血细胞分析仪的工作原理及其近期发展

本文简要介绍了血细胞分析仪的主要工作原理，各主要厂家在血细胞分析仪上采用的白细胞分类技术及业界的技术进展。     

女性肾上腺性征异常症

目的 探讨女性假两性畸形的诊断和治疗的时机及方法。方法 回顾性分析近23年来收治的31例患儿的诊疗资料。1～6岁19例，7～14岁12例。性染色体均为46，XX。腕骨骨龄大于实际年龄的18例。出生后均见阴蒂肥大，27例为尿生殖窦单一开口，4例分别见到尿道和阴道口，半数已长出阴毛、声粗、痤疮，最小者2岁，3例14岁患儿身高不足150cm。行B超检查及尿生殖窦造影的病例均有正常女性生殖道。失盐型3例，在新生儿期出现危象而确诊。结果 剖腹探查的9例有正常卵巢及内生殖道。26例作了阴蒂缩短成形或肥大阴蒂切除，小阴唇成形。除1例外，其余30例均在确诊后接受内科药物治疗。结论 典型的女性肾上腺性征异常诊断虽不难，但就诊年龄多较晚，药物治疗滞后，对患儿的生理和心理有严重的负面影响。典型患儿不必作剖腹探查。失盐型患儿多在新生儿期出现危象，应尽早诊疗。     

Insights into oxazaphosphorine resistance and possible approaches to its circumvention.

The oxazaphosphorines cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and trofosfamide remain a clinically useful class of anticancer drugs with substantial antitumour activity against a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. A major limitation to their use is tumour resistance, which is due to multiple mechanisms that include increased DNA repair, increased cellular thiol levels, glutathione S-transferase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, and altered cell-death response to DNA damage. These mechanisms have been recently re-examined with the aid of sensitive analytical techniques, high-throughput proteomic and genomic approaches, and powerful pharmacogenetic tools. Oxazaphosphorine resistance, together with dose-limiting toxicity (mainly neutropenia and neurotoxicity), significantly hinders chemotherapy in patients, and hence, there is compelling need to find ways to overcome it. Four major approaches are currently being explored in preclinical models, some also in patients: combination with agents that modulate cellular response and disposition of oxazaphosphorines; antisense oligonucleotides directed against specific target genes; introduction of an activating gene (CYP3A4) into tumor tissue; and modification of dosing regimens. Of these approaches, antisense oligonucleotides and gene therapy are perhaps more speculative, requiring detailed safety and efficacy studies in preclinical models and in patients. A fifth approach is the design of novel oxazaphosphorines that have favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and are less vulnerable to resistance. Oxazaphosphorines not requiring hepatic CYP-mediated activation (for example, NSC 613060 and mafosfamide) or having additional targets (for example, glufosfamide that also targets glucose transport) have been synthesized and are being evaluated for safety and efficacy. Characterization of the molecular targets associated with oxazaphosphorine resistance may lead to a deeper understanding of the factors critical to the optimal use of these agents in chemotherapy and may allow the development of strategies to overcome resistance.     

奈韦拉平胶囊的人体生物等效性研究

目的:研究国产奈韦拉平胶囊与进口奈韦拉平片的生物等效性。方法:24名健康男性志愿者随机交叉单剂量口服受试制剂(国产奈韦拉平胶囊)或参比制剂(进口奈韦拉平片),采用高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度,计算药动学参数和相对生物利用度。结果:受试制剂与参比制剂的Cmax分别为(2.516±0.446)、(2.798±0.394)μg/ml;tmax分别为(7.5±10.7)、(3.6±2.1)h,t1/2分别为(51.4±25.3)、(46.4±9.8)h;AUC0～168分别为(160.540±38.007)、(167.459±30.629)(μg·h)/ml;AUC0～∞分别为(180.064±51.005)、(183.052±36.828)(μg·h)/ml;受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(98.368±22.99)%。结论:受试制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

鹅掌藤中三萜类化合物的分离与鉴定

目的研究五加科鹅掌柴属植物鹅掌藤(Schefflera arboricola)枝茎的化学成分.方法采用柱色谱分离,通过理化数据和光谱分析确定化合物的结构.结果从鹅掌藤乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到7个三萜化合物,分别鉴定为羽扇醇(1)、桦木酸(2)、3-epi-betulinic acid(3)、齐墩果酸(4)、3-乙酰齐墩果酸(5)、mesembryanthemoidigenic acid(6)、quinatic acid(7).结论化合物1、5、6、7为首次从该属植物中分得.     

Gatifloxacin inducing apoptosis of stromal fibroblasts through cross-talk between caspase-dependent extrinsic and intrinsic pathways

AIM: To reveal the cytotoxicity and related mechanisms of gatifloxacin (GFX) to stromal fibroblasts (SFs) in vitro. METHODS: SFs were treated with GFX at different concentrations (0.009375%-0.3%), and their viability was detected by MTT method. The cell morphology was observed using light/transmission electron microscope. The plasma membrane permeability was measured by AO/EB double-staining. Then cell cycle, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) were analyzed by flow cytometry. DNA damage was analyzed by electrophoresis and immunostaining. ELISA was used to evaluate the caspase-3/-8/-9 activation. Finally, Western blotting was applied for detecting the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins. RESULTS: Morphological changes and reduced viability of GFX-treated SFs demonstrated that GFX above 0.009375% had cytotoxicity to SFs with dependence of concentration and time. GFX-treating cells also showed G1 phase arrest, increased membrane permeability, PS externalization and DNA damage, which indicated that GFX induced apoptosis of SFs. Additionally, GFX could activate the caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3, induce MTP disruption, downregulate B-cell leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell leukemia-XL (Bcl-XL), and upregulate Bcl-2 assaciated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), Bcl-2 interacting domain (Bid) and cytoplasmic cytochrome C in SFs, suggesting that caspase-dependent extrinsic and intrinsic pathways were related to GFX-contributed apoptosis of SFs. CONCLUSION: The cytotoxicity of GFX induces apoptosis of SFs through triggering the caspase-dependent extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.     

补虚逐瘀法联合针灸对冠心病便秘患者心脏不良事件的影响

目的:观察补虚逐瘀法联合针灸对冠心病便秘患者心脏不良事件的影响。方法:选取2014年9月至2016年10月辽宁中医药大学附属第三医院收治的冠心病便秘患者100例,进行回顾性研究,按治疗方式的不同分成联合组(n=56)和单针组(n=44),2组均给予冠心病常规治疗药物,单针组仅给予穴位针灸,联合组在单针组的基础加服补虚逐瘀汤,记录和比较2组的患者便秘情况的临床疗效、心电图疗效及心脏不良事件次数。结果:治疗后,联合组在心脏不良事件发生率(1.79%)的比较明显少于单针组(15.90%)(P0.05),联合组的心电图疗效(92.86%)优于单针组(68.18%)(P0.05)但2组在便秘情况临床疗效的差异无统计学意义(P0.05).结论:实施补虚逐瘀法联合针灸对冠心病便秘患者的治疗上,可明显改善患者心功能,有效减少患者排便时心脏不良事件的发生率,值得临床推广。