A preliminary study of the changes in the direct-acting mutagenicities of several nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons after exposure under sunlight

Five commercially available nitropolyclyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH), namely, 4-nitrobiphenyl, 2-nitrofluorene, 9-nitroanthracene, 1-nitropyrene, and 2,7-dinitrofluorene, were exposed under restricted sunlight in the open air. The direct-acting mutagenicities of the samples after an exposure of 45 days were measured in order to compare them with those of the original samples in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium bioassay. It was found that the mutagenicities of some nitro-PAH do not change significantly while the mutagenicities of others increase or decrease after exposure. A preliminary study of nitro-PAH reaction products after exposure using GC, GC/MS, and FT-IR is also reported.     

Root avulsion of brachial plexus in infants and children.

Twenty-one patients, under 6 years of age, with root avulsion of the brachial plexus were treated from 1975 to 1987. Among them, 9 had root avulsion of the upper trunk, 2 root avulsion of the lower trunk with middle trunk broken, and 10 root avulsion of the whole brachial plexus. Follow-up of 16 patients showed excellent results in 2 patients, good in 11, fair in 1 and poor in 2. It is suggested that good results can be obtained if multi-paired nerve transfer is adopted in treatment. We conclude that owing to anatomical and physiological characteristics of the respiratory system in children, it is harmful to perform phrenic nerve transfer concomitantly with intercostal nerve transfer. Advisably, two-stage operation is required, otherwise dyspnea and pneumonia are liable to occur. In addition, the time of the operation could be extended to 4-5 years after injury in children, but best results are obtained if the operation is performed within 1 year.

     

近节指骨段屈肌腱鞘不同范围损伤对肌腱功能的影响

目的 探索手指屈肌腱在近节指骨段不同范围损伤时对屈指肌腱功能的影响。方法 采用12只成人尸体手指。实验分为:第一阶段屈指肌腱完整,以后四个阶段依次沿近节指骨掌侧小线闭开小央1/4、1/2、3/4及全长。在掌指关节被动屈80°和掌指关节屈80°同时近侧指关节屈100°时,测量指浅屈肌腱(FDS)和指深屈肌腱(FDP)的滑动距离。根据肌腱力臂和滑动距离的关系,得出屈指肌腱在掌指关节处和近侧指间关节及肌腱在近节指骨段的弓弦畸形程度。结果 腱鞘中央1/4切开时,指屈肌腱的滑动距离、力臂均无显著变化;1/2切开后,单纯屈曲掌指关节时的FDS腱和掌指、近节指间关节屈曲时的FDS、HDP腱的滑动距离和力臂较腱鞘完整时显苫增大(P<0.05);切开3/4长度后,FDS、FDP腱滑动距离均有统计学意义变化,FDS、FDP腱力臂平均增加8～9％;全切开腱鞘,FDS、FDP腱滑动距离变化正统计学上有高度显著性(P<0.01),两腱力臂分别增加16％和15％。随腱鞘切开范围增大,FDS、FDP在近节指骨段的弓弦畸形程度也越来越大。结论 从肌腱的生物力学变化可见,近节指骨段腱鞘的小范围损伤如中间1/4以内损伤时,对肌腱功能影响小,可以不予修复;若损伤超过1/2长度,尤其对腱鞘全长损伤,应予以修复以恢复肌腱功能。     

小儿先天性髋关节脱位近年来应用术式的演变及其评估

本文介绍本院近４年来小儿先天性髋脱位治疗应用术式的演变。由２０多年来一直喜欢用骨盆截骨术演变为近１年来用得最多的是造盖术。近４年共手术４６３例，５６５髋。实践证明：比起骨盆截骨术，造盖术显得更简便，侵袭小，不需二次手术拔除内固定针。因在我国大龄髋脱位偏多，造盖术更适合我国国情。经过一些改进，可以克服造盖折断和吸收问题。     

Observation on 108 Normal Ophthalmic Arteries in 80 Patients by Digital Subtraction Angiography

By digital subtraction angiography(DSA), the authors made observations on 108 normal ophthalmic arteries in 80 patients with regard to the origins, courses, branching, morphology and anastomoses of the vessels. The merits and demerits of DSA in observing the ophthalmic artery were discussed. Eye Science 1994; 10: 157- 162.     

Obstructive urinary tract diseases and prenatal diagnosis. Timing of surgical correction]

The Authors are reviewing their experience of Obstructive Uropathies diagnosed and treated surgically in neonates, the last 8 years in their Institution. 67 cases were reviewed, in which 37 presented with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJ). 13 with posterior urethral valves, 11 with primary megaureter and 6 with ureterocele. Prenatal ultrasonography allowed the diagnosis to be made in two third of the patients. UPJ is the most common obstructive uropathy observed. Posterior urethral valves the most severe because of high pulmonary and renal (dysplasia) complication rate. Surgery, when indicated, has no more complications to be expected than in general population, if oriented prophylactic measures are taken in the early peri- and postoperative period.     

Monitoring of serum markers for fibrosis during CCl4-induced liver damage. Effects of anti-fibrotic agents.

Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by repeated peritoneal injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) over a period of 2-11 weeks. Serum procollagen III peptide (SPIIINP), prolidase (SP) and alanine aminotransferase (SALT) levels were monitored during the period of induction. The extent of fibrosis was semi-quantitatively estimated after collagen staining, and the anti-fibrotic effects of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (DMPGE2), colchicine, and zinc sulphate were studied. SPIIINP and SP were increased the first 2 weeks after CCl4 administration and peaked at 6 weeks. Alterations in SPIIINP and SP correlated well to the semi-quantitative histological score of liver sections during the first 6 weeks, and SP was positively related to SPIIINP throughout the whole induction period. DMPGE2 decreased SPIIINP, SP and SALT significantly in addition to a markedly decreased formation of liver collagens. Colchicine had a similar but less dramatic effect, whereas zinc sulphate only reduced SPIIINP without influencing liver damage. In conclusion SPIIINP seems to be a valuable indicator of liver fibrogenesis, and SP may play a limited role in indicating accelerated collagen metabolism in the liver. DMPGE2 obviously inhibited the production of collagens induced by CCl4. Colchicine also had an apparent effect on liver fibrosis, whereas zinc sulphate merely seemed to postpone it.