apoB基因EcoRI、XbaI、MspI及apoAI基因-75bp、+83bp位点多态性与哈萨克族冠心病的相关性

目的:分析载脂蛋白B(apoB)基因EcoRI、XbaI、MspI位点和载脂蛋白AI(apoAI)基因-75bp、+83bp位点多态性与哈萨克族人冠心病的关系.方法:采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析法检测185例哈萨克族冠心病患者和216例哈萨克族非冠心病对照者的这些位点多态性.结果:①TC、TG及apoA...     

彩色多普勒超声在移植肾急性排异反应中的应用

目的 应用彩色多普勒超声寻找移植肾急性排异反应较为特异的诊断指标.方法 经移植肾穿刺活检证实的急性排异反应患者42例,经长期随访(1年以上)和临床检查证实的功能稳定期患者115例.对两组移植肾长径、宽径、厚径、实质厚度以及主肾动脉和弓状动脉的阻力指数(RI)进行统计学比较;选取肾体积增大,锥体肿大回声减低、RI＜0.7、RI≥0.7及RI≥0.8作为诊断标准,按诊断试验评价原则分别计算灵敏度、特异度、误诊率、漏诊率和符合率;并绘制ROC曲线,确定诊断界值.结果 两组的移植肾长径、宽径、厚径及实质厚度差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);急性排异反应组肾内血流灌注减少,肾动脉舒张期血流速度明显下降,RI明显增高,与移植肾功能稳定期比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);各诊断标准对应的灵敏度分别为55.30%,55.20%,42.10%,57.90%和31.60%;特异度分别为71.30%、87.10%、25.70%、74.20%、98.20%.结论 肾体积增大、肾锥体肿大、回声减低、RI升高对诊断移植肾急性排异反应有特异性.     

Major Cardiac–Psychiatric Drug–Drug Interactions: a Systematic Review of the Consistency of Drug Databases

Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy - Major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders (AD) are both highly prevalent among individuals with arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, heart failure,...     

Adrenergic influences on coeliac ganglion affect the release of progesterone from cycling ovaries: characterisation of an in vitro system

The superior ovarian nerve (SON) arrives at the ovary through the suspensory ligament and innervates mainly the ovarian stroma. Most neurones from which the SON fibres originate are located in the complex coeliac and mesenteric ganglia. Taking into account that other ganglia have been shown to have alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, and that the coeliac ganglion receives adrenergic fibres from other sympathetic paravertebral and preaortic ganglia, we utilised adrenergic agonists and antagonists specific to the ganglion, to analyse the role of the alpha and beta receptors in ovarian physiology. To that end, it was necessary to develop and standardise an in vitro coeliac ganglion-SON-ovary (coeliac ganglion-SON-O) experimental system that would enable study of the release of steroids in the ovary in the absence of humoral factors. We investigated the effect of adrenergic agents on the liberation of progesterone in the different stages of the oestrous cycle.To this end we placed the coeliac ganglion and the ovary in different compartments, connected through the SON, to produce a system being studied as a whole. Combined neural and hormonal (luteinising hormone (LH)) effects were also examined. Non-specific stimulation with KCl in the ganglion compartment evoked different responses in terms of release of progesterone, depending on the physiological conditions of the cycle; this demonstrated the sensitivity and viability of the system. During pro-oestrus, stimulation of the ganglion compartment with adrenergic agents such as the agonist noradrenaline or the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, did not modify the release of progesterone. In contrast, the alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine, induced a strong inhibitory response. During the oestrous stage, noradrenaline was inactive, but phentolamine and propranolol exerted a strong stimulus throughout the experiment. On dioestrus day 1 (D1), both noradrenaline and propranolol increased the release of ovarian progesterone, whereas phentolamine had the opposite effect. Finally, on dioestrus day 2 (D2), what was noteworthy was the pronounced inhibitory effect of noradrenaline, whereas phentolamine was inactive and propranolol showed its greatest stimulatory effect. In order to compare the combined neural and endocrine effects on the ovarian release of progesterone, the experiment was carried out during stages D1 and D2, when the corpora lutea are at their peak of activity. Adrenergic agents were added to the ganglion and LH in a final concentration of 50 ng/ml was added to the ovarian comparment. Different effects were observed indicating a differential response to these agents in stimulated and basal conditions. We conclude that the in vitro coeliac ganglion-SON-ovary system is a functional entity because it possesses its own autonomic tone. This is verified because different basal values of progesterone appear in the different stages of the oestrous cycle. In similar fashion, variations of progesterone induced via the neural pathway were observed under different experimental conditions. In contrast, on D2, noradrenaline added to the ganglion compartment had an inhibitory effect on the liberation of ovarian progesterone.This would indicate that, during this phase, noradrenaline may not be the neurotransmitter released in the ovarian compartment, but that other inhibitory molecules might participate in the observed effects. Finally, during D2, the neural input would condition the ovarian response to LH, facilitating the decrease in progesterone necessary to start a new cycle. The experimental scheme is, in our opinion, a valuable tool for the study of peripheral neural participation in ovarian physiology.     

A clinical study assessing the tolerability and biological effects of infliximab, a TNF-alpha inhibitor, in patients with advanced cancer

BACKGROUND: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an important regulator of the chronic inflammation contributing to tumour progression. Infliximab, an anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody was investigated in this trial of patients with advanced cancer. The primary objectives were to determine the safety profile and biological response of infliximab in a cancer population. Clinical response was a secondary objective. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients received infliximab at 5 mg/kg (n = 21) or 10 mg/kg (n = 20) i.v. at 0 and 2 weeks and then every 4 weeks. Post-treatment samples were measured for changes in plasma and serum TNF-alpha, CCL2, IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS: Infliximab was well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxic effects. At both doses of infliximab, neutralisation of serum TNF-alpha was observed after 1 h while plasma CCL2, IL-6 and serum CRP were decreased 24 and 48 h following infliximab administration. Seven patients experienced disease stablisation (range 10-50+ weeks). There was no evidence of disease acceleration in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab treatment was safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced cancer. There was evidence of biological activity with baseline TNF-alpha and CCL2 being correlated with infliximab response.     

Feeding during acute diarrhea as a risk factor for persistent diarrhea

Dietary intake during diarrhea in children less than three years of age was estimated from information recorded on illustrated dietary forms used by children's caretakers during the first week of illness in a prospective community-based study of diarrheal diseases in Lima, Peru. The frequency of consumption and the amount consumed of food groups and selected commonly consumed foods were analyzed by the final duration of the diarrheal episode. Cereals were less frequently consumed during the acute phase of diarrheal episodes that ultimately became persistent (>14 days'duration), apparently shortening the duration of the episode by one day (median duration of four days in children not consuming vs three days in children consuming cereals during diarrhea, p <0.02 Kaplan-Meier logrank test). Only roots and tubers (mainly potatoes) were consumed in greater quantity during episodes that became persistent. There was no evidence that consumption of breast milk or non-maternal milk was associated with an alteration in diarrheal duration. This study provides further evidence of the beneficial effects of continuing feeding during diarrhea using foods available at the home level, especially cereals, which are commonly used in the diet of young children.