全文获取类型
收费全文 | 20377篇 |
免费 | 2099篇 |
国内免费 | 65篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 190篇 |
儿科学 | 754篇 |
妇产科学 | 507篇 |
基础医学 | 2510篇 |
口腔科学 | 206篇 |
临床医学 | 2991篇 |
内科学 | 4344篇 |
皮肤病学 | 366篇 |
神经病学 | 2045篇 |
特种医学 | 507篇 |
外国民族医学 | 5篇 |
外科学 | 2133篇 |
综合类 | 141篇 |
一般理论 | 14篇 |
预防医学 | 2577篇 |
眼科学 | 278篇 |
药学 | 1264篇 |
中国医学 | 13篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1696篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 59篇 |
2023年 | 390篇 |
2022年 | 541篇 |
2021年 | 928篇 |
2020年 | 633篇 |
2019年 | 847篇 |
2018年 | 1058篇 |
2017年 | 803篇 |
2016年 | 847篇 |
2015年 | 891篇 |
2014年 | 1151篇 |
2013年 | 1294篇 |
2012年 | 1733篇 |
2011年 | 1707篇 |
2010年 | 963篇 |
2009年 | 921篇 |
2008年 | 1204篇 |
2007年 | 1161篇 |
2006年 | 1061篇 |
2005年 | 1000篇 |
2004年 | 895篇 |
2003年 | 702篇 |
2002年 | 631篇 |
2001年 | 93篇 |
2000年 | 97篇 |
1999年 | 99篇 |
1998年 | 164篇 |
1997年 | 112篇 |
1996年 | 95篇 |
1995年 | 80篇 |
1994年 | 68篇 |
1993年 | 56篇 |
1992年 | 32篇 |
1991年 | 26篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 21篇 |
1987年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 13篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Karissa Y. Kim PharmD CACP ; Kelly Epplen PharmD CACP ; Farzin Foruhari MD ; Hattie Alexandropoulos PharmD 《Progress in cardiovascular nursing》2006,21(2):1-4
A 79-year-old man with a history of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism received anticoagulation therapy with warfarin 5 mg daily for 8 months. He was diagnosed with osteomyelitis and underwent partial metatarsal resection of his right foot. After surgery, antibiotics were initiated including ertapenem sodium 1 g intravenously every 24 hours, vancomycin 1400 mg intravenously every 24 hours, and rifampin 300 mg by mouth twice daily. Achieving a therapeutic level of anticoagulation was difficult despite escalating doses of warfarin, because of the interaction with rifampin. A 5- to 6-fold increase in warfarin dose was prescribed to reach therapeutic international normalized ratios (INRs), but even these increases were insufficient to maintain his INR in the therapeutic range. After rifampin was discontinued, warfarin doses were gradually reduced over the next 2 months. When concurrent warfarin-rifampin therapy is necessary, vigilant monitoring is imperative and significant increases in warfarin doses are likely. 相似文献
32.
Reduction of epidural fibrosis in lumbar surgery with Oxiplex adhesion barriers of carboxymethylcellulose and polyethylene oxide. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Kathleen E Rodgers James T Robertson Theresa Espinoza Wilham Oppelt Stephanie Cortese Gere S diZerega Richard A Berg 《The spine journal》2003,3(4):277-83; discussion 284
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Postsurgical epidural adhesions and fibrosis after surgery for lumbar disc herniation are a consequence of normal wound healing. The presence of fibrosis renders reoperations risky, and in some patients fibrosis may lead to nerve root tethering. PURPOSE: One approach to minimizing the risk of developing epidural adhesions is to provide a barrier between the dural membrane and the healing connective tissues. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate such a barrier device. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: In vivo investigation in an animal model at a university laboratory. PATIENT SAMPLE: Rabbit. OUTCOME MEASURES: Gross and histomorphic evaluation. METHODS: Barriers comprised of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) (Oxiplex; FzioMed, Inc., San Luis Obispo, CA) were studied as devices to reduce epidural adhesion formation in rabbit laminotomy and laminectomy models. The barriers tested were either a gel alone (gel) or a gel covered with a film (gel/film combination). Two laminotomy or laminectomy sites (depending on the surgical method) were created in each rabbit at L4 and L6. One site was treated with a CMC/PEO gel, or CMC/PEO gel/film combination, and the other site served as a surgical control. Two surgical models that differed in the extent of adhesion formation at untreated injury sites and the method of injury generation were used. RESULTS: Model A, which did not incorporate dural abrasion, resulted in up to 40% adhesion-free laminectomy sites in controls. Model B, which did incorporate abrasion of the dural membrane, resulted in less than 10% adhesion-free laminotomy sites in controls. Compositions of CMC/PEO gels (2.5% to 10% PEO) and films (22.5% PEO) were tested in both models. Efficacy parameters included measuring the number of sites free of epidural fibrosis and reduction in the severity of fibrosis (adhesions). Both gels and gel/film combinations consistently reduced the frequency and the extent of epidural fibrosis in both models. Gels of CMC/PEO containing a higher content of PEO (10%) and a higher molecular weight of PEO (4.4 mD) were most effective in Model B and resulted in up to 84% laminotomy sites with minimal or no epidural fibrosis, whereas controls exhibited over 90% of the sites with epidural fibrosis. Histological evaluation of the surgical sites indicated that the reduction of epidural fibrosis was accompanied by normal bone healing. In addition, these experiments demonstrated that the gel/film combination provided no additional benefit to that obtained by the gel alone. CONCLUSIONS: Gels of CMC/PEO reduced epidural fibrosis and did not impair normal heal ing. 相似文献
33.
Solish Nowell MD Benohanian Antranik MD Jonathan W. Kowalski PharmD MS on Behalf of the Canadian Dermatology Study Group on Health-Related Quality of Life in Primary Axillary Hyperhidrosis 《Dermatologic surgery》2005,31(4):405-413
BACKGROUND: Patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis experience substantial functional impairment and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Few studies have comprehensively evaluated the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) on these symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess the effects of BoNT-A on functional impairment associated with primary axillary hyperhidrosis. METHODS: Patients treated with BoNT-A 50 U per axilla at baseline were assessed 4 and 12 weeks later. Outcome measures included functional impairment as assessed by the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale and the Hyperhidrosis Impact Questionnaire and dermatology-specific HRQOL as assessed by the Dermatology Life Quality Index. RESULTS: At weeks 4 and 12 after BoNT-A treatment, 85% and 90% of patients achieved the a priori definition of treatment responder. Patients reported less occupational and emotional impairment, spent less time managing their hyperhidrosis, and had fewer difficulties in social situations. Adverse events were uncommon (5.5%), were mild, and did not require treatment. At study end, 53% of patients reported no dermatology-specific HRQOL impairment and 90% were satisfied with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Significant, meaningful, rapid, and durable reductions in disease severity and functional impairment, as well as improvements in HRQOL, were seen following BoNT-A treatment. BoNT-A was safe and well tolerated, producing high levels of patient satisfaction. 相似文献
34.
Angela Torlopp Stephanie S Breher Jan Schlüter Thomas Brand 《Developmental dynamics》2006,235(3):691-700
The isolation of the Popeye gene family was based on its preferential expression in striated muscle tissue. Recently, a monoclonal antibody against chick Popdc1 (also known as Bves) became available and was used in this study to comparatively analyze the expression pattern of Popdc1 at both the protein and mRNA level during early chick embryogenesis. Using whole-mount immunohistochemistry, expression in the heart was first observed at Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) stage 10 in the presumptive left ventricular segment. Cardiac expression was confined to differentiated cardiac myocytes, and undifferentiated myocytes at the anterior and posterior pole showed little expression. After looping, the outer curvature myocardium showed prominent Popdc1 staining, whereas the inner curvature was unlabeled. Despite previous reports, Popdc1 protein was not detectable at any time point in the proepicardium, epicardium, or the smooth muscle layer of the coronary vessels. Whole-mount in situ hybridization using a full-length Popdc1 probe detected novel expression domains, which have not been described previously. Popdc1 mRNA was found in Hensen's node at HH stage 4, and by HH stage 5+, expression became asymmetric. In addition, Popdc1 mRNA was found in pharyngeal endoderm and in the notochordal plate. Subsequently, beginning at HH stage 9, Popdc1 mRNA expression was found in the cardiac mesoderm and expression was maintained in the heart in a pattern very similar to the one observed by antibody staining. 相似文献
35.
36.
37.
Holly K Craig Connie A Thompson Julie A Washington Stephanie L Potter 《J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res.》2003,46(3):623-635
The production of phonological features of African American English (AAE) was examined for 64 typically developing African American children in the 2nd through the 5th grade. Students read aloud passages written in Standard American English. Sixty of the students read the passages using AAE, and 8 different phonological features were represented in their readings. Phonological features were more frequent than morphosyntactic features. The findings as a whole support use of the taxonomy developed for this investigation in characterizing the phonological features of child AAE. 相似文献
38.
Motor imagery (MI), which refers to the process of mental representation of movements, has not been studied in patients with essential tremor (ET). We investigated the presence of impaired MI in ET patients compared with healthy controls. A group of drug-naive and nondemented ET patients and age-matched controls were studied using transcranial magnetic stimulation, while they were specifically instructed to try and imagine themselves performing two motor tasks. The various clinical and electrophysiological variables were evaluated and compared. Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference between ET patients and controls with respect to mean motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes (F(1,38) = 31.92, P < 0.005) during MI. The process of MI effectively facilitated MEP amplitude in controls but not in ET patients, regardless of side of stimulation or motor tasks. We provide evidence to demonstrate impairment of MI in a group of ET patients compared with healthy controls. The basis for this novel finding is unclear, and further studies are warranted to determine whether it is related to cerebellar or motor cortical dysfunction. 相似文献
39.
Glucocorticoid receptor enhancement of pregnane X receptor-mediated CYP2B6 regulation in primary human hepatocytes. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hongbing Wang Stephanie R Faucette Darryl Gilbert Summer L Jolley Tatsuya Sueyoshi Masahiko Negishi Edward L LeCluyse 《Drug metabolism and disposition》2003,31(5):620-630
Although the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) facilitates the xenobiotic-induced expression of CYP2B in rodents, its role in the regulation of human CYP2B6 is unclear. In this report, the role of human GR in the regulation of CYP2B6 was evaluated using primary human hepatocytes and transfection assays with Huh7 cells. CYP2B6 expression was not induced in primary hepatocytes treated with dexamethasone (DEX) concentrations (0.01-1 microM) known to activate GR. In contrast, treatment with 0.1 microM DEX enhanced CYP2B6 induction by different pregnane X receptor (PXR) activators, including rifampin, phenytoin, clotrimazole, and phenobarbital. In Huh7 cells, cotransfection of human (h)GR and hPXR with CYP2B6-phenobarbital-responsive enhancer module (PBREM) reporter constructs revealed that all hPXR ligands induce CYP2B6 reporter gene activity, and this ligand-dependent activation is greatly enhanced by activated hGR. CYP2B6 reporter gene expression was not induced in the presence of hPXR ligands when hGR alone was cotransfected with CYP2B6 reporter construct. In hGR and human constitutive androstane receptor (hCAR) cotransfection assays, activated hGR increased the constitutive activation of PBREM reporter constructs by hCAR in the absence of inducers. In the presence of activated hGR and known inducers of CYP2B6, only PB treatment caused a further 2-fold activation of hCAR compared with control. These studies show that hGR is involved synergistically in the xenobiotic-responsive regulation of human CYP2B6 by hPXR and hCAR. Moreover, the results suggest that the GR-enhanced expression of CYP2B6 is mediated through an indirect mechanism that does not require increased expression of nuclear receptor. 相似文献
40.
Richard B. Dewey Jr Surendra D. Rao Stephanie L. Holmburg Ronald G. Victor 《European journal of neurology》1998,5(6):593-599
Eight patients with parkinsonism who developed severe orthostatic sypotension, were treated with oral ergotamine/caffeine. Significant long-term improvement in standing systolic blood pressure and symptoms of syncope and light-headedness were observed in four of these patients. One patient in whom the drug was effective discontinued it because of nausea. Another lost benefit after 2 weeks of sucessful therapy. Significant supine systolic hypertension occureed in only one patient, which was easily managed by nifedipine given at night. Symptoms or signs of ergotism were not observed. Oral ergotamine/caffeine should be considered as a cost-effective teratment for refactory orthostatic hypotension in carefully selected patients with parkinsonism. 相似文献