Stapes surgery in otosclerosis and small middle ear abnormality]

Stapes surgery in otosclerosis (first and revision operation) and in minor middle ear malformation follows the same principles, but the surgical problems are rather different. When analyzing three groups of patients, which had been operated on the same technique, we could show that the risks of the operation in malformation and revision surgery are not greater than they are in primary otosclerosis surgery. The audiologic results are more satisfying in the latter; malformation surgery and revision surgery have almost the same results which are lying somewhat below those of primary otosclerosis surgery. In the hands of an experienced surgeon, who is able to adopt his surgical technique at the individual situation, stapes surgery is nearly without risk in all these indications; an improvement of the air-conducting level of 18-23 dB can be expected and a social hearing above 35 dB can be provided in 83% of otosclerosis patients, in 79% of malformation patients and in 57% of revision patients.     

Diagnostik und Behandlung der Essex-Lopresti-Verletzung

ZusammenfassungEinleitung Die seltene, nach Essex-Lopresti benannte, Unterarmverletzung ist durch eine Radiusköpfchenfraktur in Verbindung mit einer Verletzung der interossären Membran (IOM) sowie des distalen Radioulnargelenks charakterisiert. Zugrunde liegt meist ein Hochrasanztrauma. Sie wird initial häufig übersehen und zeigt klinisch/funktionell in vielen Fällen schlechte Ergebnisse.Patienten und Methoden Anhand von 4 Fallbeispielen werden Unfallmechanismus, Diagnostik und Therapieoptionen aufgezeigt. Besonderes Augenmerk galt der Sonographie, die sich als meist verfügbares Diagnostikum eignet, Rupturen der IOM aufzuzeigen.Ergebnisse Die Nachuntersuchung nach durchschnittlich 35 Monaten erfolgte anhand des Score von Morrey und dem modifizierten Score von Green u. OBrien, welche sowohl subjektive als auch objektive Parameter berücksichtigen. Auch in 3 unserer Fälle war die Diagnose erst verzögert gestellt worden. Die Ergebnisse entsprechend der Scores waren im Schnitt befriedigend.Schlussfolgerung Wichtig ist die frühzeitige Diagnose. Hierbei ist ergänzend zur Röntgendiagnostik die Sonographie hilfreich. Basierend auf der Einteilung nach Edwards und Jupiter kann ein typenabhängiges, wenn auch nicht evidenzbasiertes, Behandlungskonzept abgeleitet werden.     

Mittelfußverletzungen im Kindesalter

Midfoot injuries of children are rare entities and often caused by high energy trauma mechanisms. Foot fractures in children may pose a diagnostic challenge but they usually have a good prognosis. In special cases computed tomography is necessary to find the right diagnosis in addition to plain X-rays. Based on two cases of midfoot injuries, a type II open Lisfranc fracture dislocation and a dislocation of a Chopart's joint, we describe the causes, diagnosis, and possibilities for treatment of juvenile midfoot injuries.     

Verletzungen der Halswirbelsäule bei der diffusen idiopathischen skelettalen Hyperostose

The incidence of diffuse idiopathic sceletal hyperostosis (DISH) is described in men more than 50 years old up to 25% and in women up to 15%. Even little trauma in patients with DISH often leads to injuries of the spine, especially the cervical spine. In many cases MRI is necessary to find the injury in this anatomically modified spine. It is often difficult to detect the injury by plane radiographs or even CT. Based on two cases of cervical spine fractures in patients with DISH we will describe the difficulties and specialities in the diagnostics and surgical treatment of injuries of the cervical spine in patients with DISH. In the one case we stabilized a patient with an odontoid fracture type Andersson II, the other case was a traumatic spondylolisthesis C4/C5. Both cases were treated operatively, the odontoid fracture was stabilized by a single screw, the spodylolisthesis by a ventral plate. If there are modifications in the spinal anatomy by degenerative diseases like DISH or spondylitis ankylosans, it is important to perform an intense search for injuries of the spine. In many cases MRI is indicated to detect the injury because plane radiographs and CT are not sensitive enough. For the planning of the operation it is important to meet concerns to the thick anterior longitudinal ligament and to use screws, that are long enough because the use of standard instruments is often not successful.     

Complex injuries of the shoulder - floating shoulder

Complex injuries of the shoulder are comparatively rare. Within the field of complex shoulder injuries this article particularly deals with the diagnosis and therapy of the "floating shoulder injury" as a review article. This term describes a discontinuation of the osseus and soft tissue suspension of the upper extremity from the axial skeleton. By literature review and involvement of recent biomechanical studies this article will show the injury patterns that lead to instability of the shoulder girdle and the therapeutic to be employed in respective cases. Key words: shoulder, floating shoulder, clavicle fracture, scapula fracture.     

Nutritional profile of recruits to a fitness programme

Examination of the dietary habits of a group of adults embarking on a two-year fitness programme (the "Adelaide 1000") showed that, although many of their dietary habits were more consistent with national dietary guidelines than those of a comparison community group, their overall intake of nutrients was similar. The major difference was a substantially higher rate of dietary supplementation with vitamin and mineral preparations in the fitness group. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to public understanding of dietary principles and to the provision of practical nutritional guidance in conjunction with fitness programmes.