小耳畸形残耳软骨的生物化学研究

目的　探讨正常耳软骨与先天性小耳畸形的残耳软骨生化成分的异同 ,进而推论小耳畸形的病因。方法　选取年龄在 10岁左右 ,Tanzer分类ⅡA型的 7例先天性小耳畸形患者的残耳软骨 (A组 )。同时取 7名同龄尸体的正常耳廓耳甲部分的软骨 (B组 )。各取 7份标本做生化检查 ,测定胶原、糖胺多糖 (glycoaminoglycan ,GAG)含量 ;硫酸软骨素 (chondroitinsulfate,Chs)、硫酸角质素 (keratansulfate ,KS)和透明质酸 (hyaluronan ,HA)各占GAG的百分含量。结果　A组与B组之间胶原含量差异无显著性意义 ;GAG含量差异有显著性意义A组 (49.0 0± 2 5 .6 0 ) μg/mg比B组 (2 8.2 5± 4 .80 ) μg/mg多。在GAG中的组成部分中 ,A组HA(38.96± 4 .97) %、Chs(2 9.0 2± 4 .12 ) %、KS(32 .16± 7.4l) %与B组HA(32 .94± 3.2 4 ) %、Chs(33.10± 2 .6 1) %、KS(33.96± 1.6 6 ) %之间HA和Chs含量差异有显著性意义 ,而KS含量差异无显著性意义。结论　残耳软骨与正常耳软骨中胶原含量无差异 ,但含GAG前者比后者多。在GAG中的各成分的百分含量中 ,残耳软骨含HA较高 ,Chs较低 ,KS与正常耳软骨无差异。     

应用皮肤皱缩缝合技术行垂直切口乳房缩小整形术

目的　减少乳房缩小整形术所导致的切口瘢痕。方法　在做乳房缩小整形术时 ,在乳房下皱襞处不做切口 ,仅保留乳晕周围和乳晕下垂直切口 ,对乳房进行悬吊和塑形 ,而对乳晕下多余的皮肤和较长的皮肤切口 ,应用皮肤皱缩缝合技术进行缝合 ,利用组织的弹性 ,使其在手术后自动逐渐展平。结果　共为 13例患者实施了垂直切口的乳房缩小整形术 ,术后切口皆一期愈合 ,无血肿、感染、皮肤或乳头坏死等并发症发生 ,除 3例巨乳合并乳房严重松垂者半年后需再次对下皱襞处多余皮肤进行小的修整外 ,其余患者术后乳房和垂直切口形态满意。结论　垂直切口乳房缩小整形术设计、操作简单 ,容易掌握 ,效果恒定 ,在保证乳房缩小整形良好的乳房形态的同时 ,避免了在乳房下皱襞处的切口 ,是一种较好的乳房缩小整形术式。     

聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射美容的临床与组织学评估

目的　探讨聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射后并发症的临床与组织学特点。方法　对 1998年至 2 0 0 3年接诊的 5 2例在外院注射了聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶 ,并引起并发症患者的临床资料进行了总结与组织学研究。为了便于比较 ,另选 12例 1988年～ 1994年期间接受液态硅胶注射的患者取出的组织病理切片与之对照研究。结果　聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射后并发症以局部硬结最多见 ,而且多发生在注射后 1～ 2年左右时间里。人体组织对注射的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的反应为多核异物巨细胞增生 ,并形成肉芽肿。与液态硅胶比较 ,注射的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶引起组织的淋巴细胞反应弱 ,材料周围的纤维包膜较薄。机体内长期存留的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶可能会引起局部组织变性反应。结论　聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶作为软组织填充剂的安全性需要进一步研究。     

应用皮瓣、黏膜肌瓣及硅胶假体隆鼻隆颌矫治面中凹陷畸形

目的寻求以比较简便的方法改善面中部凹陷和鞍鼻畸形。方法应用鼻小柱基底皮瓣和上唇双侧口腔黏膜肌瓣并以硅胶假体填充隆鼻隆颌矫治面中凹陷畸形。结果用此方法于隆鼻同时行面中部凹陷充填,效果满意。结论这使一个比较复杂的畸形,用较简便的方法得以矫正,创伤小,并发症少,并且经济、有效,值得推广应用。     

高频线阵型超声波在肛瘘诊断中的应用

目的：探讨高频线阵型超声波在肛瘘诊断中的价值。方法：使用GE公司LOGIQ7型超声波诊断仪10MHz高频线阵型探头对26例复杂肛瘘及可疑肛瘘患者进行术前检查，并与手术结果对比。结果：超声波显示情况与手术结果完全符合。结论：高频线阵型超声波在肛瘘诊断中具有较高的价值。     

A Swedish consensus on the surgical treatment of concomitant atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia among patients scheduled for open heart surgery and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. According to international guidelines, symptomatic and selected asymptomatic patients should be offered concomitant surgical AF ablation in conjunction with valvular or coronary surgery. The gold standard in AF surgery is the Cox Maze III ("cut-and-sew") procedure, with surgical incisions in both atria according to a specified pattern, in order to prevent AF reentry circuits from developing. Over 90% of patients treated with the Cox Maze III procedure are free of AF after 1 year. Recent developments in ablation technology have introduced several energy sources capable of creating nonconducting atrial wall lesions. In addition, simplified lesion patterns have been suggested, but results with these techniques have been unsatisfactory. There is a clear need for standardization in AF surgery. The Swedish Arrhythmia Surgery Group, represented by surgeons from all Swedish units for cardiothoracic surgery, has therefore reached a consensus on surgical treatment of concomitant AF. This consensus emphasizes adherence to the lesion pattern in the Cox Maze III procedure and the use of biatrial lesions in nonparoxysmal AF.     

The health and life priorities of individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review

Determining the priorities of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) can assist in choosing research priorities that will ultimately improve their quality of life. This systematic review examined studies that directly surveyed people with SCI to ascertain their health priorities and life domains of importance. Twenty-four studies (a combined sample of 5262 subjects) that met the inclusion criteria were identified using electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO). The questionnaire methods and domains of importance were reviewed and described. While the questionnaires varied across studies, a consistent set of priorities emerged. Functional recovery priorities were identified for the following areas: motor function (including arm/hand function for individuals with tetraplegia, and mobility for individuals with paraplegia), bowel, bladder, and sexual function. In addition, health, as well as relationships, emerged as important life domains. The information from this study, which identified the priorities and domains of importance for individuals with SCI, may be useful for informing health care and research agenda-setting activities.     

Unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma--the CAE-S/CAMIC registry

INTRODUCTION: Results of earlier surveys raised the prospect that laparoscopic surgical procedures may specifically increase the risk of port wound metastasis and generally of tumour cell seeding if at the time of operation an unsuspected gallbladder cancer existed. Other observations lead to presume that laparoscopic technique could deteriorate the prognosis of gallbladder cancer. These assumptions are going to be verified by the CAES/ CAMIC-registry. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The Workgroup Surgical Endoscopy (CAE) of the German Society of Surgery has started 1997 a registry of all cases of cholecystectomy--laparoscopic as well open--with a postoperative incidental finding of a gallbladder carcinoma. The aim of our registry is to compare the prospectively collected follow up data on the outcome of these patients and to answer the question whether laparoscopic cholecystectomy affects the course and the prognosis of patients with unsuspected gallbladder cancer. RESULTS: Until now 142 cases of incidental gallbladder cancer following laparoscopic and 79 cases following open cholecystectomy as well as 24 cases after intraoperative conversion to the open procedure have been recorded. The median follow up runs up to 27 (1-69) months. Following laparoscopic primary procedure we registered 10 port site metastases (7 %), following open primary procedure 4 (5.1 %) wound recurrences. The total recurrence rate at the moment is about 27 % after laparoscopic treatment and 31 % for conventionally operated patients. 70 of the 245 patients underwent a second radical procedure after diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma. A postoperative combined radio- and chemotherapy was undertaken in 4 cases, a chemotherapy alone in 14 cases. 64 patients already died due to the underlining disease. DISCUSSION: At the present, after a median follow up of 27 months, the incidence of abdominal wall recurrences is very similar following laparoscopic and conventional procedure (7 % vs. 5.1 %). The total incidence of recurrences is at the moment slightly higher following open cholecystectomy (31 % vs. 27 %). The access technique, open or laparoscopic, doesn't seem to influence the prognosis of unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma. Until now we could not find disadvantages for the laparoscopically operated group.     

舒胆合剂防治阻塞性黄疸肾功能障碍的作用机制

目的 探讨在阻塞性黄疸(OJ)时舒胆合剂的抗内毒素及对肾功能的保护作用。方法 SD大鼠胆总管结扎后分3组，每组10只，分别用2mL舒胆合剂、乳果糖液(每100mL含乳果糖67g)、生理盐水灌胃，连用9d。假手术组10只，用2mL生理盐水灌胃。观察内毒素、血和肾组织中内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)的含量、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性及肾功能的变化。结果 舒胆合剂组与乳果糖组血内毒素、血和肾组织ET水平较生理盐水组明显降低，血和肾组织N0、NOS活性、内生肌酐清除率、肾皮质血流量较生理盐水组明显升高。结论 在OJ时，中药舒胆合剂有抗内毒素作用，并通过减少体内内毒素水平来降低体内ET水平，升高N0水平起到保护肾功能的作用。