HIV-1感染者外周血单个核细胞缺损病毒基因的研究

目的:研究HIV-1感染者缺损HIV-1 DNA的特性.方法:用长片段PCR法(LD-PCR)研究分析HIV-1感染者外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear, PBMCs)和体外培养感染淋巴细胞中HIV-1基因特征,使用位于HIV-1 DNA链两端的LTR(U5)、LTR(R)为引物,插入有全长HIV-1基因片段的大肠杆菌质粒PNL4-3等为标准对照,并对部分标本克隆测序.结果:经扩增9.1 kb是LD-PCR的主要产物,但在10例HIV-1感染者中有9例PBMCs检测出大小不一、范围较广的缺失HIV-1基因片段,经用基因探针杂交,发现近HIV-1基因中心部位缺失频率增加,缺失结合点常存在3～4个核苷酸短片段直接重复,体外培养中HIV-1基因缺损量减少,完整和缺失基因的存在与培养中病毒分离的时间密切相关.结论:HIV-1感染者PBMCs中存在大量HIV-1基因重组和缺损片段.     

急性脑出血昏迷患者血液、胃液中胃泌素变化的临床观察

目的通过测定３２例脑出血昏迷患者血清、胃液中胃泌素（ＧＡＳ）含量的动态变化,探讨脑出血对胃肠动力的影响及其临床意义。方法采用放免法动态法测定。结果急性脑出血后昏迷患者血清、胃液ＧＡＳ含量第１周显著高于正常对照组,第一个２４小时略高于正常水平,第二个２４小时达高峰,第５天后逐渐下降．第４周接近正常水平：急性脑出血患者ＧＣＳ评分越低,血液、胃液ＧＡＳ含量越高,患者呕吐频率、胃液潜血阳性率、死亡率越高;不同部位脑出血ＧＡＳ含量经ＬＳＤ组间比较无统计学意义。结论急性脑出血昏迷患者存在ＧＡＳ分泌异常。ＧＡＳ作为体内重要的脑－肠肽激素、中枢和外周神经系统强有力的递质,ＧＡＳ参与急性脑出血后继发性病理、生理过程,动态测定急性脑出血后昏迷患者血清、胃液ＧＡＳ含量,对临床观察与判断病情严重程度及探讨脑出血对胃肠动力的影响和选择营养护理提供参考依据。     

OK-432和IL-2联合用药对C57BL/6 小鼠Lewis肺癌的抑制作用及Bcl-2表达的影响

目的 研究A组溶血性链球菌冻干生物制剂OK-432联合白细胞介素2（IL-2）对小鼠C57BL/6Lewis 肺癌（LLC）生长的抑制作用及对Bcl-2表达的影响。方法 将40只C57BL/6荷瘤LLC小鼠分4组,分别用生理盐水、OK-432、IL-2和OK-432联合IL-2处理,观察用药后肿瘤生长的状况, 用抗鼠bcl-2单克隆抗体进行SABC免疫组化技术半定量测定Bcl-2在Lewis肺癌原发灶中的表达。结果 OK-432/IL-2抑制肿瘤作用强,抑瘤率为60%,（P<0.05）。对照组中的Bcl-2的表达明显高于联合用药组（P<0.05）。结论 OK-432与IL-2有明显的协同抗肿瘤活性,其杀瘤过程主要为对瘤细胞的直接或间接攻击,并促进体内多种反应细胞相互作用,其机制可能与抑制Bcl-2基因的表达、诱导瘤细胞的凋亡有关。     

Ets－1在颌骨软骨肉瘤和骨软骨瘤中的表达及意义

目的：分析Ｅｔｓ－１在颌骨软骨肉瘤和骨软骨瘤中的表达及意义。方法：利用免疫组化法检测Ｅｔｓ－１在２０例颌骨软骨肉瘤和８例骨软骨瘤中的表达。结果：６０％（１２／２０）的软骨肉瘤中Ｅｔｓ－１呈阳性表达,Ⅱ、Ⅲ级患者的阳性表达率明显高于Ｉ级（Ｐ＜０．０５）;复发组的阳性表达率明显高于原发组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;Ｅｔｓ－１在骨软骨瘤中的阳性表率为１２．５％（１／８）,与软骨肉瘤有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结     

苦参碱对人肝癌细胞HepG2的细胞形态影响和相关增殖因素的变化

观察夺参碱作用于ＨｅｐＧ２细胞后,光镜和电镜下细胞形态结构改变以及ＡＦＰ、ＰＣＮＡ和分裂指数的变化。方法倒置显微镜下观察活细胞形态;光镜下观察Ｗｒｉｇｈｔ和苏丹Ⅲ染色的细胞形态和分裂指数;扫描和透射电镜观察细胞表面和内部超微结构改变;免疫组化和图像分析,检测ＡＦＰ和ＰＣＮＡ。结果未用药细胞具有肿瘤细胞典型的形态特征,细胞的分裂指数为５３．８％,胞浆内未见秀明颗粒和空泡,苏丹Ⅲ染色为阴性。;免疫组化     

Changes of nitric oxide synthase activity and free methylarginines contents in regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy

In the present study, liver regeneration rate (%) was increased up to 70% 3 days after partial hepatectomy (PH). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in liver tissue as well as serum nitrite/nitrate content had no timed response, revealing no significant difference between shamoperated and partially hepatectomized rat liver. Contents of free methylarginines in liver tissue were increased biphasically in a time-dependent manner after PH. However, those in serum did not exhibit the same patterns as in liver. Taken together, the results suggest that N^G-monomethyl-L-arginine (MMA) and N^G, N^G-dimethylarginine (DMA) play a role in inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in regenerating rat liver because the increase of their contents was synchronized with NOS expression.     

Hydrolysis kinetics of metampicillin by high performance liquid chromatography

The hydrolysis of metampicillin to ampicillin was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography. We developed the simultaneous determination of metampicillin and ampicillin using a Zorbax CN column and 5% acetonitrile and 8% methanol in 0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) as mobile phase. Metampicillin was hydrolyzed to ampicillin with half life of 41.5 min at physiological pH and temperature. In acidic pH, metampicillin was rapidly hydrolyzed to ampicillin within a chromatographic separation.     

Hazardous wastes in eastern and central Europe: technology and health effects

Issues of hazardous waste management are major concerns in the countries of eastern and central Europe. A National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-supported conference was held in Prague, Czech Republic, as a part of a continuing effort to provide information and promote discussion among the countries of eastern and central Europe on issues related to hazardous wastes. The focus was on incineration as a means of disposal of hazardous wastes, with discussions on both engineering methods for safe incineration, and possible human health effects from incineration by-products. Representatives from government agencies, academic institutions, and local industries from 14 countries in the region participated along with a few U.S. and western European experts in this field. A series of 12 country reports documented national issues relating to the environment, with a focus on use of incineration for hazardous waste disposal. A particularly valuable contribution was made by junior scientists from the region, who described results of environmental issues in their countries.     

Histoclinical Analysis of Early Colorectal Cancer

To evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of early colorectal cancer (ECC), histopathologic and clinical features of 90 ECC patients who underwent surgical resection (not including the endoscopic polypectomized cases) and 1704 patients with advanced colorectal cancer were analyzed. Smaller size, better histologic differentiation, less lymph node (LN) metastasis, and better clinical outcome were observed in those with ECC than in patients with more advanced lesions. LN metastasis was found in 5 patients with ECC among the 56 patients who underwent bowel resection (8.9%). Tumors with LN metastasis were more frequently associated with deep submucosal invasion, absence of an adenomatous component within the tumor, sessile configuration, and lymphovascular invasion. Tumors showing deep submucosal layer invasion were associated with a more unfavorable histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, LN metastasis, sessile morphology, and absence of an adenomatous component within the tumor. Recurrence was observed in two patients who underwent local excision for their submucosal cancer. One of the patients was salvaged after bowel resection, but one patient died of distant metastasis. From our data analysis and literature review, extensive submucosal invasion, lymphovascular invasion, sessile configuration, and tumors with no adenomatous component should be considered high risk factors for LN metastasis and recurrence after limited therapy.     

升麻地上部分化学成分研究升麻地上部分化学成分研究

目的 为开发中药升麻(Cimicifuga foetida L.)的地上部分资源,从中寻找新的天然活性成分。方法 利用多种色谱技术进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和现代波谱技术并辅以化学方法进行结构鉴定。结果 从升麻地上部分80%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部分分得5个9,19-环菠萝蜜烷型三萜皂苷和1个甾醇苷。分别鉴定为:西麻苷I(1),西麻苷II(2),升麻醇半乳糖苷(3),12β-羟基升麻醇木糖苷(4),12β-羟基升麻醇阿拉伯糖苷(5),胡萝卜苷(6)。结论 1和2为新化合物,4及5为首次从该植物中分得。