几种中西药抗人实验模拟运动病效果观察

目的 :选用中药“治晕灵”的主要成分生姜、明天麻等六味草药煎成汤剂、或半量汤剂配西药脑益嗪、山莨菪碱各1 4临床常用量配成复方中西药制剂 ,与目前常用抗晕药晕海宁等中、西药的药效进行比较 ,看中药制剂或中西药复方制剂是否具有较好的抗运动病效果。方法 :选 7名敏感被试者 (女性 ,19～ 2 1岁 ) ,用旋转刺激诱发运动病至出现恶心。按拉丁方设计 ,与安慰剂 (淀粉 10 0mg)及晕海宁 (5 0mg)进行对比 ,分别观察了生姜合剂 (30ml)、晕可平 (30ml)、山莨菪碱 (10mg)、脑益嗪 (2 5mg)及上述复方中西药制剂口服后的运动病耐力。结果 :与安慰剂比较 ,晕海宁、山莨菪碱、脑益嗪、晕可平、生姜合剂、复方中西药制剂分别使运动病耐力提高 5 .4%、7.5 %、5 .9%、7.4%、32 .3 %、2 0 .4% ;生姜合剂效果较优 ,除口服时有辛辣味外 ,无明显的副作用。复方中西药制剂各成分未显示协同作用 ,而只是简单的作用相加。结论 :生姜合剂具有较好的抗运动病作用     

Non-invasive detection of fecal protein kinase C betaII and zeta messenger RNA: putative biomarkers for colon cancer

We have developed a non-invasive method utilizing feces, containing sloughed colonocytes, as a sensitive technique for detecting diagnostic colonic biomarkers. In this study, we used the rat colon carcinogenesis model to determine if changes in fecal protein kinase C (PKC) expression have predictive value in monitoring the neoplastic process. Weanling rats were injected with saline or azoxymethane (AOM) and 36 weeks later fecal samples and mucosa were collected, poly A+ RNA isolated, and quantitative RT-PCR performed using primers to PKC betaII and zeta. Fecal PKC betaII and zeta mRNA levels were altered by the presence of a tumor, with tumor-bearing animals having a 3-fold higher (P < 0.05) PKC betaII expression as compared with animals without tumors. In addition, AOM-injection increased mucosal PKC betaII mRNA expression compared with saline controls. No effect of tumor incidence on mucosal PKC betaII expression was observed. In contrast, fecal PKC zeta expression was 2.5-fold lower (P < 0.05) in animals injected with azoxymethane versus saline. Since tumor incidence exerts a reciprocal effect on fecal PKC betaII and zeta mRNA expression, data were also expressed as the ratio between PKC betaII and zeta. The isozyme ratio was strongly related to tumor incidence, i.e. ratio for animals with tumors was 2.18 +/- 1.25, animals without tumors was 0.50 +/- 0.16, P = 0.025. We demonstrate that the expression of fecal PKC betaII and zeta may serve as a noninvasive marker for development of colon tumors. A sensitive technique for the detection of colon cancer is of importance since early diagnosis can substantially reduce mortality.      

Effects of body position on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions: the clinical perspective Efectos de la posición del cuerpo en las emisiones otoacústicas evocadas por transitorios: la perspectiva clínica

The present study investigated body position effects on transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) recordings of clinical significance. Sixty adults (30 males, 30 females) were assessed using the Otodynamics ILO88 Analyzer in three positions (sitting, supine, and side-lying). Results indicated significant positional effects on the TEOAE parameters of A–B difference, noise, whole wave reproducibility, and response levels. These differences included higher noise levels in supine and side-lying positions in comparison to the upright sitting position. Lower whole wave reproducibility measurements, and higher response amplitudes, in the side-lying position compared with supine and seated positions were also observed. No significant effects were evident for signal-to-noise ratio or band reproducibility. Given the lack of significant body position effects on these latter parameters and the infrequent clinical use of the other parameters in isolation, there was no evidence to suggest the future need for major review of current pass/fail criteria or of the standard test protocol.     

Cytogenetic and histologic correlations in malignant lymphoma

Although a number of studies have indicated correlations between histologic subtypes of tumors and certain nonrandom chromosome changes, cytogenetic studies of lymphoma are in an early stage compared to those of leukemia. No comprehensive analysis of available data has so far been attempted in the literature either. Here we present an analysis of chromosome changes and their correlation with subtypes of lymphoma studied by conventional histology and cell surface markers, as observed in two sets of data: a group of 65 karyotypically abnormal tumors sequentially ascertained and studied by us during the period January 1, 1984 to April 30, 1985, and a larger data set derived by combining our data with those from two published series from the University of Minnesota that are comparable to our data. These combined data, which comprise the largest data set on the cytogenetics of lymphomas assembled so far, enabled a comprehensive analysis of correlation between chromosome change and tumor histology and the patterns of chromosome instability in these tumors. We found several significant associations, some previously described and others now recognized, between nonrandom chromosome gains, breaks, translocations, and deletions and histologic subtypes of tumors that characterize lymphomas. The data indicate that finding of chromosome breaks at certain sites (eg, 8q24, 14q32, 18q21) is of diagnostic value in dealing with cases of unusual lymphoma. Furthermore, nonrandom chromosome breakage exhibited three distinct patterns that reflected three levels of etiologically relevant genetic change.     

Disproportionate Reduction of Serotonin Transporter May Predict the Response and Adherence to Antidepressants in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Positron Emission Tomography Study with 4-[18F]-ADAM

Background:

Many lines of evidence suggest the role of serotonin transporter (SERT)-mediated reuptake of serotonin in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to examine whether the pretreatment of SERT binding potential or SERT binding ratio between terminal projection regions relative to the midbrain raphe nuclei was associated with treatment outcomes to SERT-targeted antidepressants.

Methods:

We recruited 39 antidepressant-naïve patients with MDD and 39 heathy controls. Positron emission tomography with N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-[¹⁸F]fluorophenylthio)benzylamine (4-[¹⁸F]-ADAM) was used to measure in vivo SERT availability prior to antidepressant treatment. The 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was use to assess the severity of depression from baseline to week 6. All the patients with MDD had HDRS scores of 18 or more.

Results:

Pretreatment SERT binding in the thalamus and striatum positively correlated with an early reduction in HDRS scores at week 3. Nonresponders and dropout patients showed a proportionate reduction in SERT binding in the terminal projection regions and midbrain compared to healthy controls. In contrast, a disproportionate reduction in SERT binding in the terminal projection regions relative to midbrain was observed in responders.

Conclusions:

The results of this study suggested that a disproportionate reduction in SERT binding between terminal projection regions and midbrain may predict better treatment outcomes in patients with MDD.