Reduced tocopherol content of B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

The tocopherol content of lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and plasma from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and normal subjects was measured by a sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method. Lymphocytes from patients with CLL had lower values of tocopherol (1.7 +/- 1.0 micrograms/10(9) cells) than lymphocytes from normal subjects (3.8 +/- 0.7 micrograms/10(9) cells). Mononuclear cells from patients with HCL had an increased tocopherol content of 6.2 +/- 1.0 micrograms/10(9) cells. Subfractionation of the lymphocytes from patients with CLL into T- and B-cell subgroups showed that the tocopherol content of T cells was the same as in normal subjects (4.1 +/- 0.5 micrograms/10(9) cells versus 3.5 +/- 1.2), but that the tocopherol content of the B cells was markedly reduced compared to normals (2.6 +/- 1.0 versus 6.0 +/- 1.3).     

肠源性内毒素血症与肝病

近年来,肠源性内毒素血症(intestinal endotoxemia,IETM)与肝病的关系日益受到重视.临床观察表明,各种急、慢性肝炎、肝硬变和重型肝炎患者内毒素血症(endotoxemia,ETM)发生率有不同程度升高.内毒素与肝损害之间存在着密切的关系[1-3].二者可互为因果,从而对肝病的发生发展产生重要影响.特别是内毒素作用于肝脏后,引起多种细胞因子分泌与释放,导致肝脏损害进一步加重,甚至出现黄疸、出血、肾功能衰竭与肝性脑病等肝功能衰竭临床综合征.     

AS-1 red cells for neonatal transfusions: a randomized trial assessing donor exposure and safety

BACKGROUND: Despite recent optimism about the use of erythropoietin therapy to treat the anemia of prematurity, very-low-birth-weight infants who are severely ill receive multiple red cell (RBC) transfusions. Many physicians transfuse relatively fresh RBCs to newborn infants, exposing them to multiple donors and possibly increasing their risk of acquiring transfusion-transmitted infections. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted to determine, as the primary endpoint, whether RBCs collected from one dedicated donor and stored for < or = 42 days in AS-1 storage media could safely supply all small-volume RBC transfusions (15 mL/kg/dose) needed by very-low-birth-weight infants (0.6-1.3 kg) during the first 84 days of life. Secondary endpoints were the assessment of the possible adverse clinical and biochemical effects of transfusing AS- 1 RBCs stored for < or = 42 days. Control infants received identical nursery care, except they received fresh RBCs stored < or = 7 days in CPDA-1. RESULTS: Infants transfused with AS-1 RBCs were exposed to a mean of 1.6 donors,-compared with an exposure to 3.7 donors for infants given CPDA-1 RBCs (p < 0.05). Neither clinical transfusion reactions nor the results of multiple laboratory tests were significantly different in infants who received slow transfusions (15 mL/kg) of AS-1 RBCs stored for < or = 42 days and in infants who received the same volume of CPDA-1 RBCs stored < or = 7 days. CONCLUSION: AS-1 RBCs, usually from only one dedicated donor, can safely supply all RBCs needed by most very-low-birth-weight infants-a practice that decreases donor exposure and likely increases transfusion safety.     

Relation between aerobic fitness and brain structures in amnestic mild cognitive impairment elderly

Mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a clinical condition, with high risk to develop Alzheimer’s disease. Physical exercise may have positive effect on cognition and brain structure in older adults. However, it is still under research whether these influences are true on aMCI subjects with low Ab_42 and high total tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is considered a biomarker for AD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate a possible relation between aerobic fitness (AF) and gray matter (GM) volume and AF and white matter (WM) integrity in aMCI with a CSF biomarker. Twenty-two participants with aMCI acquired the images on a 3.0-T MRI. AF was assessed by a graded exercise test on a treadmill. Voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistic methods were used to analyze the GM volume and WM microstructural integrity, respectively. We correlated AF and GM volume and WM integrity in aMCI (p < 0.05, FWE corrected, cluster with at least five voxels). There was a positive relation between AF and GM volume mostly in frontal superior cortex. In WM integrity, AF was positively correlated with fractional anisotropy and negatively correlated with mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity, all in the same tracts that interconnect frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital areas (longitudinal fasciculus, fronto-occipital fasciculus, and corpus callosum). These results suggest that aerobic fitness may have a positive influence on protection of brain even in aMCI CSF biomarker, a high-risk population to convert to AD.     

差示分光光度法测定制剂中硝苯啶的含量

利用硝苯啶溶液对光不稳定的性质,在波长350nm处测其光照前后的吸收度差值(△A),△A与硝苯啶乙醇溶液浓度在10～60μg/ml范围内呈线性关系。使用本法对硝苯啶片进行了含量测定,并对其类似物进行了干扰试验,排除了组分的干扰。该法的精密度日内为1.3％,日间为1.9％,平均回收率为99.96％。方法简便、快速,不需色谱等分离手段即可达到分析目的,专一性、重复性均较好,是分析硝苯啶制剂的一种新途径。