全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3008篇 |
免费 | 171篇 |
国内免费 | 27篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 30篇 |
儿科学 | 67篇 |
妇产科学 | 21篇 |
基础医学 | 341篇 |
口腔科学 | 51篇 |
临床医学 | 200篇 |
内科学 | 875篇 |
皮肤病学 | 53篇 |
神经病学 | 220篇 |
特种医学 | 176篇 |
外科学 | 536篇 |
综合类 | 22篇 |
预防医学 | 88篇 |
眼科学 | 16篇 |
药学 | 173篇 |
中国医学 | 20篇 |
肿瘤学 | 317篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 17篇 |
2022年 | 68篇 |
2021年 | 85篇 |
2020年 | 64篇 |
2019年 | 82篇 |
2018年 | 93篇 |
2017年 | 74篇 |
2016年 | 71篇 |
2015年 | 73篇 |
2014年 | 116篇 |
2013年 | 143篇 |
2012年 | 218篇 |
2011年 | 234篇 |
2010年 | 154篇 |
2009年 | 123篇 |
2008年 | 185篇 |
2007年 | 205篇 |
2006年 | 198篇 |
2005年 | 169篇 |
2004年 | 135篇 |
2003年 | 172篇 |
2002年 | 139篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 28篇 |
1999年 | 25篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 33篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 26篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1963年 | 2篇 |
1929年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有3206条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
Sae Murakami Tetsuo Ajiki Kimihiko Ueno Hidehiro Sawa Shinobu Tsuchida Izuru Otsubo Yuko Yoshida Kenta Shinozaki Taro Okazaki Ippei Matsumoto Takumi Fukumoto Yonson Ku 《Surgery today》2014,44(7):1350-1354
A 25-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with persistent upper abdominal pain. Preoperative imaging studies revealed a hilar bile duct stricture with portal venous encasement, and the patient underwent curative resection involving extended left hepatectomy and segmental portal vein resection. The pathological findings demonstrated a well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma of the bile duct with regional lymph node metastasis (stage IIIB according to the UICC TNM classification), as well as the overexpression of p53 proteins and the K-ras gene mutation in tumor cells. The patient has shown no evidence of recurrence in the 10 months since the operation. Although there are several reports of relatively young adults with cholangiocarcinoma, the majority of such patients demonstrate either an anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary duct system or primary sclerosing cholangitis. The absence of any morphological abnormalities in this patient’s biliary system implicates de novo carcinogenesis as the most likely cause of the cholangiocarcinoma. 相似文献
82.
Taro Ohba Gouji Toyokawa Takuro Kometani Kaname Nosaki Fumihiko Hirai Masafumi Yamaguchi Motoharu Hamatake Takashi Seto Yukito Ichinose Kenji Sugio 《Surgery today》2014,44(3):478-486
Purpose
This study retrospectively assessed the mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and K-ras genes and their clinical significance in patients with resected stage I adenocarcinomas.Methods
A total of 354 patients with resected lung adenocarcinomas were included, and 256 patients with stage I disease were analyzed for the prognostic and predictive value of these mutations.Results
Mutations of EGFR and K-ras genes were detected in 149 (41.1 %) and 23 (6.4 %) of all tumors, and in 122 (47.6 %) and 14 (5.5 %) of stage I tumors, respectively. There were no significant differences in the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) between the EGFR-mutant and wild-type groups. However, the DFS and OS were significantly shorter in patients with K-ras mutations than in those without (5-year DFS: 50.8 vs. 76.9 %, 5-year OS: 70.0 vs. 86.6 %, p < 0.01). A multivariate analysis showed that K-ras mutations were an independent poor prognostic factor. Twenty-four of the 41 patients with recurrent disease after surgery were treated with an EGFR–TKI. Fifteen EGFR-mutant patients treated with an EGFR–TKI had a better prognosis than did the nine EGFR-wild-type patients.Conclusion
The presence of an EGFR gene mutation was a predictive factor for the response to EGFR–TKI treatment in patients with resected stage I adenocarcinoma, but was not a prognostic factor. The presence of a K-ras gene mutation was a poor prognostic factor. 相似文献83.
Mikiya Inoue Kiminobu Sugito Taro Ikeda Hiroyuki Kawashima Manabu Hanada Takeshi Furuya Kensuke Ohashi Tsugumichi Koshinaga 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2014,18(3):580-583
Background
The present study aimed to assess the long-term results of seton placement for fistula-in-ano (FIA) in infants.Methods
Data of patients aged <1 year who presented to our department with perianal abscess (PA) between January 2006 and February 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Our standard initial treatment for PA was incision and drainage. Patients with systemic diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases were excluded.Results
Ninety-five patients were treated for PA and/or FIA during the 5-year period, and follow-up data were available for 90 patients. The mean follow-up duration in these patients was 49.8?±?11.4 months, and mean age at presentation was 3.1?±?2.7 months. Of the 90 patients, 36 (40 %) developed FIA (39 lesions) and underwent seton placement. The condition healed in a mean period of 6.3?±?4.0 weeks after the placement of a cutting seton. Healing of the fistula was achieved in 35 (97.2 %) of 36 patients after the initial seton procedure, and one patient who showed recurrence underwent a second seton placement, resulting in successful healing of the FIA after 5 weeks.Conclusions
The long-term success of seton placement indicates that this procedure should be a treatment option for FIA in infants. 相似文献84.
Takeshi Terashima Tatsuya Yamashita Noboru Takata Yasuhito Takeda Hidenori Kido Noriho Iida Masaaki Kitahara Tetsuro Shimakami Hajime Takatori Kuniaki Arai Kazunori Kawaguchi Kazuya Kitamura Taro Yamashita Yoshio Sakai Eishiro Mizukoshi Masao Honda Shuichi Kaneko 《Hepatology research》2021,51(2):190-200
85.
Kenei Furukawa Takeshi Gocho Taro Sakamoto Masashi Tsunematsu Koichiro Haruki Takashi Horiuchi Yoshihiro Shirai Jungo Yasuda Hironori Shiozaki Shinji Onda Hiroaki Shiba Shun Sato Hiroyuki Takahashi Toru Ikegami 《Pancreatology》2021,21(1):299-305
IntroductionA soft remnant texture of the pancreas is commonly accepted as a risk factor for postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). However, its assessment is subjective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of intraoperative amylase level of the pancreatic juice as a risk factor of POPF after PD.MethodThis study included 75 patients who underwent PD between November 2014 and April 2020 at Jikei University Hospital. We investigated the relationship between pancreatic texture, intraoperative amylase level of pancreatic juice, results of the pathological evaluations, and the incidence of POPF.ResultsTwenty-three patients (31%) developed POPF. The significant predictors of POPF were non-ductal adenocarcinoma (p < 0.01), soft pancreatic remnant (p < 0.01), high intraoperative blood loss (p < 0.01), high intraoperative amylase level of pancreatic juice (p < 0.01), and low pancreatic fibrosis (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that the significant independent predictors of POPF were high intraoperative blood loss (p < 0.01) and high intraoperative amylase level of pancreatic juice (p = 0.02). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the cut-off value for the intraoperative amylase level of pancreatic juice was 2.17 × 105 IU/L (area under the curve = 0.726, sensitivity = 95.7%, and specificity = 50.0%)ConclusionsThe intraoperative amylase level of pancreatic juice is a reliable objective predictor for POPF after PD. 相似文献
86.
Kawano T Miura H Mawatari T Moro-Oka T Nakanishi Y Higaki H Iwamoto Y 《Arthritis and rheumatism》2003,48(7):1923-1929
OBJECTIVE: To examine in vivo the effects of a mixture of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) plus phospholipids on joint lubrication and articular cartilage degeneration. METHODS: Experimental osteoarthritis (OA) of the right knee was induced by anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament transection in 40 rabbits. The animals were subjected to 8 consecutive weekly intraarticular administrations of high molecular weight HA (the HA200 group), conventional molecular weight HA (the HA80 group), or high molecular weight HA plus L-delta dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes (the PHA group) and were killed 1 week after the final injection. The remaining transected right knees (the OA group) and randomly selected nontransected contralateral left knees (the control group) were collected simultaneously. Each group (n = 10) was divided into 2 equal subgroups, one of which was evaluated histologically while the other was subjected to a lubricating ability test using a pendulum friction tester. RESULTS: The injected knees had a tendency to demonstrate less damage to the articular cartilage compared with the OA group, and the histologic findings in all groups except for the PHA group differed significantly from the control group. There was a significant difference in the mean +/- SD friction coefficient between the control group (0.0100 +/- 0.00300) and the OA (0.0206 +/- 0.00649), HA200 (0.0190 +/- 0.00427), and HA80 (0.0177 +/- 0.00712) groups (P < 0.05 for each comparison), but not between the control group and the PHA group (0.0150 +/- 0.00330) (P = 0.15). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo study to examine whether intraarticular injections of phospholipids influence joint lubrication by acting as a boundary lubricant, thus protecting articular cartilage from degenerative changes. 相似文献
87.
Confirmation by FRET in individual living cells of the absence of significant amyloid beta -mediated caspase 8 activation 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5 下载免费PDF全文
Onuki R Nagasaki A Kawasaki H Baba T Uyeda TQ Taira K 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2002,99(23):14716-14721
When cells are exposed to death-inducing molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha or Fas, caspase 8 is activated and cleaves an apoptotic facilitator, Bid, that is a member of the Bcl-2 family. After additional modification, the C-terminal moiety of Bid is translocated to the mitochondria and induces the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. In an attempt to directly observe the cleavage of Bid and the following events in living cells, we constructed a vector that encoded Bid fused with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) (YFP-Bid-CFP). On expression of YFP-Bid-CFP in mammalian cells, we were able to observe the efficient transfer of energy from excited CFP to YFP within the YFP-Bid-CFP molecule and, importantly, the fusion protein YFP-Bid-CFP was fully functional in cells. When YFP-Bid-CFP was cleaved by caspase 8, on activation by anti-Fas Abs but not by Abeta or tunicamycin, no such transfer of energy was detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of (i) visualization of the activation of Bid by proteolytic cleavage, with direct observation of the cleavage of YFP-Bid-CFP in the cytoplasm and subsequent translocation of the cleaved Bid to mitochondria and (ii) the absence of Abeta- or tunicamycin-mediated significant activation of caspase 8 in individual living cells. 相似文献
88.
Saniabadi AR Hanai H Takeuchi K Umemura K Nakashima M Adachi T Shima C Bjarnason I Lofberg R 《Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy》2003,7(1):48-59
Apheresis has been recognized both economically and therapeutically as a novel approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, and certain others, which respond poorly to drug therapy. This report is about Adacolumn, an adsorptive carrier based granulocyte and monocyte apheresis device with a volume of 335 mL, filled with about 220 g of cellulose acetate beads of 2 mm diameter as the column adsorptive carriers. Pre- and post-column leukocyte counts have shown that the carriers adsorb about 65% of granulocytes, 55% of monocytes and 2% of lymphocytes from the blood in the column. Additionally, after apheresis, there is a marked decrease in inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8) produced by blood leukocytes, together with down-modulation of L-selectin and the chemokine receptor CXCR3. Adacolumn has been used to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis and HIV infection. Typical apheresis sessions have been 4-10, at a frequency of one or two sessions per week. Treatment of patients with Adacolumn has been associated with very promising efficacy and safety data. Accordingly, in Japan, Adacolumn has been approved by the Ministry of Health for the treatment of ulcerative colitia. Furthermore, Adacolumn met the required quality and safety standards for medical devices and received an EC certification (CE-mark) from TUV in 1999. However, although Adacolumn carriers are very efficient in depleting excess and activated granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages, the clinical efficacy associated with Adacolumn apheresis cannot be fully explained on the basis of reducing granulocytes and monocytes per se. Hence, a long lasting effect on inflammatory cytokine generation, chemokine activities or immunomodulation is likely, but the precise mechanisms involved are not fully understood yet. 相似文献
89.
Effect of cilnidipine on insulin sensitivity in patients with essential hypertension. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Shinji Yagi Seiichi Goto Taro Yamamoto Susumu Kurihara Shigehiro Katayama 《Hypertension research》2003,26(5):383-387
To clarify the effect of cilnidipine, a long-acting dihydropyridine Ca-antagonist that blocks both L- and N-type Ca(2+)-channels, on insulin sensitivity, cilnidipine at 5 to 10 mg/day was administered to ten patients with essential hypertension for 12 weeks. Mean age and body mass index (BMI) were 57.7 +/- 5.0 (SEM) years old and 27.1 +/- 1.5, respectively. Blood pressure, serum levels of catecholamines, glucose and lipid were determined before and after the treatment. Insulin sensitivity was also measured by a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method using an artificial pancreas (STG-22; Nikiso, Tokyo, Japan) before and after the treatment. Cilnidipine administration significantly lowered blood pressure from 154/96 to 137/84 mmHg (p<0.05). The glucose infusion rate was significantly increased by 20.8%, from 3.27 +/- 0.36 to 3.95 +/- 0.55 mg/kg/min (p<0.05). HbA1C and serum lipid levels such as total cholesterol and triglyceride were not altered. In addition, cilnidipine treatment did not significantly increase serum norepinephrine levels (278 +/- 25.2 vs. 332 +/- 33.6 pg/ml). Our results suggest that cilnidipine improves insulin sensitivity, possibly due to its exerting a vasodilatory action without stimulating sympathetic nervous activity. 相似文献
90.
Qi JH Matsumoto T Huang K Olausson K Christofferson R Claesson-Welsh L 《Angiogenesis》1999,3(4):371-380
Angiogenesis involves endothelial cell invasion and migration into the surrounding tissue where cells differentiate, to form
new lumen-containing vessels. We have investigated the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) in vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF)- and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-induced angiogenesis. Angiogenesis in vivo in chick embryos was inhibited by treatment with the PI3-kinase inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002. Stimulation of primary
bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cells with FGF-2, VEGF-A165, or a combination of the two induced PI3-kinase activity in vitro and subsequent activation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt. The combination of FGF-2 and VEGF-A165 led to an additive response. Activation of PI3-kinase was strictly required for FGF-2- and VEGF-A165-induced migration and DNA synthesis of BCE cells. Tubular morphogenesis was unaffected by treatment with wortmannin or LY294002,
but survival of the tubular structures was dependent on PI3-kinase activity. VEGF-A165 and FGF-2 induced increased stability of the tubular structures in a synergistic manner. These data indicate that PI3-kinase
activity is required for migration, mitogenicity and survival but not for differentiation of endothelial cells during angiogenesis.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献