Quality validation of platelets obtained from the Haemonetics and Trima Accel automated blood-collection systems

BackgroundPlatelet transfusion is required to treat haemo-oncology or trauma patients. Platelet apheresis (PA) performed with apheresis equipment has increased rapidly in recent years. Leucocyte-reduced platelet apheresis (LRPA) can reduce the risk of platelet refractoriness and febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs) for transfusion. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate and compare the platelet metabolic and functional responses between PA performed with Haemonetics and LRPA performed with Trima Accel cell separator.MethodsThe qualities of platelets collected through PA and LRPA were evaluated in terms of visual appearance, morphology, platelet-aggregation changes, metabolic activities, and bacterium-screening test during 5-day storage. Statistical analyses included two-sample t-test and generalised estimating equation(GEE) method.ResultsDuring 5-day storage in LRPA, residual leucocytes were all <1.0×10⁶, and the parameters of platelet function were as follows: platelet aggregated to agonists such as adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) and collagen, and the extent of shape change and pO₂ showed no statistically significant difference between PA and LRPA. The hypotonic shock reaction (HSR) on days 0, 1, and 3 were significantly higher in LRPA than in PA (71.78±6.92 vs. 64.10±7.42; P=0.002; 71.53±8.98 vs. 62.96±9.84; P=0.007; 68.05±7.28 vs. 57.76±6.80; P<0.0001, respectively). Values of mean platelet volume (MPV) were statistically larger in PA than in LRPA on days 0, 1, and 3. On day 5, the swirling score was higher in LRPA than in PA. The mean lactate levels had no statistically significant difference between PA and LRPA. Moreover, no growth was observed through bacterium-screening test conducted on 40 samples.ConclusionComparison of LRPA and PA products collected from the Trima Accel and Haemonetics automated blood-collection systems, respectively, revealed that both products possessed good platelet qualities even though additional processes are needed to reduce leucocytes. Furthermore, investigating the outcomes of other apheresis instruments with focus on the safety of donors, products, and recipients is necessary.     

先天性生殖器官异常孕妇的围生结局分析

目的探讨先天性生殖器官异常孕妇的围生结局。方法选择2009年1月至2019年12月,于四川大学华西第二医院活产分娩的99779例单胎妊娠孕妇为研究对象。根据是否合并先天性生殖器官异常,将其分为观察组(n=324,合并)及对照组(n=99455,未合并)。回顾性分析2组孕妇的临床病例资料,总结观察组不同类型先天性生殖器官异常孕妇的围生结局特点。采用χ^(2)检验及独立样本t检验,对2组孕妇妊娠期各并发症发生率、剖宫产率及新生儿出生体重等,进行统计学分析。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。结果①观察组孕妇最常见先天性生殖器官异常前3位依次为纵隔子宫、单角/残角子宫及弓形子宫,分别占35.2%(114/324)、26.2%(85/324)及13.9%(45/324)。包括既往妊娠次数在内,观察组孕妇共计妊娠571次,其中弓形子宫、纵隔子宫孕妇的自然流产率位列前2位,分别为38.5%(35/91)、28.6%(61/213);阴道畸形孕妇足月产率(70.0%),高于子宫畸形者(52.8%),并且差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.432、P=0.035)。②观察组孕妇早产、胎膜早破、胎位异常、胎盘早剥、胎儿生长受限(FGR)、胎盘黏连/植入、子宫破裂及剖宫产率分别为29.6%、29.3%、36.1%、5.9%、2.5%、21.0%、3.4%、78.7%,均分别高于对照组孕妇的9.8%、22.3%、5.7%、1.2%、1.0%、11.5%、1.5%、62.0%;而羊水过少率(0.9%)及新生儿出生体重[(2913±652)g],则显著低于对照组的2.9%、(3254±445)g,并且上述差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。2组孕妇前置胎盘、妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)、产后出血(PPH)及子宫切除率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论先天性生殖器官异常孕妇的母、胎围生期并发症发生风险高。提高该病孕妇的孕前及早孕期诊断率,加强围生期保健及处理,可改善其围生结局。     

主诉腰痛女性患者骨密度和骨质疏松患病率分析

目的研究主诉腰痛女性患者腰椎和髋部骨密度(BMD)测量的临床意义及骨质疏松(OP)患病率。方法采用扇形束双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)测量主诉为腰痛的女性患者的腰椎和髋部BMD,并与对照组的BMD比较,同时比较其相应骨质疏松(OP)患病率。结果临床主诉以腰痛为主的女性病人腰椎及髋部BMD比以关节痛或全身痛为主诉者的低,(P＜0.05);主诉腰痛者各骨骼部位的OP检出率明显高于关节痛或全身痛者,且均与正常对照组有显著性差异(P＜0.05)。结论骨质疏松是女性腰痛病人就诊的主要原因之一,腰痛患者OP患病率较高;腰椎BMD测定是诊断骨质疏松症的重要手段。     

梯度胶电泳法测定冠心病患者血浆小密低密度脂蛋白

目的 建立实用的小密低密度脂蛋白(sdLDL)测定方法, 观察冠心病患者血浆中sdLDL和脂类成分的变化及相互关系。方法 采用2%～16%非变性聚丙烯酰胺梯度胶电泳和凝胶成象分析系统, 测定了105名冠心病患者和90名健康对照者血浆sdLDL、 血脂。结果 sdLDL＞50%的检出率, 冠心病组为38.1%, 对照组为11.1%(P＜0.01);sdLDL增多患者的甘油三酯水平(2.43±1.22) mmol/L明显高于sdLDL正常者(1.46±0.64) mmol/L, P＜0.01。结论 sdLDL与冠心病发生发展有关, 且与甘油三酯关系密切;sdLDL测定可作为预测冠心病危险性的指标之一。     

顺铂引起卵巢癌细胞周期变化及凋亡的观察

目的 :了解顺铂 (DDP)引起卵巢癌细胞COC1、COC1/DDP细胞周期变化及凋亡规律。方法 :用光镜、电镜及流式细胞术等方法观察细胞凋亡规律及进行细胞周期分析。结果 :DDP引起COC1、COC1/DDP细胞周期变化主要表现为S期阻滞 ,P <0 .0 1;细胞死亡方式主要是凋亡 ,凋亡细胞发生在S期 ,P <0 .0 1;COC1、COC1/DDP细胞凋亡率不同 ,COC1凋亡率高 ,两组相比差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :DDP引起COC1、COC1/DDP细胞S期阻滞、S期细胞凋亡 ,细胞凋亡与获得性耐药有关     

幽门螺杆菌分离培养技术的改进

探讨自制的改良布氏活性炭巧克力培养基,置厌氧罐蜡烛培养环境分离临床粘膜标本幽门螺杆菌(Hp)的检出率.结果表明66例粘膜标本中分离出Hp54株(81.8%),44株Hp滤液有24株(54.5%)具有细胞毒活性,其中26例消化性溃疡患者有18例(69.2%),18例慢性胃炎患者有6例(33.3%)为Hp(Toxin+)感染.结果提示通过对Hp生物学性状和毒素的检测结果证实,该法可用于临床粘膜标本Hp的常规分离培养.     

耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌HVR基因分型及其与耐药性的关系

目的 为获得成都地区耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌的HVR－PCR基因型,比较HVR基因型与耐药谱的关系,从而指导临床合理选用抗生素,并初步探讨其在分子流行病学分析中的作用。方法 从成都地区四家三甲医院收集到临床分离的葡萄球菌114株。其中86株MRSA、10株MRSE（Mc‘S.epidemidis)、5株MSSE（Mc‘S.epidemidis)、8株MRSH（Mc‘S.haemolyticus)和5株MSSH（Mc‘S.haemolyticus)。用琼脂平皿二倍稀释法测定其MIC值,优良的碱裂解法提取DNA,应用PCR技术,扩增mec基因高变区（HVR区）,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板和琼脂糖凝胶电泳分型。结果 根据PCR产物片段大小,MRSA、MRSE和MRSH分别被分为4种、3种和2种基因型,其中有9株MRSE的PCR扩增产物片段大小与MRSA相同。MRSA主要为A、D型,分别占52．32％和39．53％;B、C型最为耐药,而D型对多种药物敏感。MRSE的Ⅰ型为高度多重耐药株,而Ⅲ型对多种抗生素敏感。MRSH的a型比b型耐药。结论 HVR－PCR法对于由MRSA引起的院内感染的流行病学调查是一种快速、简单、可靠的分型法,且有利于抗菌药物的选用。这种方法能够部分比较MRSA菌株和耐甲氧西林的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（Mc‘CNSt)的mec决定因子,从而探讨其起源。