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11.
报道了β-阻滞剂塞利洛尔的简便制备方法,即以对乙氧基苯胺为原料,经酰胺化,傅克反应,以环氧氯丙烷取代,最后用叔丁胺直接与环氧基反应开环等4步反应制得。比文献五步反应缩短了一步,产物经元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振谱、质谱等分析确定结构。 相似文献
12.
Al-Bahry SN Al-Mashani BM Al-Ansari AS Elshafie AE Mahmoud IY 《Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine》2013,6(9):718-722
ObjectiveTo screen for Escherichia coli (E. coli) resistant to tetracycline, followed by identification of tet efflux genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, detection of tetracycline residues in chicken livers and kidneys were conducted using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS).MethodsStrains of E. coli were isolated from samples of chicken colon and screened for tetracycline resistance. Tetracycline genes conferring resistance (Tcr) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline (97.9%).ResultsPCR analysis indicated that Tcr E. coli R-plasmids contained tet(A), tet(B) and a combination of both efflux genes. None of the isolates contained other efflux tet genes tet (C, D, E and Y). High performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS), a sensitive technique, was used to detect residues of chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), doxycycline (DC) in chicken livers and kidneys. The samples containing tetracycline residues were at 0.13-0.65 pg/μL levels.ConclusionsTetracycline and other antibiotics are commonly used in the poultry and meat production industry for prevention of microbial infections. Multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria in Oman have increased to alarming levels, threatening public health, domestic and may have adverse effect on environment. 相似文献
13.
Summer Hunt 《Nursing for Women's Health》2018,22(5):359-365
14.
Terry S. Falcomata Summer Gainey 《Journal of developmental and physical disabilities》2014,26(3):317-324
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative treatment effects of different forms of noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) on challenging behavior with multiple functions. We first conducted a functional analysis of challenging behavior exhibited by a child with autism. The results of the functional analysis suggested that challenging behavior served multiple functions. Next, we conducted a treatment evaluation in which we (a) compared the effects of NCR with attention to NCR with attention and preferred activities in the absence of work activities and (b) compared the effects of NCR with attention and NCR with attention and preferred activities during work activities. The results of the treatment evaluation showed that NCR with attention and preferred activities was more effective at decreasing challenging behavior than NCR with attention both when work was not implemented and during work situations. The current results provide support for the use of noncontingent multiple functional reinforcers to treat multiply-maintained challenging behavior. 相似文献
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16.
High-dose etoposide and cyclophosphamide without bone marrow transplantation for resistant hematologic malignancy 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Brown RA; Herzig RH; Wolff SN; Frei-Lahr D; Pineiro L; Bolwell BJ; Lowder JN; Harden EA; Hande KR; Herzig GP 《Blood》1990,76(3):473-479
Seventy-five patients with resistant acute leukemia or lymphoma received high-dose cyclophosphamide and etoposide to explore the activity of this combination in resistant hematologic malignancies, and to determine the maximum doses of these drugs that can be combined without bone marrow transplantation. Etoposide was administered over 29 to 69 hours by continuous infusion corresponding to total doses of 1.8 g/m2 to 4.8 g/m2. Cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/kg/d, was administered on 3 or 4 consecutive days total 150 to 200 mg/kg ideal body weight). At all dose levels myelosuppression was severe but reversible. Mucosal toxicity was dose-limiting with the maximum tolerated dose level combining etoposide 4.2 g/m2 with cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg. Continuous etoposide infusion produced stable plasma levels that were lower than would be achieved after administration by short intravenous infusion, and this could explain our ability to escalate etoposide above the previously reported maximum tolerated dose. There were 28 complete (35%) and 12 partial (16%) responses. Median duration of complete response (CR) was 3.5 months (range 1.1 to 20+). Seventeen of 40 patients (42%) with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) achieved CR, including 6 of 20 (30%) with high-dose cytosine arabinoside resistance. We conclude that bone marrow transplantation is not required after maximum tolerated doses of etoposide and cyclophosphamide. This regimen is active in resistant hematologic neoplasms, and the occurrence of CR in patients with high-dose cytosine arabinoside-resistant AML indicates a lack of complete cross-resistance between these regimens. 相似文献
17.
O'Day SJ; Rabinowe SN; Neuberg D; Freedman AS; Soiffer RJ; Spector NA; Robertson MJ; Anderson K; Whelan M; Pesek K 《Blood》1994,83(9):2707-2714
Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) clearly hastens myeloid recovery in patients with relapsed hematologic malignancies undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). In efforts to further improve neutrophil engraftment and shorten hospital stay in ABMT patients, rhGM-CSF was administered by a potentially more potent route (continuous infusion) to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients with better BM reserve (first remission). Time to myeloid engraftment was compared with that of NHL patients treated in first remission at our institution on a similar ABMT protocol but without growth factor support (controls). Median neutrophil engraftment (absolute neutrophil count, 500 cells/microL) in first remission patients treated with rhGM-CSF was 14 days, compared with 22 days in controls (P = .0001). Hospital stays were also significantly reduced for rhGM-CSF patients (P = .0003). Platelet engraftment did not differ between the two groups. Persistent fever and generalized serositis were the primary toxicities. rhGM-CSF, delivered by this route, was efficacious but more toxic than 2-hour rhGM-CSF infusions previously reported by other investigators. Future alterations in both dose and schedule may retain comparable efficacy yet diminish toxicity. 相似文献
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19.
Cherrill Stockmann PhD RN CNE Octavian Gabor PhD Pamela DiVito‐Thomas PhD RN CNE Caroline Ehlers SN 《International journal of nursing knowledge》2018,29(1):59-65
PURPOSE
To explore and understand the use and intended outcomes of presence from the perspective of and as experienced by nurses.METHODS
Twenty‐seven nurses participated in one of four focus groups. Data were analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological method.FINDINGS
Four themes emerged: (1) therapeutic communication; (2) nurse well‐being; (3) dimensions of presence; and (4) intention to improve client outcomes.CONCLUSIONS
Presence was described as a multidimensional intervention that required therapeutic communication and nurse well‐being with the intention of improving client outcomes. Study findings provide evidence of the significance of presence in the face of human interaction that is shifting to virtual, impersonal communication. 相似文献20.
Charles A. Austin Summer Choudhury Taylor Lincoln Lydia H. Chang Christopher E. Cox Mark A. Weaver Laura C. Hanson Judith E. Nelson Shannon S. Carson 《Journal of pain and symptom management》2018,55(3):946-952