integrated PET/CT units will facilitate the use of this technology for radiation treatment planning. A confirmatory multicenter, cooperative group trial is planned within the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. 相似文献
88.
89.
Comparison of unilateral versus bilateral intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for surgically treated squamous cell carcinoma of the palatine tonsil 下载免费PDF全文
90.
Sequential viewing of abdominal CT images at varying rates 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Gur D; Good WF; Oliver JH; Thaete FL; Baron RL; Federle MP; Campbell WL; Rosenthal MS 《Radiology》1994,191(1):119