Induction and characterization of heat shock proteins of Salmonella typhi and their reactivity with sera from patients with typhoid fever.

The heat shock protein (HSP) response of Salmonella typhi following exposure to elevated growth temperatures was studied. Three major proteins with molecular sizes of 58, 68, and 88 kDa were abundantly expressed when S. typhi cells were shifted from 37 to 45 degrees C and to 55 degrees C. These proteins were also constitutively expressed at 37 degrees C. Western blotting and immunoprecipitation studies with anti-HSP monoclonal antibodies revealed that the 58- and 68-kDa proteins were analogous to the GroEL and DnaK proteins, respectively, of Escherichia coli. These HSPs are also abundantly present in the outer membrane fraction of disrupted cells and, to a lesser extent, in the cytosol. Immunoblotting experiments with sera from patients with a culture-positive diagnosis of typhoid fever showed the presence of antibodies to these HSPs. Nine of twelve sera reacted with the 58-, 68-, and 88-kDa proteins, while three sera reacted only with the 68- and 88-kDa proteins. All 10 sera from healthy individuals showed no binding to these HSPs. In light of the well-documented roles of HSPs in the pathogenesis of microbial infections and as immunodominant antigens, these findings may be relevant for a better understanding of disease processes and for the future development of diagnostic and preventive strategies.     

Porcine TCR CD3zeta-chain and eta-chain

Complete porcine CD3ζ-chain cDNA sequence was obtained for the first time, and its genomic nucleotide sequence was investigated from exon 2 down to CD3η-chain exon 8. The sequence of porcine CD3ζ-chain showed homologous amino acid sequence with human and murine counterparts, in contrast to CD3η-chain exon 8 with diversity among animals previously investigated. CD3η-chain peptide is an alternative splice form of CD3ζ-chain exon 7 splicing to CD3η-chain exon 8 instead of CD3ζ-chain exon 8. The genomic sequences revealed that the splice acceptor sequences of CD3η-chain exon 8 of all animals investigated to be completely uniform. Further, CD3η-chain exon 8 amino acid sequences retained the unique characters of having high proline (Pro) and positively charged amino acid content except for rats and mice. Although the biological role of CD3η-chain remains to be enigmatic, these evidences suggests the evolutional pressure to maintain its sequence.     

Biological and Genetic Differences Between Lung- and Brain-Derived Isolates of Maedi-Visna Virus

During the epidemic caused by maedi-visna virus (MVV) of sheep in Iceland, the pulmonary affection, maedi, was the predominant clinical manifestation. In some flocks, however, a central nervous system (CNS) affection, visna, was the main cause of morbidity and mortality. As there is only one breed of sheep in the country, host factors did apparently not play an important role in the different clinical manifestations. To obtain some information on possible viral genetic determinants of neurotropism and neurovirulence we studied both phenotypic and genotypic properties of two maedi-visna virus strains; a strain that was originally isolated from the brain of sheep with encephalitis (visna), and another strain isolated from the lungs of a sheep suffering from pneumonia (maedi). The brain isolate was found to grow faster in sheep choroid plexus cells than the lung isolate, whereas the growth rate in macrophages was similar for the maedi and visna virus strains. Intracerebral inoculation indicated that the visna virus isolate induced more severe brain lesions than the maedi isolate. In addition, a pathogenic molecular clone derived from a visna strain (KV1772kv72/67) was tested for growth in sheep choroid plexus cells and macrophages. The molecularly cloned virus retained the fast growth rate in choroid plexus cells. The nucleotide sequence of the env gene and the U3 of the LTR was determined for the maedi strain and compared to that of the visna strains. There was an 11.7% difference in deduced amino acid sequence in the Env protein and a 6% difference in the LTR. The molecular clone KV1772kv72/67 will be a useful reagent for characterization of viral determinants of cell tropism in vitro and possibly neurovirulence in vivo. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

微创克氏针置入并外固定架修复桡骨远端不稳定骨骺骨折

背景：单纯使用克氏针或外固定架治疗桡骨远端骨骺骨折的临床实践中,仍存在桡骨短缩、骨折移位等固定后并发症,尤其在不稳定骨骺骨折情况下。克氏针主要治疗桡骨远端骨折,对其骨骺骨折使用相对较少。 目的：观察外固定支架结合经皮克氏针复位固定微创治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨骺骨折的临床效果。 方法：对90例桡骨远端骨骺骨折患儿行固定治疗,在不切开情况下微创闭合复位骨折骨骺,随机分成2组,对照组采用单纯跨腕关节外固定支架固定方案;观察组采用跨腕关节外固定支架结合经皮克氏针闭合帮助复位固定骨骺骨折方案。固定后行腕关节功能锻炼,分别于固定后9周及24个月随访观察。对比两组患者固定后中远期的临床疗效、腕关节功能恢复及X射线检查情况。 结果与结论：固定后24个月随访按Cooney标准评定腕关节功能,对照组优良率77%,X射线评定优良率63%;观察组腕关节功能优良率93%,X射线评定优良率为90%,两组差异具有显著性意义(P < 0.01)。两组骨骺骨折患者均获临床骨愈合,腕关节均功能恢复。提示外固定支架结合克氏针闭合复位微创治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨骺骨折,可应用克氏针辅助复位掌倾角及尺偏角,治疗简单,固定可靠,腕关节功能恢复良好,骨骺畸形愈合并发症少,固定后基本生活学习功能恢复正常,疗效稳定满意,其临床疗效明显优于单纯跨外固定支架固定。     

生物止血材料在妇产科手术中的应用

背景：良好的生物敷料或纱布可直接促进凝血过程,不仅可用于广泛渗血创面,且在一些常用的妇产科手术中能有效降低渗血率。 目的：评价不同生物止血敷料及纱布的材料学性能及应用于妇产科切口的生物相容性,寻找符合不同切口创面需要的止血材料。 方法：采用电子检索的方式,在万方数据库(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/)中检索1999-01/2011-04有关妇产科生物止血材料应用的研究文章,关键词为“妇产科,生物材料,止血敷料,纱布,胶原/壳聚糖”,排除重复研究、普通综述或Meta分析类文章,筛选纳入30篇文献进行评价。 结果与结论：近几年国内外生物医用可吸收止血材料主要包括纤维蛋白胶、壳聚糖、明胶海绵、氰基丙烯酸酯类组织胶、氧化纤维素和氧化再生纤维素等。各种止血性伤口急救材料都有各自的特点,但在妇产科应用的选择上,应考虑多方面因素,包括手术部位、出血部位、切口形态大小、不同渗/出血情况的填塞要求、不同止血材料的自身性能及与机体的相容性等。但因目前尚无完全符合理想标准的材料,因此开发新的快速止血和与宿主相容性良好的止血材料及复合材料势在必行。     

吴茱萸碱、小檗碱对SGC-7901/DDP耐药性及耐药相关蛋白的影响

目的：探讨吴茱萸碱、小檗碱及其联合使用对顺铂（Cisplatin, DDP）耐药胃癌细胞SGC7901/DDP敏感性的作用。方法：体外诱导建立人胃癌顺铂耐药细胞株SGC-7901/DDP,实验分为对照组、DDP组、吴茱萸碱+DDP 组、小檗碱+DDP 组及吴茱萸碱+小檗碱+DDP 组,CCK8 检测各组SGC-7901/DDP 细胞增殖能力;Western Blot 分析耐药及凋亡相关蛋白P-gp、MRP、caspase-3、caspase-9的表达。结果：CCK8实验表明吴茱萸碱、小檗碱在不影响SGC-7901/DDP 细胞活力的情况下可显著增强DDP抑制细胞增殖的作用,且小檗碱（8 μM）与吴茱萸碱（3.2 μM）联合给药增强SGC-7901/DDP化疗敏感性的作用明显强于二者单独给药（P <0.001）;Western Blot结果表明,SGC-7901/DDP细胞经吴茱萸碱、小檗碱处理后,caspase-3、caspase-9表达上调,P-gp、MRP表达下调。结论：吴茱萸碱、小檗碱单用及其联用可在体外显著增强SGC-7901/DDP细胞对DDP的敏感性,其效应与凋亡蛋白caspase-3、caspase-9表达升高,耐药相关蛋白P-gp、MRP表达下调相关。     

温肺平喘法治疗支气管哮喘发作期冷哮证临床研究

目的观察温肺平喘法治疗支气管哮喘发作期冷哮证的临床疗效。方法患者150例随机分为两组各75例,中药组采用温肺平喘法治疗,西药组给予多索茶碱片治疗,必要时用沙丁胺醇气雾剂,疗程均为7 d。观察比较两组临床效果、治疗前后单项中医证候积分以及肺功能(FEV1%、FVC%、FEV1/FVC)指标。结果中药组总有效率为92.00%,显著高于西药组的80.00%(P<0.05)。两组喘息、咳嗽、胸闷气短、咯痰、喉中哮鸣音症状的单项积分均较治疗前改善(P<0.05),中药组改善更为显著(P<0.05)。治疗后两组的肺功能指标FEV1%、FVC%、FEV1/FVC均有所提高(P<0.05);中药组改善更为显著(P<0.05)。结论温肺平喘法治疗支气管哮喘发作期冷哮证疗效显著,能够改善支气管哮喘发作期冷哮证的临床症状,降低再次复发率,无明显不良反应。     

赖新生通元针法结合中药治疗梅核气临证探微

探究赖新生教授用通元针法结合中药治疗梅核气的临证经验.赖教授指出本病病因病机为情志失宜,气血失和,肝气易郁,气痰胶结.病理因素以气、痰为主,久则生瘀、化火,甚至导致阴阳虚损.治疗上予通督调神,安养脏腑;引气归元,通调气血,并重视疏导情志,心身同调.附验案一则以佐证.     

锁定加压钢板内固定术治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折临床观察

目的：探讨掌侧入路切开复位锁定加压钢板内固定术治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法：采用切开复位锁定加压钢板内固定术治疗18例桡骨远端粉碎性骨折。结果：18例患者（均为单侧）全部获得6～15个月随访,平均8个月,骨折均完全愈合,平均愈合时间3个月。桡骨长度无短缩,随访未发现钢板、螺钉松动、钢板断裂及骨折移位现象。按GartandWerley评分标准进行腕关节功能评估,18例患者功能评定为优,无并发症发生。结论：早期行切开复位锁定加压钢板内固定术是治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折较理想的方法。     

艾灸刺激穴位局部感受的生物学基础

穴位既是艾灸取得临床疗效的关键环节,也是艾灸作用的始动环节。从穴位局部的源头去探寻艾灸的作用机理,可能是艾灸作用机理研究的重要突破口。本文重点从穴位局部温度、血流、分子事件、免疫、瞬时感受器电位通道、嘌呤信号等环节,初步诠释艾灸穴位局部感受的生物学基础。