Pathological stimulus-related slow wave arousal responses in the EEG

A group of 55 patients were studied who showed in their EEGs prolonged episodes of delta activity, in response to either auditory or tactile stimuli or both. This unusual pattern occurred with states ranging from drowsiness to deep coma but never in alert patients. It was found in a variety of conditions, most commonly following head injury. The EEG phenomenon disappeared within 5 weeks and over half of the patients had a favourable outcome.     

Metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene in isolated rabbit pulmonary cells. Evidence for the heterogeneous distribution of monooxygenase activity in lung tissue

The regiospecific hydroxylation of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) has been used to monitor monooxygenase activity in isolated rabbit lung cells. Following isolation, the cells were separated into seven different fractions according to size by centrifugal elutriation. Macrophages were recovered from the lungs by lavage and examined in parallel with the parenchymal cell populations. The resulting fractions were assayed for 2-AAF hydroxylase activity and were examined for the presence of endothelial cells (angiotensin-converting enzyme), alveolar type II cells (modified Papanicolaou stain), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (modified Papanicolaou stain), bronchiolar Clara cells (nitro blue tetrazolium stain), and ciliated cells (phase contrast microscopy). Highest hydroxylase activities were seen in the cell fraction containing the largest percentage of Clara cells. The activity profiles provided evidence for a population of cells not correlating with either alveolar type II cells or Clara cells possessing substantial monooxygenase activity. The alveolar macrophage almost exclusively hydroxylated 2-AAF in the 9-position and the cell fraction containing the higher percentage of endothelial cells metabolized 2-AAF the least. Pretreatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin preferentially induced the 7-hydroxylation of 2-AAF and either did not alter or decreased the rate of formation of the other hydroxy metabolites. An exception was seen in fraction 1 where 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced the hydroxylation of 2-AAF to all products except 3-hydroxy-AAF. Evidence is presented for the presence of a cell type(s) not identifiable as either the Clara or alveolar type II cell with considerable monooxygenase activity.     

Distribution of membrane glycoproteins among the organelles of a single identified neuronm of aplysia. II. isolation and characterization of a glycoprotein associated with vesicles

Glycoprotein-I (mol.wt. 180,000) is associated with a vesicle fraction from the cytoplasm of R2, the giant cholinergic neuron in the abdominal ganglion. Electron microscopy has shown that R2 contains both lucent and compound vesicles. We have used anisomycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, to provide evidence that Component-I is a constituent of somatic compound vesicles. In the presence of the drug, [³H]N-acetylgalactosamine injected into R2 is incorporated almost exclusively into Component-I. Quantitative electron microscopic radioautography of treated cells shows a marked increase in the proportion of silver grains over compound vesicles and a decrease in labeling of other organelles compared with untreated cells. Analysis of Component-I, isolated using the chaotropic agent lithium diiodosalicylate, shows it to contain fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and N-acetylglucosamine. Proteolytic digestion with pronase yields a complex pattern glycopeptides. The proportion of [³H]N-acetylgalactosamine in these glycopeptides is altered in the presence of anisomycin. These results together with radioautographic analyses suggest that large carbohydrate chains are elaborated within the endoplasmic reticulum and that smaller chains are added in the Golgi region or on the membrane of the compound vesicles.