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21.
Association between hepatitis B co‐infection and elevated liver stiffness among HIV‐infected adults in Lusaka,Zambia 下载免费PDF全文
Michael J. Vinikoor Lloyd Mulenga Alice Siyunda Kalo Musukuma Roma Chilengi Carolyn Bolton Moore Benjamin H. Chi Mary‐Ann Davies Matthias Egger Gilles Wandeler International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS in Southern Africa 《Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH》2016,21(11):1435-1441
22.
Rosemary Ball Kevin W. Southern Pamela McCormack Alistair J.A. Duff Keith G. Brownlee Paul S. McNamara 《Journal of cystic fibrosis》2013,12(5):440-444
ObjectivesTreatment regimen for families of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is considerable, particularly when nebulised therapies for chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection are prescribed. Adherence to these regimens is variable, particularly in adolescence. Previously, we reported children to be more adherent in evenings compared to mornings, suggesting an association with time-pressure. The aim of this study was to determine whether adherence would be better in adolescent patients at weekends and during school holidays when time-pressures may be less.Study design24 patients (14 male, median [range] age 13.9 [11.1–16.8] years) were enrolled from two regional paediatric CF centres in the United Kingdom. Data for a full scholastic year, were downloaded openly from a breath-activated data logging nebuliser (I-neb?). Adherence (% of doses taken ÷ expected number) was calculated during term-times, holidays, weekends and weekdays, for each patient.ResultsLarge variations in adherence were seen between patients. However, adherence during term-time was significantly better than holidays (p < 0.001). Weekday adherence was better than weekend adherence in term-time but not holidays. Interestingly, patients prescribed three daily treatments took on average 1.4 treatments/day, a similar number to those prescribed two daily treatments.ConclusionOverall adherence to inhaled therapies was reasonable, but significantly reduced during holiday periods. This suggests a need for families to have not only time, but also structure in their daily routine to maintain optimal adherence to long-term therapies. It is important for CF teams to appreciate these factors when supporting families. 相似文献
23.
CDw60 glycolipid antigens of human leukocytes: structural characterization and cellular distribution 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Monoclonal CDw60 antibodies recognize glycolipid antigens with restricted surface expression on human leukocytes. They allow us to define new functional subpopulations of T lymphocytes and are able to induce costimulatory signals. In this report, we describe the molecular composition of CDw60 glycolipid antigens derived from different human leukocyte subpopulations. The glycolipids were isolated and their structures were identified by immunochemical methods. All molecules containing the CDw60 determinant were found in the disialoganglioside fraction. They were O-acetylated derivatives of the gangliosides II3 (Neu5Ac)2-LacCer (GD3), IV3 (Neu5Ac)2-nLc4Cer (DSPG), and VI3 (Neu5Ac)2- nLc6Cer (DSnHC), respectively. The most common CDw60 glycolipid antigen in human leukocytes was 9-O-acetyl GD3. In a comparison of various cell types, the highest concentration of 9-O-acetyl GD3 on a per cell basis was determined in granulocytes and in blood T lymphocytes, whereas B lymphocytes, thymus cells, and monocytes contained considerably smaller amounts of this molecule. Polar CDw60 antigens such as 9-O-acetyl DSPG and 9-O-acetyl DSnHC were only detected in granulocytes. 相似文献
24.
Jay Sikalima Jessica L. Schue Sarah E. Hill Modest Mulenga Ray Handema Victor Daka Justin Chileshe Webster Kasongo Mike Chaponda Jean-Bertin Bukasa Kabuya William J. Moss Matthew M. Ippolito for the Southern Central Africa International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research 《The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene》2021,104(6):2131
25.
Styles LA; Schalkwijk CG; Aarsman AJ; Vichinsky EP; Lubin BH; Kuypers FA 《Blood》1996,87(6):2573-2578
Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is associated with significant morbidity and is the leading cause of death in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Recent reports suggest that bone marrow fat embolism can be detected in many cases of severe ACS. Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is an important inflammatory mediator and liberates free fatty acids, which are felt to be responsible for the acute lung injury of the fat embolism syndrome. We measured SPLA2 levels in 35 SCD patients during 20 admissions for ACS, 10 admissions for vaso-occlusive crisis, and during 12 clinic visits when patients were at the steady state. Eleven non-SCD patients with pneumonia were also evaluated. To determine if there was a relationship between sPLA2 and the severity of ACS we correlated SPLA2 levels with the clinical course of the patient. In comparison with normal controls (mean = 3.1 +/- 1.1 ng/mL), the non- SCD patients with pneumonia (mean = 68.6 +/- 82.9 ng/mL) and all three SCD patient groups had an elevation of SPLA2 (steady state mean = 10.0 +/- 8.4 ng/mL; vaso-occlusive crisis mean = 23.7 +/- 40.5 ng/mL; ACS mean = 336 +/- 209 ng/mL). In patients with ACS sPLA2 levels were 100- fold greater than normal control values, 35 times greater than values in SCD patients at baseline, and five times greater than non-SCD patients with pneumonia. The degree of SPLA2 elevation in ACS correlated with three different measures of clinical severity and, in patients followed sequentially, the rise in SPLA2 coincided with the onset of ACS. The dramatic elevation of SPLA2 in patients with ACS but not in patients with vaso-occlusive crisis or non-SCD patients with pneumonia and the correlation between levels of SPLA2 and clinical severity suggest a role for SPLA2 in the diagnosis and, perhaps, in the pathophysiology of patients with ACS. 相似文献
26.
27.
Woo KS Ghali WA Southern DA Tu JV Parsons G Graham MM 《The Canadian journal of cardiology》2008,24(2):115-117
BACKGROUND
Hospital discharge data are used extensively in health research. Given the clinical differences between ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), it is important that these entities be distinguishable in a medical record. The authors sought to determine the extent to which the type of MI is recorded in medical records, as well as the consistency of this designation within individual records.METHODS
Records of all MI patients admitted to a tertiary care centre in Canada from April 1, 2000, to March 31, 2001, were reviewed. Documentation and consistency of the use of the terms STEMI (Q wave, ST elevation or transmural MI) or NSTEMI (non-Q wave, subendocardial or nontransmural MI) were assessed in the admission history, progress notes, coronary care unit summary and discharge summary sections of each record.RESULTS
Missing data were common; each chart section mentioned MI type in fewer than one-half of charts. When information was combined, it was possible to determine the type of MI in 81.1% of cases. MI type was consistently described as STEMI in 48.7% of cases, and as NSTEMI in 32.4%. Of concern, MI type was discrepant across sections in 10.5% of cases and missing entirely in 8.4% of cases.CONCLUSIONS
The designation of MI cases as STEMI or NSTEMI is both incomplete and inconsistent in hospital records. This has implications for health services research conducted retrospectively using medical record data, because it is difficult to comprehensively study processes and outcomes of MI care if the type cannot be retrospectively determined. 相似文献28.
29.
30.
Bochud PY Bibert S Kutalik Z Patin E Guergnon J Nalpas B Goossens N Kuske L Müllhaupt B Gerlach T Heim MH Moradpour D Cerny A Malinverni R Regenass S Dollenmaier G Hirsch H Martinetti G Gorgiewski M Bourlière M Poynard T Theodorou I Abel L Pol S Dufour JF Negro F;Swiss Hepatitis C Cohort Study Group;ANRS HC EP Genoscan Study Group 《Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)》2012,55(2):384-394
Genetic polymorphisms near IL28B are associated with spontaneous and treatment-induced clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV), two processes that require the appropriate activation of the host immune responses. Intrahepatic inflammation is believed to mirror such activation, but its relationship with IL28B polymorphisms has yet to be fully appreciated. We analyzed the association of IL28B polymorphisms with histological and follow-up features in 2335 chronically HCV-infected Caucasian patients. Assessable phenotypes before any antiviral treatment included necroinflammatory activity (n = 1,098), fibrosis (n = 1,527), fibrosis progression rate (n = 1,312), and hepatocellular carcinoma development (n = 1,915). Associations of alleles with the phenotypes were evaluated by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression, accounting for all relevant covariates. The rare G allele at IL28B marker rs8099917-previously shown to be at risk of treatment failure-was associated with lower activity (P = 0.04), lower fibrosis (P = 0.02) with a trend toward lower fibrosis progression rate (P = 0.06). When stratified according to HCV genotype, most significant associations were observed in patients infected with non-1 genotypes (P = 0.003 for activity, P = 0.001 for fibrosis, and P = 0.02 for fibrosis progression rate), where the odds ratio of having necroinflammation or rapid fibrosis progression for patients with IL28B genotypes TG or GG versus TT were 0.48 (95% confidence intervals 0.30-0.78) and 0.56 (0.35-0.92), respectively. IL28B polymorphisms were not predictive of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSION: In chronic hepatitis C, IL28B variants associated with poor response to interferon therapy may predict slower fibrosis progression, especially in patients infected with non-1 HCV genotypes. 相似文献