Immunoelectron microscopical study of non-lymphocytic leukemic cells. Expressing human granulocyte antigen defined by monoclonal antibody 1G10

The cells from 5 cases of non-lymphocytic leukemia were investigated by immunoelectron microscopy using an anti-granulocyte antibody, clone 1G10 (New England Nuclear), to clarify the nature of immature leukemic cells. Reaction products on the surface of the leukemic cells were composed of two layers, an inner translucent and an outer dense granular zone. Although non-leukemic cells of the granulocytic series in various stages of maturation between promyelocytes and neutrophils were all positive for the antigen-antibody reaction, non-neoplastic monocytes and lymphocytes were all negative. Using this method, it was possible to diagnose the undifferentiated leukemic cells that were negative for myeloperoxidase. Furthermore, the results of our present study suggest the possibility that the antibody 1G10 may be useful for distinguishing granulocytic cells from cells of monocytic lineage.     

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in malignant and pre-malignant lesions of epithelial origin in the oral cavity and the skin: an immunohistochemical study

Summary Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a nuclear protein synthesized in the late G₁ and S phase of the cell cycle and immunohistochemical detection of the protein represents a useful marker for the proliferating fraction of cells in tissue specimens. A series of malignant and pre-malignant lesions of the oral cavity and skin were evaluated by the streptavidin biotin immunoperoxidase method for detection of this protein. Monoclonal anti-PCNA antibody (PC 10) labelled proliferating cells in all cases with varying intensity of nuclear staining. In squamous cell carcinoma (n=48), PCNA positivity correlated with the differentiation and atypia of the tumour cells; however, in poorly differentiated tumours, the relationship between PCNA expression and proliferation was lost. Basal cell carcinoma showed an increased growth fraction in tiny epithelial nests (mean 43.8, SD 6.0,n=20) than in neoplastic basal cells (mean 30.1, SD 6.9,n=8). The growth fractions were significantly higher in the pre-malignant lesions (leukoplakia, mean 22.3, SD 7.7,n=14; Bowen's disease, mean 45.2, SD 11.7,n=12; senile keratosis, mean 41.2, SD 7.0,n=12) than in the normal mucosa (mean 9.8, SD 4.9,n=10), suggesting that cellular growth fractions correlate with the degree of dysplasia in pre-malignant lesions.     

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma of AILD (angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia) type involving gastrointestinal tract. A morphologic, phenotypic and genotypic study.

A case of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD) which showed widespread involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is reported. A lymph node biopsy specimen showed the characteristic histological features of AILD. During the progression of the illness, lymphomatous lesions developed in the gastrointestinal tract, complicated by cytomegalovirus infection. A double immunoenzymatic study using a combination of Ki-67 antibody and antibodies against surface antigens demonstrated that CD3+, CD4+, and/or T-cell receptor (TCR) beta+ cells were predominant (67-68%) among the population of proliferating Ki-67% cells, rather than CD8+ or CD22+ cells. Clonal rearrangement of the TCR beta chain gene was also detected. These findings provide further evidence for the neoplastic nature of lesions of this type, and the diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma.     

Monocytoid B-cell lymphoma: a study of 36 cases

We have studied 36 cases of monocytoid B-cell lymphoma (MBCL). We confirm the predilection for females (30 of 36; ratio, five women to one man). The median age was 65 years (range, 29 to 85 years). Monocytoid B-cell lymphoma characteristically involves peripheral lymph nodes (30 of 36) with a propensity for paraparotid or intraparotid nodes. Salivary glands were affected in five patients. Other extranodal sites of involvement included breast, thyroid, stomach, and soft tissue of chest wall. Eight patients manifested with Sj?gren's syndrome, one had systemic lupus erythematosus, one presented initially with Raynaud's phenomenon, and two had a monoclonal gammopathy. "Composite lymphomas" were encountered in seven patients. In addition, association with or progression to a higher-grade lymphoma, ie, mixed small and large cell (one) and large cell (six), was observed in seven patients and was associated with a more aggressive behavior of the lymphoma. Immunohistochemical studies performed on biopsy sections from 20 patients confirmed the B-cell nature of MBCL. An average reactivity of less than 10% of the monocytoid B cells with the proliferation marker Ki-67 was demonstrated, in keeping with the indolent behavior of MBCL. Despite our observation of follicular lymphomas frequently accompanying MBCL, the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation does not appear to play a pathogenetic role for MBCL, as determined by molecular studies for the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation and immunologic studies for the BCL2 protein. Our observations also provide support for the proposal that there is an overlap between MBCL and "MALT lymphomas" (those arising from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue).     

Primary adrenal lymphoma. Report of an autopsy case

A rare case of malignant lymphoma of the adrenal gland in a 68-year-old male is reported. Autopsy revealed bilateral and symmetrical adrenal tumors (lt: 54 g, rt: 39 g) and almost complete effacement of both adrenal glands, while no tumors were present in other organs or systemic lymph nodes. Both adrenal tumors histologically presented a picture of diffuse malignant lymphoma of mixed cell type. Microscopic involvement in both lungs, spleen, liver, lymph node, bone marrow and both kidneys was found. Immunohistochemically, the positive reactions shown by the lymphoma cells were of B cell type, i.e., observed using antibodies to the leukocyte common antigens, MB-1, LN-1, LN-2 and LN-3, but not by anti-factor VIII-related antigen or MT-1. Examination of peripheral blood obtained just before the patient died showed the presence of 18% atypical cells. This lymphoma was considered to have transformed to a leukemic phase, at least at the end stage. To the author's knowledge, this is the second case of primary adrenal lymphoma to be reported in Japan, and the first case showing formation of bilateral and symmetrical tumors.     

Microradiography with an x-ray image magnifier: application to dental hard tissue

The superior spatial resolution obtained with parallel-beam microradiography over conventional contact microradiography has allowed us to image microstructural features of dental hard tissue not previously reported. Our efforts to extend these techniques to provide a real-time capability for viewing in situ demineralization and remineralization effects, at and below the 1-micron level, have resulted in an instrument with several novel and unique features. Using a synchrotron radiation source of x rays and diffraction image magnification, we are now able to change magnification at will (x-ray zoom lens). In addition, the energy range over which the instrument operates gives one considerable flexibility in optimizing image contrast. The techniques of parallel-beam microradiography, and diffraction image magnification are applicable to problems in many other areas of science. Using examples within dental research, the uniqueness and versatility of these new techniques are discussed.     

Outcome of advanced renal cell carcinoma arising in end-stage renal disease: comparison with sporadic renal cell carcinoma

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology - The data regarding oncological outcome in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arising in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are limited. Patients diagnosed with...