Flexible tantalum stents implanted in aortas and iliac arteries: effects in normal canines

Vascular endoprostheses made of knitted tantalum wire and expanded over angioplasty balloons were placed into aortas or iliac arteries of 14 normal dogs. Twelve stents were placed into the infrarenal abdominal aorta and two stents in the left common iliac arteries by the left carotid artery approach. To firmly expand the stent against the vascular wall, nominal stent sizes 0.5-1.0 mm larger than the measured arterial diameter were required. Arteriography performed at specified follow-up intervals showed no evidence of thrombi or emboli; all side branches (lumbar arteries) covered by the stents remained patent. Vascular diameter decreased minimally at 8 and 26 weeks, associated with histopathologic evidence of neointimal buildup. This buildup was highest at 8 weeks (mean, 313 microns) and was slightly less at 26 weeks (mean, 223 microns). Almost complete coverage by endothelium was seen as early as 3 weeks. It is concluded that the flexible tantalum wire stents are well tolerated by the arterial wall and become quickly endothelialized. No excessive neointimal buildup was observed during the 6-month study.     

生物人工肝用C3A细胞在零下非结冰时的保存

目的:探讨零下非结冰保存肝细胞的效果及其与细胞凋亡的关系.方法:UW液保存的C3A细胞悬液分为3组:-0.8℃组(零下非结冰组),0℃组(0℃非结冰组),4℃组(对照组).低温保存24、48及72 h后,采用流式细胞术分别测定细胞存活率及凋亡率,同时测定LDH、乳酸释放,细胞内ATP含量、尿素合成功能及白蛋白分泌功能,同时观察细胞形态.结果:零下非结冰组较0℃非结冰组及对照组明显提高了低温保存72 h的C3A细胞的存活率(86.49%±2.80%vs 81.50%±2.83%.77.83%±3.40%,均P<0.05),降低了细胞凋亡率(1.26%±0.84%vs 5.34%±1.20%,9.16%±1.99%,均P<0.05);明显抑制了低温保存72 h乳酸以及LDH释放(乳酸:10.38μg/106 Cells±1.40 μg/106 cells vs 12.02 μg/106cells±1.64μg/106 cells,17.41μg/10°cells±2.40μg/106cells:LDH:80.10 U/L±11.10 U/L vs 12004U/L±14.32 U/L,148.98 U/L±15.37 U/L,均P<0.05);更好地维持了低温保存72 h C3A细胞内ATP含量、尿素合成功能、及白蛋白分泌功能(均P<0.05).形态上,零下非结冰组保存细胞死亡比例少,细胞接触良好,未见对照组及0℃非结冰组细胞膜周围出现"毛刺"样改变及细胞内的"空泡样"改变.结论:在零下非结冰条件下保存肝细胞,建立一个"血库样"(ready to use)肝细胞库,可以有效促进生物人工肝的发展.     

Prevalent high‐risk respiratory hygiene practices in urban and rural Bangladesh

Objectives To identify existing respiratory hygiene risk practices, and guide the development of interventions for improving respiratory hygiene. Methods We selected a convenience sample of 80 households and 20 schools in two densely populated communities in Bangladesh, one urban and one rural. We observed and recorded respiratory hygiene events with potential to spread viruses such as coughing, sneezing, spitting and nasal cleaning using a standardized assessment tool. Results In 907 (81%) of 1122 observed events, households’ participants coughed or sneezed into the air (i.e. uncovered), 119 (11%) into their hands and 83 (7%) into their clothing. Twenty‐two per cent of women covered their coughs and sneezes compared to 13% of men (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6–4.3). Twenty‐seven per cent of persons living in households with a reported monthly income of >72.6 US$ covered their coughs or sneezes compared to 13% of persons living in households with lower income (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.6–6.2). In 956 (85%) of 1126 events, school participants coughed or sneezed into the air and 142 (13%) into their hands. Twenty‐seven per cent of coughs/sneezes in rural schools were covered compared to 10% of coughs/sneezes in urban schools (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5–3.6). Hand washing was never observed after participants coughed or sneezed into their hands. Conclusion There is an urgent need to develop culturally appropriate, cost‐effective and scalable interventions to improve respiratory hygiene practices and to assess their effectiveness in reducing respiratory pathogen transmission.     

血管闭合器应用的现况与展望

股动脉径路是冠状动脉及外周血管介入诊疗的主要途径。然而,股动脉径路穿刺的围术期血管并发症仍是每个介入医生时常面对的问题。研究显示,与压迫止血比较,血管闭合器可减少围术期血管并发症,缩短患者制动时间,增加患者舒适度。现就相关内容及最新进展进行简要综述。     

甲泼尼龙与地塞米松治疗过敏性休克的对比研究

目的 回顾性对比分析地塞米松(DX)和不同剂量甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠(MP)治疗过敏性休克的临床缓解时间.方法 对36例过敏性休克患者进行回顾性分析,随机分为3组:DX组12例,先静脉推注地塞米松注射液10 mg,然后将地塞米松注射液10 mg加入0.9%氯化钠溶液250 ml静脉滴注维持;小剂量MP组12例,先静脉推注甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠40 mg,然后将甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠40 mg加入0.9%氯化钠溶液250 ml静脉滴注维持;大剂量MP组12例,先静脉推注甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠80 mg,然后将甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠120 mg加入0.9%氯化钠溶液中静脉滴注维持.其他治疗措施及方法相同.分析比较3组患者症状缓解所需时间.结果 经抗休克治疗后3组患者症状均得到有效缓解,3组患者症状缓解所需时间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),DX组平均缓解时间长于不同剂量MP组,而小剂量MP组患者症状平均缓解时间要长于大剂量MP组,3组平均缓解时间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 过敏性休克患者早期使用大剂量甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠治疗可迅速而有效的缓解临床症状.     

β-防御素-2荧光素酶报告基因载体及克罗恩突变体的构建

目的：构建人β-防御素-2（hBD-2）荧光素酶报告基因质粒及其克罗恩病（Crohn’s,CD）相关突变体,并检测其在人胚胎肾T细胞（HEK-293T）中的活化．方法：通过基因重组构建包含hBD-2启动子序列的报告基因质粒hBD-2—780-luc,再通过定点突变技术在启动子区（-233位点）引入变异点（G变为C）,构建突变体hBD-2-mut-luc;经酶切及测序验证后,将报告基因质粒和野生型NOD2／CARD15蛋白真核表达载体共转染到HEK一293T中,TNF—α刺激后测定双荧光素酶的表达．结果：酶切和测序证实,构建了重组体hBD-2-780-luc及其突变体hBD-2-mut—luc,两者均能表达荧光素酶活性,且明显高于空载体．结论：hBD-2报告基因质粒hBD-2-780-luc及其CD相关突变体hBD-2-mut—luc构建成功,并在细胞内活化表达荧光素酶．     

成人前B急性淋巴母细胞性白血病CD20表达与预后的关系

目的：探讨白细胞分化抗原CD20表达对成人前B急性淋巴细胞性白血病（Pre B-ALL）临床特征及治疗转归的影响。方法：回顾性分析我院2005-01／2008-01成人前B-ALL患者91例临床特征及治疗转归,比较CD20阳性患者及CD20阴性患者第1疗程诱导治疗完全缓解率、持续完全缓解率、髓外浸润率、复发率及2a生存率。结果：91例成人前B-ALL患者中CD20阳性患者43例（47％）,CD20阴性患者48例（53％）;CD20阳性与阴性患者经第1疗程诱导治疗后获完全缓解率分别为69.8％（30／43）,81.3％（39／48）（P〉0.05）,持续完全缓解率分别为11.6％（5／43）,41.7％（20／48）（P〈0.05）;髓外浸润率分别为46.5％（20／43）,22.9％（11／48）（P〈0.05）;复发率分别为65.1％（28／43）,39.6％（19／48）（P〈0.05）;2a总生存率分别为17.3％,47.2％（P〈0.05）。结论：成人Pre B-ALL瘤细胞表达CD20提示预后不良。