宫腔镜清洗灭菌与感染预防

宫腔镜是一项新型、微创型妇科诊疗技术,具有创伤小、手术时间短、疗效满意等优点,可用于诊断、治疗和探查子宫腔内病变,现已广泛应用于临床妇产科。但是,在宫腔镜的诊治过程中,也会出现一些并发症,如宫颈损伤、子宫穿孔、阴道出血、感染、静脉空气栓塞、过度水化综合征［1-3］等。因此,掌握适应证和禁忌证,严格消毒器械和遵守无菌原则,早期发现并正确处理宫腔镜并发症,对提高手术的安全性具有重要意义。本文就近年来宫腔镜手术医院感染管理进展情况作一综述。     

Expression of core?binding factor alpha 1 and collagen Ⅱ in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5

Objective To study the relationship between the medial artery calcification and expression of core?binding factor alpha 1 (Cbfα?1) and collagen Ⅱ (ColⅡ) in chronic kidney disease(CKD) stage 5 patients. Methods Pieces of radial arteries were taken from 40 patients with CKD stage 5 during internal arteriovenous fistula operation. Ten patients with subtotal gastrectomy and normal renal function were chosen as control. The vessels were examined for calcification by von Kossa stain and for the presence of Cbfα?1 and ColⅡ by immunohistochemistry. According to von Kossa stain, CKD stage 5 patients were divided into no calcification group, mild?moderate calcification group and severe calcification group. Other related factors including serum calcium,phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), C?reactive protein (CRP), triglyceride(TG), cholesterol(TC) and low?density lipoproteins(LDL) were also detected. Results Seventeen (42.5%) of CKD Stage 5 patients showed vascular calcification, while calcification was not found in controls. Most calcification occurred in medial layer．Positive immunohistochemical staining of core?binding factor and ColⅡ was found in the smooth muscular cell plasma of medial layer in the vessels with calcification. However, above positive staining was also observed in 78.3% of no calcification group. But there was little staining in control group. Positive staining score of Cbfα?1 and ColⅡ in severe calcification group was significantly higher than that in no calcification group. Same findings were obtained in mild?moderate calcification group, but the difference between them was not statistically significant. CRP and Ca×P were positively correlated with staining score of Cbfα?1 and ColⅡ. Serum phosphate was positively correlated with Cbfα?1 (r=0.786, P<0.01) and ColⅡ (r=0.785, P<0.01) respectively． Conclusions 42.5% of CKD stage 5 patients in our group shows vascular calcification, which occurrs mainly in medial layer. High expression of Cbfα?1 and ColⅡ can be observed in vascular calcification of radial arteries, which is earlier than vascular histological changes. Cbfα?1 and ColⅡ may be involved in the development of vascular calcification.     

Review of Random Phase Encoding in Volume Holographic Storage

Random phase encoding is a unique technique for volume hologram which can be applied to various applications such as holographic multiplexing storage, image encryption, and optical sensing. In this review article, we first review and discuss diffraction selectivity of random phase encoding in volume holograms, which is the most important parameter related to multiplexing capacity of volume holographic storage. We then review an image encryption system based on random phase encoding. The alignment of phase key for decryption of the encoded image stored in holographic memory is analyzed and discussed. In the latter part of the review, an all-optical sensing system implemented by random phase encoding and holographic interconnection is presented.     

Treatment of a Recurrent Chest Wall Desmoid Tumor Using a CT-Guided Steroid Injection

We report on a 41-year-old woman with a chest wall desmoid tumour who was successfully treated with a computed tomography (CT)-guided steroid injection. She presented with a palpable mass in the right upper chest wall and was treated by surgical excision and postoperative radiation therapy due to recurrence of the mass at the surgical site. At 20 months after the second operation, a recurrent mass was again detected in the anterosuperior portion of the previous surgical site on CT. We performed a CT-guided steroid injection weekly for 4 weeks by applying a mixture of 3 mL of triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/mL) and 3 mL of 1% Lidocaine, administering 4-6 mL of the mixture, to the lesion. Six months later, CT showed a marked decrease in the size of the mass.     

Constituents analysis and clinical significance of urinary stones in Xinjiang district: a report of 755 cases

收集新疆地区755例尿路结石标本,进行成分测定并结合临床资料进行比较.尿石症男性发病多于女性,汉族与维吾尔族患者发病年龄、结石位置存在差异.结石成分单种及混合成分比例相当.结石成分分析对于了解尿路结石的成因、防治结石形成和复发具有重要的临床意义.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉溶液对大鼠非控制出血性休克复苏的保护作用

目的探讨高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉溶液(hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch 40,HHS)对大鼠非控制出血性休克(uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock,UHS)复苏的保护作用。方法采用修订的Capone等方法制备创伤UHS模型。用随机数字表法将30只SD大鼠随机分为3组:正常对照组(NC组)、生理盐水复苏组(NS组)、高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉溶液复苏组(HHS组)。NS组及HHS组大鼠经动脉放血,使血压降至40 mmHg,然后在距鼠尾根部1/4处断尾,造成活动性出血。分别给予生理盐水和HHS输注,使平均动脉压(MAP)维持在50 mmHg。复苏1 h后,两复苏组均给予手术止血、回输血液及给予足量的液体输注,保持MAP 90 mmHg,充分复苏2 h后,将大鼠放回笼内观察。分别于伤后0、30、90、210 min观察大鼠的心率(HR);血气指标包括pH、碱剩余(BE)、乳酸(LAC)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2);凝血功能指标包括凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT);各脏器功能指标包括磷酸肌酶激酶同工酶(CKMB)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酐(Cr)以及出血量、输液量、存活率。结果大鼠休克后的HR显著下降,复苏后HHS组与NS组HR明显升高(P<0.05);休克大鼠的pH、BE、PaO2下降,LAC明显升高,复苏后与NS组比较,HHS组的pH、BE、PaO2增高,LAC显著下降(P<0.05);休克大鼠的PT、APTT明显延长(P<0.05),复苏后HHS组PT、APTT均短于NS组(P<0.05);休克后大鼠的CKMB、ALT、AST、Cr明显增高,复苏后,HHS组大鼠的CKMB、ALT、AST、Cr低于NS组(P<0.05);同时与NS组比较,HHS组大鼠活动性出血量和出血急救期输液量明显减少,且24 h及72 h存活率显著增高(P<0.05)。结论 HHS对UHS大鼠早期有较好的复苏效果。