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11.
Event-related potentials (ERPs) to visual stimuli were recorded from the scalp of eight adult humans performing a task in which they counted vowels from a heard story. In the oddball condition, a repeated (standard) light bar of 50 ms in duration was rarely (P = 0.1) replaced by a (deviant) one differing in orientation from the standard. In the control condition, standards were simply omitted from the series and only (alone-) deviants retained. In both conditions, visual stimuli were asynchronous with auditory-task-relevant stimuli. ERPs to deviants significantly differed in amplitude from those to standards in the midline electrodes centrally, parietally and occipitally at 160-200 ms from stimulus onset. Occipitally, such a difference was absent between ERPs to alone-deviants and those to standards. The occipital differential ERPs to deviants, which thus could be found only when standards were present in the series, are discussed in the context of the mismatch negativity (MMN). 相似文献
12.
Tapani Pöyhönen Kari L. Keskinen Arto Hautala Jukka Savolainen Esko Mälkiä 《European journal of applied physiology》1999,80(1):52-56
This study was designed to determine trial-to-trial and day-to-day reproducibility of isometric force and electromyogram activity (EMG) of the knee extensor muscles in water and on dry land as well as to make comparisons between the two training conditions in muscle activity and force production. A group of 20 healthy subjects (12 women and 8 men) were tested three times over 2 weeks. A measurement session consisted of recordings of maximal and submaximal isometric knee extension force with simultaneous recording of surface EMG from the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and biceps femoris muscles. To ensure identical measurement conditions the same patient elevator chair was used in both the dry and the wet environment. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CV) showed high trial-to-trial (ICC=0.95–0.99, CV=3.5%–11%) and day-to-day reproducibility (ICC=0.85–0.98, CV=11%–19%) for underwater and dry land measurements of force and EMG in each muscle during maximal contractions. The day-to-day reproducibility for submaximal contractions was similar. The interesting finding was that underwater EMG amplitude decreased significantly in each muscle during maximal (P?0.01–P?0.001) and submaximal contractions (P?0.05–P?0.001). However, the isometric force measurements showed similar values in both wet and dry conditions. The water had no disturbing effect on the electrodes as shown by slightly lowered interelectrode resistance values, the absence of artefacts and low noise levels of the EMG signals. It was concluded that underwater force and EMG measurements are highly reproducible. The significant decrease of underwater EMG could have electromechanical and / or neurophysiological explanations. 相似文献
13.
Pekka Kuittinen Timo Juhani Aalto Tapani Heikkil? Ville Leinonen Sakari Savolainen Petri Sipola Heikki Kr?ger Veli Turunen Olavi Airaksinen 《BMC musculoskeletal disorders》2012,13(1):1-5
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the joints causing unpredictable episodes of pain, stiffness and disability. People with rheumatoid arthritis usually require lifelong specialist follow-up but frequently have periods when their disease can be managed through self-care or that provided by their general practitioner. Compared to the traditional clinician-driven care in rheumatoid arthritis, patient-initiated care has proven to be more beneficial in terms of reducing unnecessary medical reviews, providing greater satisfaction to patients and staffs and maintaining the patient??s physical and psychological status. We aim to evaluate the implementation of a patient-initiated review system in a routine secondary care rheumatology service in a public hospital in England, where patients get the opportunity to self-manage their disease by requesting specialist reviews at times of need instead of clinician-scheduled appointments.Methods/design
Three hundred and eighty patients attending routine review at Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust will be randomised to either enrol immediately into a patient-initiated review system (direct access group), or to be seen regularly by a clinician at the hospital (regular clinician-initiated group). Patients (or their general practitioner) in the direct access group can arrange a review by calling a rheumatology nurse-led advice line that enables telephone delivered clinical advice, or where appropriate, an appointment with a rheumatologist within 10 working days. Patients in the regular clinician-initiated group will attend their planned appointments at regular intervals during the intervening period of 12 months. The primary outcome of interest is patient satisfaction; secondary outcomes include service use, waiting times and clinical measures. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews will be conducted with a subset of patients and staff with the aim of identifying facilitators/barriers in implementing patient-initiated clinics.Discussion
The implementation of a patient-initiated review system in routine care rheumatology will replace the fixed clinician-driven review system with a more flexible patient-driven system where patients usually self-manage their disease, but can request prompt help when required. We believe that this study will enable a comparison of the changes in local services and will be helpful in exploring the benefits/drawbacks of such implementation, thus providing lessons for implementation in other hospitals and for other chronic diseases. 相似文献14.
Ruihua Zhang Ye Ren Chunyan Liu Na Xu Xiaoli Li Fengyu Cong Tapani Ristaniemi YuPing Wang 《Clinical neurophysiology》2017,128(9):1707-1718
Objective
Neural activity of the epileptic human brain contains low- and high-frequency oscillations in different frequency bands, some of which have been used as reliable biomarkers of the epileptogenic brain areas. However, the relationship between the low- and high-frequency oscillations in different cortical areas during the period from pre-seizure to post-seizure has not been completely clarified.Methods
We recorded electrocorticogram data from the temporal lobe and hippocampus of seven patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. The modulation index based on the Kullback-Leibler distance and the phase-amplitude coupling co-modulogram were adopted to quantify the coupling strength between the phase of low-frequency oscillations (0.2–10 Hz) and the amplitude of high-frequency oscillations (11–400 Hz) in different seizure epochs. The time-varying phase-amplitude modulogram was used to analyze the phase-amplitude coupling pattern during the entire period from pre-seizure to post-seizure in both the left and right temporal lobe and hippocampus. Channels with strong modulation index were compared with the seizure onset channels identified by the neurosurgeons and the resection channels in the clinical surgery.Results
The phase-amplitude coupling strength (modulation index) increased significantly in the mid-seizure epoch and decrease significantly in seizure termination and post-seizure epochs (p < 0.001). The strong phase-amplitude-modulating low- and high-frequency oscillations in the mid-seizure epoch were mainly δ, θ, and α oscillations and γ and ripple oscillations, respectively. The phase-amplitude modulation and strength varied among channels and was asymmetrical in the left and right temporal cortex and hippocampus. The “fall-max” phase-amplitude modulation pattern, i.e., high-frequency amplitudes were largest in the low-frequency phase range [?π, 0], which corresponded to the falling edges of low-frequency oscillations, appeared in the middle period of the seizures at epileptic focus channels. Channels with strong modulation index appeared on the corresponding left or right temporal cortex of surgical resection and overlapped with the clinical resection zones in all patients.Conclusions
The “fall-max” pattern between the phase of low-frequency oscillation and amplitude of high-frequency oscillation that appeared in the middle period of the seizures is a reliable biomarker in epileptogenic cortical areas. The modulation index can be used as a good tool for lateralization and localization for the epileptic focus in patients with epilepsy.Significance
Phase-amplitude coupling can provide meaningful reference for accurate resection of epileptogenic focus and provide insight into the underlying neural dynamics of the epileptic seizure in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. 相似文献15.
Ye Ren Xiaoli Li Fengyu Cong Shuying Xiao Qin Zhang Ting Ao Jun Zhang Yuping Wang Tapani Ristaniemi Ruihua Zhang 《Epileptic Disord》2020,22(4):489-493
Temperature‐related reflex epilepsy most often takes the form of hot water epilepsy, but very rarely, reflex epilepsy is related to cold temperature. We report a 70‐year‐old male who had seizures triggered by cold sensations in the body. Four antiepileptic drugs were taken during the drug treatment, and oxcarbazepine was the most effective at stopping the seizures. We implemented clinical seizure induction and obtained EEG data from an interictal period and two complete ictal periods. Source estimation was performed to identify and map the primary sources involved in the seizures on the cortical level. We found that β rhythm appeared on the prefrontal lobes during the whole ictal period. The low‐frequency slow δ and θ rhythms, especially the δ rhythm, appeared in the occipital lobe in the early ictal stage and propagated to the right temporal lobe in the mid‐late ictal stage. The prefrontal lobe and right temporal lobe were mainly involved in the generation and propagation of the epileptic activities. This study provides a valuable reference for clinical drug therapy and provides insights into the characteristics of the brain activities involved in cold‐induced reflex epilepsy. [Published with video sequences]. 相似文献
16.
Soile Ruottinen Tapani Rönnemaa Harri Niinikoski Hanna Lagström Maiju Saarinen Katja Pahkala Tuuli Kaitosaari Jorma Viikari Olli Simell 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》2009,98(10):1667-1673
Aim: To study the association between carbohydrate intake and serum lipids in children, and influence of apolipoprotein E phenotype (apoE) on the association.
Subjects/methods: A total of 644 children from a prospective, randomized atherosclerosis prevention trial (STRIP) participated in this longitudinal study at age 5 (n = 644), 7 (n = 585) and 9 (n = 550) years. ApoE phenotype, fasting triglyceride, total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations and 4-day food records were analysed.
Results: An increase in the total carbohydrate intake by 1 E% (percentage of total daily energy intake) associated with a decrease in HDL cholesterol by 0.006 mmol/L (p < 0.001) when adjusted for saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid, age, gender, body mass index and STRIP study group. The inverse association between total carbohydrate intake and HDL cholesterol was evident in children with apoE3 (p < 0.001) or apoE4 (p < 0.001), but not in those with apoE2 (p = 0.78). An increase in total carbohydrate intake by 1 E% increased triglycerides by 0.02 mmol/L (p < 0.001) independently of apoE phenotype, while 1 E% increase in sucrose intake increased triglycerides by 0.01 mmol/L (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Carbohydrate intake has a relatively small effect on serum lipids in children. Children with the apoE3 or E4 but not with E2 phenotype show reduction in HDL cholesterol with increasing carbohydrate intake indicating that genetic and environmental factors interact with children's lipoprotein metabolism. 相似文献
Subjects/methods: A total of 644 children from a prospective, randomized atherosclerosis prevention trial (STRIP) participated in this longitudinal study at age 5 (n = 644), 7 (n = 585) and 9 (n = 550) years. ApoE phenotype, fasting triglyceride, total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations and 4-day food records were analysed.
Results: An increase in the total carbohydrate intake by 1 E% (percentage of total daily energy intake) associated with a decrease in HDL cholesterol by 0.006 mmol/L (p < 0.001) when adjusted for saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid, age, gender, body mass index and STRIP study group. The inverse association between total carbohydrate intake and HDL cholesterol was evident in children with apoE3 (p < 0.001) or apoE4 (p < 0.001), but not in those with apoE2 (p = 0.78). An increase in total carbohydrate intake by 1 E% increased triglycerides by 0.02 mmol/L (p < 0.001) independently of apoE phenotype, while 1 E% increase in sucrose intake increased triglycerides by 0.01 mmol/L (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Carbohydrate intake has a relatively small effect on serum lipids in children. Children with the apoE3 or E4 but not with E2 phenotype show reduction in HDL cholesterol with increasing carbohydrate intake indicating that genetic and environmental factors interact with children's lipoprotein metabolism. 相似文献
17.
Haider Al‐Hello Petri Ylipaasto Teemu Smura Elisabeth Rieder Tapani Hovi Merja Roivainen 《Journal of medical virology》2009,81(2):296-304
It was shown recently that 15 successive passages of a laboratory strain of the Coxsackie B virus 5 in a mouse pancreas (CBV‐5‐MPP) resulted in apparent changes in the virus phenotype, which led to the capacity to induce a diabetes‐like syndrome in mice. For further characterization of islet cell interactions with a passaged virus strain, a murine insulinoma cell line, MIN‐6, was selected as an experimental model. The CBV‐5‐MPP virus strain was not able to replicate in MIN‐6 cells in vitro but required adaptation over a few days for progeny production and the generation of cytopathic effects. In order to determine the genetic characteristics required for virus growth in MIN‐6 cells, the whole genome of the MIN‐6‐adapted virus variant was sequenced, and critical amino acids were identified by comparing the sequence with that of a virus strain passaged repeatedly in the mouse pancreas. The results of site‐directed mutagenesis demonstrated that only one residue, amino acid 94 of VP1, is a major determinant for virus adaptation to MIN‐6 cells. J. Med. Virol. 81:296–304, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
18.
Five years' experience of intrauterine contraception with the Nova-T and the Copper-T-200 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tapani Luukkainen Hannu Allonen Niels-Christian Nielsen Karl-Gösta Nygren Tapani Pyörälä 《American journal of obstetrics and gynecology》1983,147(8):885-892
A randomized study was performed for the comparison of two copper-releasing intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs), the Nova-T and the Copper-T-200, simultaneously in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. Five years' experience demonstrated that Nova-T users had a significantly lower pregnancy rate than Copper-T-200 users. The Pearl index over 5 years was 0.8 for Nova-T users and 2.0 for Copper-T users. The performance and tolerance of the Nova-T were less affected by parity and age than was the performance of the Copper-T. Infections were treated by removal of the device and with antibiotics. The cumulative rate of removals because of infections and suspected infections was below 5 with both devices over 5 years. The copper wire in the Nova-T has a silver core which prevents corrosion-induced fragmentation of the wire. Hence, the effective lifetime of this device is more than 5 years. The results indicate that the Nova-T, which is easy to insert and remove and is associated with a low pregnancy rate and a low medical termination rate, is a real improvement over other IUDs. 相似文献
19.
Factors explaining recurrence in patients undergoing chemoimmunotherapy regimens for frequently recurring superficial bladder carcinoma 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Kaasinen E Rintala E Hellström P Viitanen J Juusela H Rajala P Korhonen H Liukkonen T;FinnBladder Group 《European urology》2002,42(2):167-174
OBJECTIVES: To study the factors determining new recurrences in patients with frequently recurring superficial bladder tumors. METHODS: Of all 205 eligible patients, each received 5 weekly intravesical instillations of mitomycin C (MMC), with the first instillation given perioperatively. This was followed, according to randomization, by BCG instillations alone or by alternating instillations of interferon-alpha and BCG monthly for up to 1 year. Impact of 12 variables on time to first recurrence was retrospectively studied with the Cox multiple hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Type of regimen was the most significant factor determining new recurrences, with preceding recurrence rate being the most important prognostic factor. Timing of the first MMC was the third significant predictor in the main multivariate analysis, with more than a two-fold relative risk for a new recurrence if the first MMC instillation was given later than on day 0. CONCLUSION: Preceding recurrence rate, most accurately reflects, in patients with frequently recurring tumors, the inherent risk for new recurrences. This risk can be considerably reduced by use of an effective chemoimmunotherapy regimen, and in addition, by inclusion of an early perioperative chemotherapy instillation in such a regimen. 相似文献
20.
Suvisaari J Mautemps N Haukka J Hovi T Lönnqvist J 《The American journal of psychiatry》2003,160(6):1183-1185
OBJECTIVE: An earlier Finnish cohort study suggested that childhood viral CNS infections are associated with a fivefold increased odds of developing schizophrenia in adulthood. The authors sought to replicate this finding. METHOD: From the archives of the Department of Virology of the National Public Health Institute in Finland, 320 individuals born between 1960 and 1976 who had suffered virologically confirmed CNS infections before their 15th birthdays were identified. Of the infections, 202 had been caused by enteroviruses. The sample was followed up in the 1969-2000 records of the National Hospital Discharge Register of Finland to identify all cases of schizophrenia that emerged. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of schizophrenia was 0.94% in the whole sample and 0.99% among individuals who had suffered enteroviral infections. These rates are comparable to that found in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood viral CNS infections were not associated with increased risk of schizophrenia. 相似文献