抗日本血吸虫单克隆抗体的制备及其在诊断中的应用

The present paper reported on an anti-CCA monoclonal antibody, McAb-IIID 10, which could be used in determinations of both parasite-oriented circulating antigens and specific anti-CCA antibodies. The established competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) using McAb-IIID 10 to detect schistosome-antibodies showed high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis with few cross-reactions. In field trials, coincident rates in 3 separate batches of serum samples when subjected to double-blind detections were obtained. A total of 1,915 serum samples had been determined by C-ELISA, among them 113 acute cases achieved a 100% positive rate, 765 chronic and 25 late cases showed 96.3% and 72% positive respectively. 70% of the 66 cured schistosomiasis cases turned to be negative. None of the 750 normal individuals showed positive reactions. No cross reaction was found in 27 sera from hydatidosis, whereas 1 and 2 positive reactions were found in 43 paragonimiasis sera and 126 clonorchiasis sera respectively. The established McAb-IIID 10 involved Dot-ELISA was found of value in the assessment of effective chemotherapy and showed a high negative conversion rate of 97.9% in 48 cured schistosomiasis patients. In 16 experimentally infected rabbits, 12 became negative in Dot-ELISA determinations at the 8th week post treatment, and the remaining 4 treated ones, the titer as well as the reaction intensity were also found reduced. A good coincidence rate was also found between C-ELISA and Dot-ELISA, their detection results may be complementary each other.     

2006年湖北省血吸虫病疫情监测结果分析

目的分析湖北省2006年国家级血吸虫病疫情监测点监测结果,为制定血吸虫病防治对策提供科学依据。方法根据《全国血吸虫病监测方案》,在湖北16个国家级监测点开展监测工作,统计与分析各项指标。结果16个监测点居民感染率为1.91%,耕牛感染率为12.06%,活螺平均密度为0.67只/0.11m2,感染螺平均密度为0.0011只/0.11m2,钉螺感染率为0.17%。结论2006年监测点的人群感染率和螺情指标均比上年有所下降,但耕牛感染状况依然严重,是湖北省血防工作的重点和难点。     

甲基强的松龙用于重症哮喘患者院前急救中的效果

目的:探讨甲基强的松龙用于重症哮喘患者院前急救中的效果。方法:选取2018年3月—2019年3月我院收治的65例重症哮喘患者为主要对象,采用随机数表法分组,对照组(n=32)在院前急救中用地塞米松,观察组(n=33)在院前急救中用甲基强的松龙,比较两组用药前后的心率、呼吸频率、临床症状评分及用药安全性。结果:两组急救后的呼吸频率和心率均明显小于抢救前,且观察组小于对照组,两组比较有显著差异;观察组临床症状评分小于对照组,两组有显著差异;经比较用药安全性,观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组,两组差异显著。结论:在重症哮喘院前急救中应用甲基强的松龙兼具有效性和安全性,可改善临床症状,提升生存质量,值得推广。     

短期使用氯喹/羟氯喹引起不良反应的病例报道分析及合理应用建议

目的检索与分析短期应用氯喹/羟氯喹(CQ/HCQ)可能导致的药品不良反应(ADR)及分析相关影响因素,为临床合理应用提供参考。方法通过检索PubMed、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库从建库至今CQ/HCQ引起的药品相关不良反应的个案报道的相关文献,设定单次服药至服药3个月内出现的ADR情况,分析CQ/HCQ可能引起的ADR及容易诱发ADR的相关因素,进行分析总结。结果共检索到文献1280篇,最终纳入42篇。其中心脏ADR共7篇10例,主要为心律失常,包括房室传导阻滞4例、Q-T间期延长4例;其中3例死亡,7例停药后恢复,服药1 g/d以上出现心脏毒性更快。视觉相关ADR文献4篇5例,其中应用CQ的1例,为单次用药后出现视力下降。HCQ的4例,出现黄斑病变1例,视物模糊1例,结膜充血2例。出现视物模糊与黄斑病变的患者停药后未恢复。皮肤ADR纳入21篇,严重的可引起Stevens-Johnson综合征2例,急性或泛发性脓疱病10例。其他严重ADR共10篇,主要表现为神经精神系统ADR。结论CQ/HCQ可引起严重ADR,对既往有心脏疾病、合并使用有相互作用的药物应进行严密监测,制定新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗的合理剂量,还应考虑患者疾病严重程度、肝肾功能情况,选择不同的药物与给药方案。     

Tp‐e and (Tp‐e)/QT ratio as a non‐invasive risk factors for malignant ventricular arrhythmia in patients with idiopathic ventricular premature complexes

BackgroundTo evaluate the role of Tp‐e and (Tp‐e)/QT ratio in differentiating benign ventricular premature complex (VPC) and malignant polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT).MethodsFrom January 2017 to December 2017, patients with documented polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) were consecutive included and classified as PVT/VF group. Sixty age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals were recruited as comparative control and subdivided into non‐VPC and VPC group. Clinical characteristics and Tp‐e and Tp‐e/QT ratio between the three groups were compared.ResultsTp‐e and (Tp‐e)/QT ratio were significantly higher in patients of PVT/VF group compared with the other two groups (P < .001). Episodes of syncope were more frequent in patients with PVT/VF (P < .05). The sensitivity and specificity of a Tp‐e interval ≥86 ms for malignant arrhythmias triggered by VPCs were 88% and 66%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of the Tp‐e/QT ratio ≥0.24 were 82% and 70%, respectively. Five patients complained recurrence of syncope in the PVT/VF group and 1 patient died with mean follow‐up of 18 months.ConclusionTp‐e interval and the Tp‐Te/QT ratio is significantly increased in patients with PVT/VF and may be used as a novel non‐invasive marker of differentiating malignant and benign VPC.     

Pediatric Cannabis Single-Substance Exposures Reported to the Michigan Poison Center From 2008–2019 After Medical Marijuana Legalization

BackgroundLegalization of medical and recreational cannabis is a major contributor to pediatric cannabis exposures. The trends and magnitude of pediatric cannabis exposures in Michigan after medical cannabis legalization in 2008 have not been assessed.ObjectiveTo describe the temporal trends of pediatric cannabis exposures reported to the Michigan Poison Center (MiPC) after medical cannabis was legalized in 2008 and 1 year after legalization of recreational cannabis in 2018.MethodsRetrospective electronic chart review of pediatric (<18 years old) single-substance cannabis exposures reported to the MiPC from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2019. Routes of cannabis exposure were reported as ingestion, inhalation, and unknown. Types of ingested cannabis products were also documented.ResultsBetween 2008 and 2019, 426 pediatric cannabis single exposures were reported. The median patient age was 6.0 years (interquartile range 2–15 years). Age distribution was bimodal. A total of 327 (76.8%) exposures were from cannabis ingestion, 79 (18.5%) from inhalation, 2 (0.5%) from both ingestion and inhalation, and 18 (4.2%) from unknown route. The doubling time for number of cases was 2.1 years, and the total number of annual reported cases increased after 2016. Teenagers (13–17 years) had the highest number of inhalational exposures, whereas young children (0–5 years) had the highest number of ingestions.ConclusionSingle-substance pediatric cannabis exposures reported to the Michigan Poison Center increased after medical cannabis was legalized in 2008 through recreational legalization in 2018.     

乳腺结节超声BI-RADS分类3~5类的量化评分研究

目的探讨基于超声BI-RADS分类的量化评分方法在乳腺结节良恶性风险评估中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析486个最大直径>1 cm的乳腺结节,将其超声征象与患者年龄作为评分指标并进行赋值,计算每个结节的总分并根据设定的BI-RADS 3~5类的分值界限进行BI-RADS分类。绘制ROC曲线,寻找最佳诊断分值界限。结果 486个乳腺结节中良性结节368个,恶性结节118个。ROC曲线下面积为0.952,以总分9分作为诊断界值,其灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为91.52%、83.69%、85.60%。BI-RADS 3、4a、4b、4c、5类的恶性构成比分别为0%、8.06%、29.09%、65.22%、92.54%。结论基于乳腺结节超声BI-RADS分类的量化评分方法可行性大,对常规超声下乳腺结节的良恶性风险评估有较高的准确度,有助于BI-RADS分类的推广应用。     

Successful application of burst spinal cord stimulation for refractory upper limb pain: a case series

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used to treat sustained pain that is intractable despite various types of treatment. However, conventional tonic waveform SCS has not shown promising outcomes for spinal cord injury (SCI) or postamputation pain. The pain signal mechanisms of burst waveforms are different to those of conventional tonic waveforms, but few reports have presented the therapeutic potential of burst waveforms for the abovementioned indications. This current case report describes two patients with refractory upper limb pain after SCI and upper limb amputation that were treated with burst waveform SCS. While the patients could not obtain sufficient therapeutic effect with conventional tonic waveforms, the burst waveforms provided better pain reduction with less discomfort. However, further studies are necessary to better clarify the mechanisms and efficacy of burst waveform SCS in patients with intractable pain.     

PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala contributes to an increased risk of overall cancer in the East Asian population: a meta-analysis

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) rs1136410 Val762Ala and cancer risk in Asian populations, as published findings remain controversial.MethodsThe PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched, and references of identified studies and reviews were screened, to find relevant studies. Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala and cancer risk, reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsA total of 24 studies with 8 926 cases and 15 295 controls were included. Overall, a significant association was found between PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala and cancer risk in East Asians (homozygous: OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06, 1.35; heterozygous: OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04, 1.17; recessive: OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02, 1.25; dominant: OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06, 1.19; and allele comparison: OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03, 1.15). Stratification analyses by race and cancer type revealed similar results for gastric cancer among the Chinese population.ConclusionThe findings suggest that PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala may be significantly associated with an increased cancer risk in Asians, particularly the Chinese population.