Immunity to hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and measles in fully vaccinated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children

Objective: To determine the immunity to hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and measles in fully vaccinated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children in north Queensland.
Methodology: A cross-sectional survey of immunity in a sample of children; 101 fully vaccinated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children, with a median age of 24.5 months, from 10 communities in North Queensland participated in this study. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of adequate antibody levels against hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and measles.
Results: Only 54% (95% Cl 44–63%) of the children had adequate immunity (10 m iu/mL) to hepatitis B, and one child had been infected despite vaccination. Although all the children (95% Cl 96–100%) had adequate immunity (i.e. neutralizing antibodies at a dilution of 1:8) to poliovirus 2, only 93% (95% Cl 86–96%) and 60% (95% Cl 50–69%) had adequate immunity to polioviruses 1 and 3, respectively. Nearly all (96%; 95% Cl 90–98%) of the children had adequate immunity (i.e. detectable IgG antibody) to measles.
Conclusions: Although a relatively low proportion of the children had adequate antibody levels against hepatitis B the clinical significance of this observation is uncertain. Further studies are needed to determine whether fully vaccinated Torres Strait Island children have been adequately protected and whether they require a booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine. A substantial proportion of fully vaccinated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children are inadequately protected against poliomyelitis, and therefore any such child with acute flaccid paralysis should be investigated fully for poliomyelitis. Vaccinated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children are well protected against measles, as are other Australian children.     

Traumatic flap displacement after LASIK

CASE REPORT: We present a case of traumatic displacement of corneal flap in the superior temporal quadrant 13 days after LASIK. The flap was repositioned after gentle irrigation of BSS, cleaned the interface and then drying the flap to verify its stability. In the next day the flap was adhered, clear cornea,smooth and visual acuity without correction was 1.00. DISCUSSION: We should try immediately to reposition the flap after traumatic displacement, as in this case.     

Proliferative ischaemic retinopathy in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipidic syndrome

PURPOSE/METHODS: We report a 34-year-old woman with sytemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.) and antiphospholipidic syndrome which presented severe ischaemic retinopathy and neovascular proliferation. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: We achieved no progression of the disease and stabilization of visual acuity with panphotocoagulation. We recommend periodic ophtalmologic exams because of the scarce symptomatology.     

流感病毒A／越南/1194/2004H5N1毒株灭活裂解疫苗的安全性和免疫原性

背景:在亚洲、非洲和欧洲,致病性H5N1流感病毒引起禽流感在家禽和候鸟中爆发流行,还导致了人类发病和死亡。虽然目前H5N1毒株引起人与人之间的传染不太可能,但它仍可能是未来流感大范围流行的潜在威胁因素。本试验的目的就是评价针对H5N1病毒株的裂解病毒疫苗的安全性和免疫原性。方法:对300名志愿者(年龄为18岁～40岁)进行随机、开放标签的、无对照的Ⅰ期试验。300名志愿者被分为6组:7.5mg血凝素加佐剂组(n=50)、7.5mg血凝素不加佐剂组(n=49)、15mg血凝素加佐剂组(n=50)、15mg血凝素不加佐剂组(n=50)、30mg血凝素加佐剂组(n=51)、30mg血…     

Grandparents as Parents: Research Findings and Policy Recommendations

This article presents an overview of research on grandparenthood in the latter decades of the twentieth century. Theories contributing to understanding of the grandparenting role are discussed, and significant factors affecting the grandparenting experience—including sex, age, retirement status, race, and ethnicity—are reviewed. The special case of grandparents raising grandchildren is explored through a review of demographics, outcomes for children in grandparent foster care, and the impact of raising grandchildren on grandparents. Interventions supporting custodial grandparents and the grandchildren in their care are examined. Drawing on the findings and implications of this overview, recommendations for policy, clinical practice, professional education, and future research are offered.