Ocular component measurement using the Zeiss IOLMaster.

PURPOSE: Axial length is traditionally measured using A-scan ultrasound. The IOLMaster is a new instrument that uses partial coherence interferometry to measure axial length. We compared the repeatability of these techniques for both an experienced and an inexperienced observer, the agreement between the two techniques, and the effect of cycloplegia on IOLMaster measurements. METHODS: Five measurements of axial length and three measurements of anterior chamber depth were taken with the IOLMaster in two sessions separated by 1 to 12 days in 20 young adults. The two examiners each took measurements, and the subject was then cyclopleged with 1% tropicamide. The IOLMaster readings were then repeated by both examiners, followed by five ultrasound readings. Repeatability was evaluated by calculating the difference between measurements from the two sessions. The mean and standard deviation of these differences was then used to determine the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) for each technique. In addition, the agreement between the IOLMaster and ultrasound was assessed, along with the effect of cycloplegia on IOLMaster readings. RESULTS: The IOLMaster was more repeatable than ultrasound. For axial length, the 95% LoA were -0.11 to +0.07 mm, -0.06 to +0.05 mm, and -0.25 to +0.35 mm, for noncycloplegic IOLMaster, cycloplegic IOLMaster, and ultrasound, respectively. The two instruments showed modest agreement with each other (mean difference, +0.12 mm; 95% LoA, -0.39 to +0.64 mm; p > 0.0125). Cycloplegia had no significant effect on IOLMaster axial length measurements. The 95% LoA for anterior chamber depth measurement were -0.11 to +0.18 mm, -0.06 to +0.04 mm, and -0.19 to +0.21 mm, for noncycloplegic IOLMaster, cycloplegic IOLMaster, and ultrasound, respectively. The IOLMaster gave significantly longer anterior chamber depths than ultrasound (mean, +0.18 mm; 95% LoA, -0.02 to +0.37 mm; p < 0.0125), and cycloplegia produced significantly deeper anterior chamber depths using the IOLMaster (mean, +0.12 +/- 0.09 mm; 95% LoA, -0.05 to +0.29 mm; t = 6.17; p < 0.001). The experienced observer's measurements were more repeatable than the inexperienced observer's for ultrasound, but not for the IOLMaster. CONCLUSIONS: The superior repeatability of the IOLMaster suggests that it should become the standard for axial length measurement. The 95% limits of agreement for the cycloplegic measurements correspond to a change in refractive error of +/-0.12 D.     

有胫前黑斑的2型糖尿病患者皮肤黑斑和肾活检

目的：研究2型糖尿病(T2 DM)肾脏、皮肤病变的性质及两种组织病变与T2 DM高血糖之间的关系。方法：对573例门诊T2 DM患者进行流行病学调查，了解T2 DM伴胫前皮肤黑斑的发病率；对16例T2DM伴胫前皮肤黑斑的患者均进行了。肾活检和皮肤活检，对101例伴胫前皮肤黑斑T2 DM的血清做了血清蛋白电泳。结果：T2 DM伴胫前皮肤黑斑的发病率为24．78％；肾活检和皮肤活检的病理和免疫组化证实，肾脏有不同的病理形态改变，但肾脏和皮肤存在许多免疫复合物沉积；有4例患者的血清蛋白电泳凝胶上有多余的蛋白带，位置一致，分子质量较大。结论：这类患者肾脏和皮肤同时受自身免疫损害，胰腺β细胞和眼底病变可能为同一发病机制。     

阴道超声对诊断治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的价值

目的探讨阴道超声及血清CA125测定对诊断治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的价值。方法对卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病患者631例进行回顾性分析，术前均经阴道超声检查，部分患者进行了血清CA125测定。结果阴道超声检查卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿符合率98．7％；子宫腺肌病符合率91．7％；卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿合并子宫腺肌病符合率95．1％。血清CA125检查卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿，阳性率39．4％；子宫腺肌病阳性率52．2％；卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿合并子宫腺肌病阳性率59．2％。结论阴道超声可做为较准确诊断卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的首选方法。阴道超声下囊肿穿刺是治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的简便、有效的方法之一。血清CA125测定可做为卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的协助诊断方法，应进一步完善对照组的研究。     

一氧化碳对大鼠心室组织心钠素分泌的影响

目的探讨一氧化碳(CO)在大鼠心室组织孵育液中对心钠素(ANP)分泌的影响。方法将正常Wistar大鼠的左、右心室分别分为对照组(未加药)和血红素组(孵育时加入血红素,终浓度10-4mol/L),每组各12例,用Krebs液作为孵育液,放入37℃恒温水浴箱中振荡孵育4 h,用放射免疫法测定孵育液中ANP含量。结果与对照组比较,血红素组大鼠左心室[(9.72±3.59)ng/(g.wet tissue)vs(52.05±31.65)ng/(g.wet tissue),P<0.01]和右心室[(5.55±3.98)ng/(g.wet tissue)vs(62.73±41.66)ng/(g.wet tissue),P<0.01]组织孵育液中ANP含量明显降低。对照组大鼠左右心室组织孵育液ANP含量没有明显差异;血红素组中,大鼠右心室组织孵育液中ANP含量明显低于左心室组织孵育液中ANP含量[(5.55±3.98)ng/(g.wet tissue)vs(9.72±3.95)ng/(g.wet tissue),P<0.05]。结论CO可抑制大鼠左右心室组织孵育液ANP含量,且CO可能对右心室组织孵育液ANP含量的抑制作用大于对左心室组织孵育液ANP含量的抑制作用。     

细辛脑注射液对支气管哮喘患儿呼吸道炎症因子的影响

目的观察细辛脑对支气管哮喘患儿呼吸道炎症因子的影响。方法共选取60例支气管哮喘患儿,随机分成2组,治疗组予细辛脑注射液0.5 mg/kg,用10%葡萄糖注射液稀释成0.01%的溶液,静脉滴注,2次/d;对照组用氨茶碱针4~6 mg/kg加入5%葡萄糖注射液100 mL静脉滴注,1次/d,两组均用7 d为1个疗程,共观察2个疗程。结果治疗2周后,两组嗜酸性粒细胞与巨噬细胞治疗前后比较均有明显差异(P均<0.05),同时治疗组的淋巴细胞、CD4 T细胞与治疗前比较均有明显差异(P均<0.05),两组嗜酸性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、CD4 T细胞比较也均有明显差异(P均<0.05)。治疗后两组肺功能均比治疗前明显改善(P均<0.05),治疗组的肺功能I、L-5与对照组有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论细辛脑注射液对哮喘患儿呼吸道炎症因子的影响优于氨茶碱组。     

上田法和电脑中频协同治疗脑性瘫痪

目的探讨上田法和电脑中频协同治疗小儿脑性瘫痪(脑瘫)的疗效。方法观察和评定上田法和电脑中频协同治疗小儿脑瘫60例的疗效;收集和评定此前本科单用上田法治疗小儿脑瘫56例的疗效,比较两者连续治疗4个疗程(120 d)后疗效。结果上田法和电脑中频联用总有效率96.7%,单用上田法总有效率82.1%,两者比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论上田法和电脑中频协同治疗小儿脑瘫有显著疗效。     

新生儿重度烧伤伴休克1例

患儿，男，20d，因热水袋破裂烫伤背部、腹下区、臀部、左下肢后4h入院。查体：体温36．1℃，脉搏184次／min，呼吸40次／min，体质量3．1kg。口唇发绀，四肢凉，无尿，心音弱，心率快，双肺呼吸音清，未闻及干湿哕音，背部、下腹部、臀部、左下肢见烧伤创面，创面可见大小不一水疱，大部分表皮脱失，创面基底红润，部分创面基底红白相间，创面渗出多，痛觉敏感。符合新生儿烧伤诊断及严重程度分度标准。     

肾上腺意外瘤中亚临床库欣患者的转归

目的 探讨肾上腺意外瘤中亚临床库欣综合征患者的临床转归.方法 随访我院诊治的37例亚临床库欣患者的临床和实验室检查资料.结果 本组随访亚临床库欣患者中8.11%(3/37)发展为临床显性库欣.患者有代谢综合征的临床症状,在随访1 ～ 3年后出现显性库欣综合征的典型临床症状,血尿皮质醇升高,2 mg和8 mg地塞米松抑制试验不能抑制,患者行肾上腺腺瘤摘除术后临床症状改善,糖皮质激素水平降低.结论 亚临床库欣患者有部分可发展成为临床显性库欣,对肾上腺意外瘤患者应仔细行生化指标和激素水平检查,明确其功能,一经确诊为亚临床库欣,应积极手术.     

ELEKTA Precise 医用直线加速器波导隔离器维修

本文介绍了波导隔离器在加速器微波系统中的作用、特点,以及Precise加速器上波导隔离器散热水套渗水的处理方法.     

Influence of the femoral head size on early postoperative gait restoration after total hip arthroplasty

Background We investigated the effects of using large-diameter femoral heads in total hip prostheses on eady postoperative gait restoration in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods We collected data for 19 primary THAs using 28-mm metal-on-polyethylene heads (conventional group) and for 12 THAs (BHR group) using metal-on-metal femoral heads with an average size of 45 mm (range, 40-49 mm). All patients had unilateral femoral head avascular necrosis. All patients underwent Harris Hip Scores evaluation and gait analysis with the IDEEA device at the same 3 time points which were before surgery and then at 1 month and again at 3 months after surgery, and the parameters measured were walking speed, stride length (SL), single limb support (SLS), cycle duration (CD), and swing power (SP). Harris Hip Scores and gait analysis parameters for both groups were compared.Results Intraclass comparison indicated that Harris Hip Scores, speed scores, and gait parameter measures in both groups improved significantly with the passage of time; Interclass comparison showed no significance between Harris1m postop - Harrispreop and Harris3m postop- Harrispreop in both groups. The speed in the BHR group at 1 month and at 3 months after surgery was significantly higher than that of conventional group. At 1 month after surgery, each mean for SLnormal-SLaffected, (SLSnormal - SLSaffected)/CD, and SPnormal - SPaffocted in the BHR group was significantly lower than that for the conventional group. At 3 months after surgery, the differences between means for both groups for SLnormal - SLaffected.(SLSnormal- SLSaffected)/CD, and SPnormal - SPaffected were not significant, but the mean of SPnormal - SPaffected in the BHR group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group.Conclusions Our data suggest that large-diameter femoral heads in THA provide better early gait restoration than conventional-size femoral heads.