经不同手术径路治疗胸中下段食管鳞癌的比较研究

目的比较经左胸与右胸手术径路治疗胸中下段食管鳞癌的疗效,探讨合理的胸中下段食管鳞癌手术径路。方法回顾性分析2004年1月到2007年12月间上海交通大学附属胸科医院行手术治疗的120例食管中下段鳞癌患者的临床资料．其中左胸径路和右胸径路各60例．比较两组患者手术切除率、淋巴结清扫情况、术后并发症发生率、复发情况以及生存率。结果左胸径路组和右胸径路组患者手术切除率分别为91．7％（55／60）和95．0％（57／60）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。左胸径路组平均每例淋巴结清扫数和转移淋巴结数分别为4．60枚和0．57枚,显著低于右胸径路组的8．32枚和1．33枚（均P〈0.01）。两组术后并发症发生率分别为26．7％（16／60）和31．7％（19／60）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。两组术后局部复发率分别为43．3％（26／60）和23．3％（14／60）．差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）：但远处转移率的差异无统计学意义[68.3％（41／60）比56．7％（34／60）,P〉0.05]。左胸径路组术后5年生存率为21．7％,明显低于右胸径路组（36．7％,P〈0.05）。结论右胸径路与左胸径路对胸中下段食管鳞癌的手术切除率相似．但右胸径路更易于进行系统性的纵隔淋巴结清扫．有助于减少局部复发、提高长期生存。     

德尔格Evita 4呼吸机气路分析及应用

目的：通过对德尔格Evita4呼吸机气路的分析与应用维护的探讨,获得保证设备安全稳定运行的经验。方法：结合实际工作,重点分析Evita4呼吸机气路构成及工作原理,建立科学的设备日常维护方法。结果：分析呼吸机内部气路,确定设备维护方案,保证设备使用安全和应用质量。结论：通过分析气路,指导临床工程师进行应用维护,保证设备高效运行。     

Long-term protection of hematopoiesis against the cytotoxic effects of multiple doses of nitrosourea by retrovirus-mediated expression of human O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase

A human O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase (ATase) cDNA-containing retrovirus was used to infect murine long-term primary bone marrow cultures. High levels of ATase expression were obtained, and colony- forming cells of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage from the cultures transduced with the human ATase retrovirus were three times more resistant to the alkylating agent, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), than control cultures. Furthermore, expression of the human ATase protected long-term hematopoiesis, measured as the output of progenitor cells to the nonadherent fraction of the culture, against the cytotoxic effects of repeated exposures to MNU. These results clearly show that a human ATase cDNA-containing retrovirus can be used to infect long-term primary bone marrow cultures and that this attenuates their sensitivity to nitrosoureas.     

重庆地区丙型肝炎病毒基因型分布及临床意义

目的:了解重庆地区近年来丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)基因型分布、演变和可能的临床意义,为更好防治丙型肝炎提供依据。方法:回顾性研究2010年1月至2013年12月期间在重庆医科大学附属第二医院就诊并有基因分型结果的丙型肝炎患者的基因型分布,并与该地区其它文献报道的数据相比较,探讨基因型演变的可能影响因素。结果:共收集941例HCV感染者,检出4种基因型、9种基因亚型,成功进行基因分型有857例(均为单一基因型,分型率91.1%)。其基因型分布为:1a 30例(3.5%)、1b 238例(27.8%)、2a 42例(4.9%)、2b 1例(0.1%)、3a 132例(15.4%)、3b 244例(28.5%)、3k 6例(0.7%)、6a124例(14.5%)、6b 40例(4.7%)。与5年前的结果比较发现HCV 1b、2a亚型明显下降,3型、6型比例上升,差异具有统计学意义。结论:3b、1b型为目前重庆地区丙型肝炎患者感染HCV的主要基因型,3a、6a型亦占有较大比例,提示重庆地区HCV流行的基因型呈现多样性。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对心脏成纤维细胞TRPM7通道功能的影响

目的:研究心脏成纤维细胞(CFs)膜上的TRPM7通道的电生理特性。方法:将分离培养出来的乳鼠CFs用6种不同浓度的血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)干预至12h,分别测量各组胶原蛋白的表达水平,从而挑选出最佳诱导纤维化的AngⅡ浓度,最佳浓度的AngⅡ分别将CFs干预至5个不同的时间,记录相应的CFs膜上的TRPM7电流及各组的胶原蛋白水平。结果:诱导心脏纤维化最大的AngⅡ浓度是1nmol/L,最佳诱导纤维化浓度干预0,6,12,24,48h后CFs的TRPM7与胶原蛋白Ⅲ的表达水平最初升高,于12h达到最高水平,之后呈现递减水平,且在CFs膜上记录到的TRPM7内外向电流也呈现相应的先增加后降低趋势,与两种蛋白的表达水平正相关。结论:CFs膜上的TRPM7电流在AngⅡ的作用下,呈现先增加后减少的趋势,是AngⅡ介导CFs增殖与凋亡从而导致心脏纤维化的重要途径之一。     

Norepinephrine content and adrenoceptor function in the bladder of cats with feline interstitial cystitis

PURPOSE: Interstitial cystitis is a chronic syndrome affecting humans and domestic animals, including cats (feline interstitial cystitis). The aggravation of interstitial cystitis symptoms by stress suggests involvement of the sympathetic nervous system. Studies have identified increased sympathetic nervous system activity in patients with interstitial cystitis but to our knowledge effects on bladder function have not been reported. To address this question we measured bladder norepinephrine (NE) content, the electrical field stimulation flux of NE and acetylcholine (ACh), and the effects of feline interstitial cystitis on adrenoceptor (AR) mediated bladder strip contractility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bladders were obtained from healthy cats and cats with feline interstitial cystitis. In experiment 1 bladder tissue NE content was determined and the simultaneous release of 3H-NE and 14C-ACh in perfusion bath effluent after electrical field stimulation was measured. NE and ACh release was calculated from the area under the efflux curve. In experiment 2 electrical field stimulation induced contractility of bladder body strips was measured in the presence of 100 nM. to 25 microM. NE only or combined with atipamezole (an alpha2-AR antagonist), propranolol (a beta-AR antagonist) or phentolamine (an alpha-AR antagonist). Antagonists were added to the bath at least 15 minutes before stimulation, after which NE was added in cumulative doses and dose response curves were constructed. RESULTS: Significant increases in NE content and efflux in the absence of alterations in ACh efflux were identified. In the bladder strip studies decreased alpha2 and beta1-AR function was found in strips from cats with feline interstitial cystitis, whereas beta3 or atypical beta-ARs were tentatively identified. CONCLUSIONS: These results support and extend previous studies by identifying an effect of increased sympathetic activity on bladder function in cats with feline interstitial cystitis.     

Phrenic nerve end-to-side neurotization in treating brachial plexus avulsion: an experimental study in rats

The aim of this study was to extend the clinical application of phrenic nerve neurotization in treating brachial plexus avulsion injury, reducing the possible damage on the diaphragm function. Fifty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats and 9 transgenic rats were used in this study. Evaluations including behavioral observation, histology, and electrophysiology study were performed postoperatively. The functional recovery of rats with the end-to-side neurorrhaphy reached 80% of those with end-to-end neurorrhaphy, and the function of diaphragm was preserved. The fluorescence study revealed abundant collateral sprouting of the phrenic nerve axons through the coaptation site in all the experimental groups. The study showed that the end-to-side neurorrhaphy in a helicoid manner and the standard end-to-side neurorrhaphy were effective in the treatment of brachial plexus root avulsion injury with little harm to the function of diaphragm. This will extend the clinical application of phrenic nerve neurotization in treating brachial plexus avulsion injury.     

腹腔镜远端胃癌D_2根治术手术路径的临床应用研究

目的探讨腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术手术路径的临床效果。方法 2007年10月-2010年5月,对56例远端胃癌实施腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治手术。手术路径：大网膜切除和横结肠系膜前叶剥离;解剖腹腔动脉、肝总动脉、脾动脉及清扫相应淋巴结;处理胃右动脉和5组淋巴结;清扫12a组淋巴结等顺序进行,淋巴清扫以4d→4sb→14v→6→7/9→11p→8a→5→12a→1→3的路径进行。结果手术时间130-375 min,（203.4±48.4）min。清扫淋巴结13-21枚,（16.2±1.2）枚。术后胃肠功能恢复时间48-120 h,（80.6±17.7）h。标本远近切缘无癌残留。无围手术期死亡病例。术后72 h吻合口出血1例,96 h输出端梗阻1例。56例术后随访2-31个月,（14.1±6.9）月,死亡8例：肿瘤广泛转移6例,心脑血管疾病2例;带瘤生存5例,无瘤生存43例,无瘤生存时间最长已31个月。结论腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术按照合理的路径进行手术,能够保证手术在正确的间隙和解剖层面进行,有利于在遵循肿瘤根治的原则下完成手术。     

血管生成拟态与肿瘤

近年来,人们发现了一种新的肿瘤血供形式——血管生成拟态,其与经典的肿瘤血供模式完全不同.这一发现对完善肿瘤的血供机制,改善肿瘤的治疗和预后具有重要的意义.本文主要就其结构、形成机制、对临床肿瘤治疗的意义进行综述.     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗胸腺疾病58例

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术治疗胸腺疾病的方法和价值。方法 1994年7月～2010年7月,完全胸腔镜下或胸腔镜辅助小切口完整切除胸腺、胸腺瘤和胸腺囊肿58例：完全胸腔镜下切除33例,其中胸腺瘤切除8例,全胸腺切除7例,全胸腺切除纵隔脂肪清扫3例,胸腺囊肿切除15例;胸腔镜辅助小切口下切除25例,其中胸腺瘤切除9例,全胸腺切除14例,全胸腺切除纵隔脂肪清扫2例。结果 58例均在完全胸腔镜或胸腔镜辅助小切口下完成切除,无并发症。完全胸腔镜下切除33例,手术时间70～90 min,平均80 min;胸腔镜辅助小切口下切除25例,手术时间55～70 min,平均65 min。无中转开胸。术中出血50～100 ml,平均60 ml。术后留置胸腔闭式引流3～5 d,平均4 d。术后住院5～9 d,平均7 d。术后病理诊断：胸腺瘤34例,胸腺增生6例,胸腺囊肿15例,胸腺脂肪瘤3例。48例随访1～5年,其中〈2年19例,2～5年29例,均无复发。结论电视胸腔镜手术切除胸腺瘤和胸腺囊肿安全可靠,切除彻底,具有微创、恢复快及并发症少的特点。