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41.
THOMAS EW 《The British journal of surgery》1949,36(143):306-309
42.
AMAL KANBOUR-SHAKIR DAVID T. ARMSTRONG ANNE ROULEAU HEINZ W. KUNZ THOMAS J. GILL 《American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)》1995,33(5):367-372
PROBLEM : To determine whether seminal fluid influences the expression of MHC class I antigens on the surface of basal trophoblast cells in the placenta of the rat. METHODS : Transfer of DA × DA embryos into a WF (allogeneic) or DA (syngeneic) recipient made pseudopregnant by hormonal treatment followed by mating with a vasectomized male (seminal fluid) or by mechanical stimulation (no seminal fluid). Antigen expression was determined by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry using the appropriate gold-labeled monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS : Seminal fluid did not affect the expression of MHC class I antigens on the surface of the basal trophoblast in either allogeneic or syngeneic matings. CONCLUSIONS : The suppression of the expression of paternal class I antigens on the surface of the basal trophoblast cells in allogeneic pregnancies most likely occurs at the genome level shortly after fertilization. 相似文献
43.
ROBERT W. EMERY M.D. KIT V. AROM M.D. THOMAS VON RUEDEN M.D. JACK G. COPELAND M.D. 《Journal of cardiac surgery》1990,5(2):145-148
Historically, the healing of tracheal or bronchial anastomoses has been the Achilles heel in pulmonary transplantation. In the past, steps taken to enhance healing of these structures and have allowed single-lung, double-lung, and heart-lung transplantation to be accomplished safely. This report presents a simplified technique for protection of the tracheal anastomosis in heart-lung and double-lung transplantation. This technique, wherein the pericardial fat pad from the right side is utilized to wrap the tracheal anastomosis, not only allows for excellent healing of the anastomosis but separates the aorta from the trachea. In 19 patients having heart-lung (N = 13) or double-lung (N = 6) transplantation there were no tracheal healing problems, dehiscence or stenosis found. 相似文献
44.
BRUCE J. ROUNSAVILLE KENDALL BRYANT THOMAS BABOR HENRY KRANZLER RONALD KADDEN 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》1993,88(3):337-348
This report presents results of a field trial of Substance Use Disorders as defined by DSM-III-R, DSM-IV (proposed) and ICD-10. Diagnoses based on the three systems were derived from interviews using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) in a heterogeneous sample of 521 adults drawn from clinical and community settings. Two issues are addressed: (1) cross system agreement; and (2) syndrome coherence of proposed criterion sets for Substance Dependence in each of the three systems. Findings were as follows: (1) Cross system agreement for Dependence was generally high, especially between DSM-III-R and DSM-IV. (2) Cross system agreement was lower for DSM-III-R and DSM-IV Abuse and very low for DSM-IV Abuse and ICD-10 Harmful Use. (3) Agreement varied across drug categories with lowest DSM-III-R/DSM-IV agreement for alcohol abuse and DSM-IV/ICD-10 agreement for marijuana use disorders. (4) Overall prevalence differed for the three systems with DSM-IV yielding highest rates followed by DSM-III-R and ICD-10 in that order. (5) Factor analysis of Dependence criteria showed high loadings of all items on a single factor across the three diagnostic systems and for all categories of drugs. Implications for validity of the dependence syndrome construct and for revisions in DSM-IV are discussed. 相似文献
45.
JOHANNES BRACHMANN LAURENCE D. STERNS THOMAS HILBEL WOLFGANG SGHOELS THORSTEN BEYER HORMOZ MEHMANESH RUDIGER LANGE JUTTA RUF-RIGHTER PATRIGIA KRAET SIEGERIED HAGL WOLFGANG KUBLER 《Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE》1994,17(3):499-505
Non-thoracotomy implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) has simplified the process of device inserfion, promising to decrease associated procedural coniplications while providing sudden death protection at least equal to epicardial systems. This study presents the acute and chronic results of 110 patients who underwent attempted non-thoracotomy ICD impiuntation wiih the Medtronic Transvene lead system and PCD model 7217 or 7219. Of the 110 patients attempted, 100 (91%) had the system successfully implanted without the need for an epicar-dial patch. One patient died 1 week postoperatively of septic shock related to the implantation (0.9% perioperative mortality). During folloiv-up of 16 ± 11 months, 45% of the patients had an event detected as ventricular tachycardia; 26% of these detections were felt clinically to be due to supraventricular rhythms. Of the remainder, 87% were successfully treated with the first VT therapy, and 98% were terminated by the final therapy; 66% of the patients had at least one episode of ventricular fibrillation, of which 5% were felt to be inappropriate detections; 65% of the appropriate episodes were successfully treated with the first VF therapy, and all were converted by the final therapy. Total mortality at 6, 12, and 24 months was 3%, 11%, and 19% respectively. Only one patient had sudden cardiac death, occurring at 13 months postimplant. Overall, the non-thoracotomy lead system for this ICD displayed infrequent implant complications and proved to be reliable ai terminating arrhythmias and maintaining a low rate of sudden cardiac death in this high risk popuiation. 相似文献
46.
Twenty-six infants due to undergo major abdominal or thoracic surgery under general anaesthesia were randomized to receive additional analgesia with group A) spinal/epidural analgesia; B) epidural analgesia or C) opioid analgesia with fentanyl. We wished to determine if spinal analgesia followed by epidural analgesia might result in more complete control of cardiovascular or stress responses than the other two treatment groups. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded at five min intervals throughout surgery. Blood samples were taken for measurement of catecholamines and whole blood sugar on induction, 45 min after skin incision and at the end of surgery. Heart rate rose significantly at the start of surgery in groups B and C but not group A. Systolic blood pressures were higher in group C compared to A and B. The rise in plasma glucose concentrations was significantly different between the groups in the order C>B>A (P<0·05). A similar trend was seen in the plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations but this failed to achieve significance due to the limited sample size. 相似文献
47.
Complete cross-sections from the femoral midshaft of 180 individuals of known height and weight, aged 21–97 y, from a modern Australian population were examined using automatic video image analysis to quantify total subperiosteal porosity (TSPP). More specifically, the aim was to investigate whether age changes were similar in both sexes in (1) total subperiosteal area (TSPA), cortical area (CA) and medullary area (MA), (2) intracortical porosity (ICP), and (3) the respective contributions to TSPP made by MA and intracortical void area (ICVA). Our findings indicated that both sexes showed a significantly greater height normalised TSPA in the 70s as compared with the 20s. Males had consistently larger bones with a greater height normalised CA. In both sexes CA showed a tendency to increase till the 7th decade and then to decline, more so in females. MA approximately trebled in females and doubled in males over the age range studied. Although ICP also increased, from 4–6% in young adults to over 9% in the elderly, it showed a significant difference between the sexes only in the 3rd decade, being greater in males at this stage. By contrast, TSPP became significantly greater in females (from that recorded in the 3rd decade) by the time they reached the 50s, while in males this did not occur till the 80s. It increased from ∼25% in young adults of both sexes to ∼50% in females and ∼37% in males in their 80s. However, in the elderly there was great variability in both sexes in the appearance of bones from individuals of similar chronological age. Some bones differed little from those in younger subjects, others showed greatly increased ICP, still others displayed reduced cortical widths with low ICP. The femoral midshaft resembles other skeletal sites in that age changes in TSPP are more marked in females than males. 相似文献
48.
DIETRICH ANDRESEN STEFFEN BEHRENS THOMAS BRÜGGEMANN ROLF SCHRÖDER 《Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE》1993,16(3):653-657
The indication for treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia depends on the frequency and severity of the tachycardia attacks. If the tachycardia attacks are mildly symptomatic and occur only once or twice a year, there is no indication for either continuous drug therapy or radiofrequency oblation. The only therapeutic measure required is termination of each acute event. If symptoms occur frequently, long-term antiarrhythmic drug therapy is then indicated and will be effective for chronic prophylaxis in most individuals with a low risk of proarrhythmic events. Only in patients with severe or life-threatening symptoms or cases refractory to drug therapy would radiofrequency ablation possibly be justified. 相似文献
49.
THE [LACTATE]/[PYRUVATE] RATIO AND ALCOHOL METABOLISM: EXPERIMENTS WITH NALOXONE IN FASTING NORMAL MALE VOLUNTEERS 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
MORGAN CHRISTOPHER J.; BADAWY ABDULLA A.-B.; THOMAS D. ROGER; DANDO TIM G.; KIRBY AMANDA 《Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)》1989,24(3):185-188
Naloxone administration to fasting normal male volunteers reversesthe acute ethanol-induced increase in the blood [lactate]/[pyruvate]ratio, but fails to lower blood-ethanol concentration. The resultsare discussed in relation to factors affecting ethanol eliminationand the mechanism of antagonism of acute alcohol intoxicationby naloxone. 相似文献
50.
Oral bropirimine (an immunomodulator shown to induce interferon)was administered to timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats in fiveexperiments utilizing several different dosing schedules. Concentrationsof 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of bropirimine were used. Interferonlevels were determined in maternal serum, spleen, and wholeembryo extracts and uterine contents were evaluated for survivalof the embryos. Maternal toxicity occurred in all experimentsas evidenced by dose-related decreases in body weight duringthe first 24 hr postdosing. Hematoxicology analyses of maternalserum revealed significant decreases in urea nitrogen, potassium,and albumin, along with increases in aspartate transaminase,alanine transaminase, and total bilirubin, in bropirimine-treateddams as compared to the vehicle controls. In addition, the meansfor maternal thymus weight decreased while the means for spleenweight increased with increasing concentration of bropirimine.As compared to the vehicle controls, interferon titers werehigh in maternal serum, maternal spleen, and, to a lesser extent,whole embryos, 2 hr postdosing, but had decreased or were belowdetectable levels 24 hr postdosing. Embryolethality was pronounced(increases in pre- and postimplantational loss) after a singledose (Gestation Day 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, or 10) of bropirimine, aswell as after 7 or 8 consecutive days (Gestation Days 612or 613) of treatment. Although embryotoxicity never occurredin these experiments in the absence of pronounced maternal toxicity,the pregnant dams never died as the result of bropirimine treatment,whereas the embryos frequently failed to survive. 相似文献