臀肌注射性坐骨神经损伤

0　引言　臀肌注射性坐骨神经损伤 ,近来有增加趋势且常引起医患纠纷 .我们分析 5 2例临床资料 ,并提出防治措施 .1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　男 32例 ,女 2 0例 .年龄 :<3岁 ,15例 ;3～ 6岁 ,2 9例 ;6～ 16岁 ,8例 .原发疾患多为呼吸道或胃肠道感染(4 8例 ) ,其中 37例伴发热 . 16人注射 2次以上 ,2 7人一次注射剂量超过 5 m L.注射药物分别为青霉素、庆大霉素、柴胡等 .医疗单位多为私人诊所或乡村医疗站 (4 3例 )、厂矿医院(6例 ) .1.2　症状与体征　均以“足下垂”就诊 .查体还发现腓浅神经支配区痛觉减退 (4 0例 ) ,2例合并胫神经支配…     

河北省4个地区广泛焦虑症的流行病学调查

目的:了解广泛焦虑症的患病率及人口学特点。方法:于2004-10/2005-03随机抽取河北省邯郸、保定、秦皇岛、承德4个地级市18岁以上人口进行全省精神疾病流行病学现场抽样调查工作,总样本24000人。调查筛选工具采用改编后的一般健康问卷12项,以《DSM-Ⅳ-TR轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查》病人版为调查的诊断工具。根据被调查者一般健康问卷12项总分,把被调查者分为高危人群、中危人群、低危人群3类。根据预试验调查结果确定三段危险人群的分界分:总分≥4分属于高危人群,高危人群全部进行DSM-Ⅳ-TR轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查;总分为2分或3分即属中危人群,中危人群约40%需进行DSM-Ⅳ-TR轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查,总分为0分或1分即属低危人群,低危人群中10%需进行DSM-Ⅳ-TR轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查。改编后的一般健康问卷12项分数及内容不变,另外增加8个问题均为高危因素,并进行DSM-Ⅳ-TR轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查。结果:①实际完成调查20716人,其中男10343人(49.9%),女10373人(50.1%)。共诊断焦虑症患者127例。②按高中低危因素调整后时点患病率为7.69/1000(95%CI6.50/1000～8.88/1000)。城市患病率4.87/1000,农村患病率8.10/1000,两者差异无显著性意义(u=1.78,P>0.05)。女性患病率明显高于男性,差异有显著性意义(分别为10.42/1000,4.97/1000,u=4.49,P<0.01),男女患病率比例为1:2.10。按不同年龄阶段的人口计算出各年龄段的时点患病率,20～29岁患病率较低(3.17/1000),50～59岁患病率较高(15.56/1000)。③通过12个因素的Logistic回归分析发现,影响广泛焦虑症的危险因素有年龄50～59岁(OR=1.713);保护性因素男性(OR=0.431),年龄20～29岁(OR=0.393),收入10001～20000元(OR=0.568),收入20001～40000元(OR=0.117)。结论:广泛焦虑症的流行病学特征为女性、中老年人患病率较高,男性、青年、收入中等者患病率较低。     

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (inflammatory pseudotumors) of the gastrointestinal tract: how closely are they related to inflammatory fibroid polyps?

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (inflammatory pseudotumors) and inflammatory fibroid polyps of the gastrointestinal tract both feature prominent inflammatory infiltrates admixed with spindle-shaped fibroblasts/myofibroblasts set in a collagenous, fibrovascular, or myxoid stroma. Erroneously, some have considered inflammatory fibroid polyps to be intraluminal manifestations of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. In this study, we have characterized the histopathology of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, tumors that have only rarely been reported in the gastrointestinal tract, and have focused on whether inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors and inflammatory fibroid polyps in the gastrointestinal tract are distinct or similar. Clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of 38 inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors limited to the wall of the gastrointestinal tract were compared with those of 45 inflammatory fibroid polyps. Compared to patients with inflammatory fibroid polyps, those with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors were younger (mean age 41 years vs. 53 years); had larger tumors (mean 8 +/- 5.2 cm vs. 3.6 +/- 4.6 cm); presented with abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss more frequently and less frequently had bowel obstruction. Inflammatory fibroid polyps had more eosinophils and fibrosis and fewer lymphoid cell infiltrates than inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. A regular vascular pattern was a feature of inflammatory fibroid polyps but not of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. Most (82%) inflammatory fibroid polyps were positive for CD34 versus none of the inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. Smooth muscle actin was more frequently positive in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors than in inflammatory fibroid polyps (86% versus 13%). Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors were much less frequent and were more evenly distributed in the gastrointestinal tract than inflammatory fibroid polyps. Both appear to be benign processes. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, but not inflammatory fibroid polyps, had a tendency to recur. In conclusion, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are extremely rare and differ clinically, histologically, and immunohistochemically from inflammatory fibroid polyps.     

Evaluation of NF2 and NF1 tumor suppressor genes in distinctive gastrointestinal nerve sheath tumors traditionally diagnosed as benign schwannomas: s study of 20 cases

A significant percentage of conventional schwannomas, whether sporadic or associated with neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2), show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at NF2 and/or NF2 inactivating mutations. Similarly, a significant percentage of neurofibromas show LOH at NF1 and/or NF1 inactivating mutations. There are no molecular genetic data on gastrointestinal (GI) nerve sheath tumors traditionally diagnosed as benign schwannomas, rare neoplasms possibly derived from the schwannian elements dispersed between the smooth muscle fibers. In this study, we analyzed 1 esophageal, 16 gastric, 1 small intestinal, and 2 colonic tumors of such type. Histologically, all were spindle cell neoplasms positive for S-100 protein, vimentin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein, and negative for smooth muscle markers, KIT, CD34, neurofilament proteins, and HMB45. Focal or extensive lymphoid cuffs, often containing germinal centers, were present in most cases. None of the patients had NF2 or NF1. Chromosomes 22 and 17, particularly NF2 and NF1 loci, were analyzed for LOH in all GI tumors and for comparative purposes in 10 conventional schwannomas. LOH on 22q was seen in 40% of conventional schwannomas but in only 5% (1 of 20) of GI schwannomas. PCR amplification followed by direct sequencing of PCR products failed to identify mutations in NF2 coding sequences (exons 1-15) in 13 cases, including a case with LOH on 22q. Losses on 17q involving NF1 were seen in both GI and conventional schwannomas in 50% and 33% of analyzed tumors, respectively. LOH at NF1 might be one of the genetic features seen in peripheral nerve sheath tumors from different locations and should be interpreted with caution. However, lack of NF2 alterations strongly supports the hypothesis that GI schwannomas represent a morphologically and genetically distinct group of peripheral nerve sheath tumors that are different from conventional schwannomas.     

Recombinant LH supplementation to recombinant FSH during the final days of controlled ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization. A multicentre, prospective, randomized, controlled trial

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this multicentre, multinational trial was to study whether rLH supplementation to recombinant FSH (rFSH) during the late follicular phase increased pregnancy rates. METHODS: After down-regulation with nafarelin, 526 women were randomized on Day 1 of stimulation to use either rFSH (Gonal-F) alone (n = 261) or to continue after Day 6 of stimulation with both rFSH (Gonal-F) and rLH (Luveris) (n = 265) from Day 6. The starting dose of rFSH was 150-225 IU/day according to age below or above 35 years. RESULTS: Ongoing pregnancy rate at week 10-12 was 28.7% after rFSH alone and 27.2% after rFSH + rLH. This showed no evidence of a difference. Administration of rLH significantly (P< 0.001) increased serum LH. Ongoing pregnancy rates in patients with low LH levels (<33 percentile) on Days 1 and 6 of stimulation showed no difference between the group treated with rFSH only (23.9% low Day 1 LH; 22.1% low Day 6 LH) versus rFSH + rLH (25.0% low Day 1 LH; 28.9% low Day 6 LH). CONCLUSIONS: Supplementing rFSH with daily doses of 75-150 IU of rLH during the second half of the follicular phase showed no evidence of increasing the ongoing pregnancy rates in the general population. (ClinicalTrials.gov, trial number: KF02-035/03).     

Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a consensus approach

As a result of major recent advances in understanding the biology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), specifically recognition of the central role of activating KIT mutations and associated KIT protein expression in these lesions, and the development of novel and effective therapy for GISTs using the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI-571, these tumors have become the focus of considerable attention among pathologists, clinicians, and patients. Stromal/mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract have long been a source of confusion and controversy with regard to classification, line(s) of differentiation, and prognostication. Characterization of the KIT pathway and its phenotypic implications has helped to resolve some but not all of these issues. Given the now critical role of accurate and reproducible pathologic diagnosis in ensuring appropriate treatment for patients with GIST, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) convened a GIST workshop in April 2001 with the goal of developing a consensus approach to diagnosis and morphologic prognostication. Key elements of the consensus, as described herein, are the defining role of KIT immunopositivity in diagnosis and a proposed scheme for estimating metastatic risk in these lesions, based on tumor size and mitotic count, recognizing that it is probably unwise to use the definitive term benign for any GIST, at least at the present time.     

The nitric oxide hypothesis of migraine and other vascular headaches

The molecular mechanisms of migraine pain remain to be determined. Our studies of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)-induced and histamine-induced headaches have led us to propose that nitric oxide (NO) may be the causative molecule in migraine pain. We also propose that substances capable of inducing experimental vascular headache do so with NO as the common mediator. Finally, we suggest that drugs with antimigraine activity inhibit NO and the cascade of intracellular reactions triggered by NO. We believe these observations provide new insight into the mechanisms of vascular headache. The importance of NO as a potential initiator of the migraine attack indicates new directions for the pharmacological treatment of migraine and other vascular headaches.     

人体器官移植的伦理困境及其对策

目的：从伦理学角度探讨器官移植面临的困境，探索相应对策。方法：为实现研究目标，首先进行了文献检索，全面系统地回顾、分析、总结上世纪80年代以来国内外有关器官移植的相关技术、政策资料、法律法规及其效果评价等方面的研究成果。登陆国际互联网站和专业期刊网站全文数据库，搜索国家媒体的有关报道及社会学、卫生法学、医学、医学伦理学等领域的相关研究成果。与从事多年器官移植技术工作的专家以及从事多年卫生法学、医学伦理学教学工作的教授进行深入交流和探讨，结合国内器官移植技术的实际情况进行分析。结果：器官移植技术的开展与人们的传统观念、道德、伦理发生冲突，使得该技术的广泛应用陷入诸多困境。活体供者、尸体供者、胎儿供体、死刑犯供体、受体的伦理困境、异种器官移植的伦理困境以及卫生资源分配的困境制约着器官移植医学的发展。结论：应尽快建立器官捐献的激励机制；坚持器官分配的效用和公正原则；确定符合国情的器官移植发展速度和适宜的规模；建立长效的宣传教育机制；建立全国性的或者区域性的器官移植调配中心或网络；建立健全的法律保障机制。     

应用两层法保存和运输成人胰腺的实验

目的:提高胰岛的分离纯化率是胰岛移植成功的关键,其中胰腺的冷缺血时间是主要影响因素之一。探讨并建立供体胰腺长时间(>8h)保存和运送方法。方法:实验于2006-06/2007-02在解放军南京军区福州总医院全军器官移植中心完成,得到医院伦理道德委员会批准。①实验方法:应用两层保存法(University of Wisconsin液/全氟化碳),将25例成人胰腺置于广口瓶中,充氧并盖紧,放入冰筒中送达实验室,按冷缺血时间的长短,分为>8h组(n=17)和≤8h组(n=8)。参照改良后Ricordi方法分离胰岛,将胰腺切片置入消化罐中循环消化。应用连续密度梯度离心法在COBE2991离心机中纯化胰岛组织,并用双硫腙、吖啶橙、碘化丙啶染色。②实验评估:分别进行纯化后胰岛计数、纯度和活率检测,同时检测胰岛对高、低糖的反应性。结果:①冷缺血时间>8h组胰腺的冷缺血时间显著长于≤8h组(P<0.01)。②经双硫腙染色后,两组分离纯化的总胰岛当量、胰岛收获量差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);两组胰岛纯度和活率差异也无显著性意义(P>0.05)。③经低糖、高糖分别刺激后,两组胰岛素释放量及其刺激指数差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:应用两层保存法保存和运送供体胰腺,可明显延长保存时间,但对胰岛的分离纯化数量和功能没有明显影响,为胰岛移植远距离保存和运送腺体提供了有利条件。