Correlation between scalp-recorded electroencephalographic and electrocorticographic activities during ictal period.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between scalp-recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) and electrocorticographic (ECoG) activities during ictal periods. METHODS: Simultaneous EEG and ECoG recordings with chronic subdural electrodes were performed in eight patients with partial epilepsy. RESULTS: In two cases where the ictal ECoG discharges originated in deep brain structures such as the hippocampus and interhemispheric surface of the frontal lobe, ictal discharges could not be detected on EEG until they expanded to the cortex of convexity. In four cases, the ictal onset zones were located in the lateral convexity. When synchronous or near synchronous ictal ECoG discharges with amplitudes of 200-2000muV were recorded on more than 8-15cm(2) of cortex, corresponding discharges were recorded on EEG in these four cases. However, in a case of frontal lobe epilepsy, asynchronous ictal ECoG discharges were recorded on 10 electrodes of convexity but no ictal EEG activity was recorded. Furthermore, in two frontal lobe epilepsy cases, ictal EEG discharges did not always reflect the ictal ECoG spike, but occasionally reflected slow background ECoG activity around the ictal discharges. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple factors such as the width of the cortical area involved, amplitude of ictal discharges and degree of synchronization of electrical potentials play important roles in the appearance of ictal EEG recordings, and the relationship between ictal EEG and ECoG is not straightforward.     

Successful treatment with balloon dilatation using a double‐balloon enteroscope for a stricture in the small bowel of a patient with Crohn's disease

The requirement for endoscopic access to a stricture is a major limitation of the endoscopic dilatation for the treatment of strictures in the gastrointestinal tract. We have developed the double‐balloon enteroscopy method that enables visualization of the entire small bowel. In addition, double‐balloon enteroscopy has a potential for the interventional therapy including dilatation of strictures. We present here a case of jejunal strictures in a 47‐year‐old woman with Crohn's disease successfully treated with a balloon catheter in combination with double‐balloon enteroscopy. Balloon dilation with double‐balloon enteroscopy is a promising method for the treatment of small bowel strictures in Crohn's disease.     

Magnesium intake is inversely associated with the prevalence of tooth loss in Japanese pregnant women: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study.

There have only been a few studies on the role of mineral intake in tooth loss. We investigated the association between mineral intake and the prevalence of tooth loss in Japan. We used the baseline data on 1002 pregnant women who were enrolled in the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study between November 2001 and March 2003. Tooth loss was defined as the previous extraction of one or more teeth. Nutrient intake was assessed by a validated diet history questionnaire. Prevalence odds ratios and confidence intervals were estimated by applying a multiple logistic regression model. The adjusted odds ratio upon comparison of the highest quartile with the lowest quartile of magnesium intake was 0.64 (95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.99), showing a tendency for an inverse dose-response relationship (p for linear trend = 0.05). There were no associations between the level of consumption of calcium, phosphate, iron, zinc, or copper and tooth loss. The present findings suggest that intake of magnesium is related to reduced prevalence of tooth loss among young Japanese women.     

Effects of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus on the risk of total cardiovascular events in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia: implications from the Japan Lipid Intervention Trial (J-LIT).

Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM) are well-established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We analyzed the cardiovascular events in hyperlipidemic patients with or without DM who were administered open-labeled simvastatin in groups stratified by blood pressure level using data from the Japan Lipid Intervention Trial (J-LIT). Hyperlipidemic patients with DM (n=6,288) had significantly more cardiovascular events than those without DM (n=33,933). The incidence rates of total cardiovascular events in the Non-DM and DM groups were 15.40 and 25.76 per 1,000 patients for the 6-year period, respectively. The relative risk of total cardiovascular events in the DM vs. the Non-DM group was 1.68, and the relative risk was significantly higher in the DM than in the Non-DM group. The relative risks of total cardiovascular events were significantly higher in DM and Non-DM patients whose systolic blood pressure (SBP) was greater than or equal to 130 mmHg compared to that of Non-DM patients whose SBP was less than 130 mmHg, and in DM and Non-DM patients whose diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was greater than or equal to 80 mmHg compared to that of Non-DM patients whose DBP was less than 80 mmHg. In all groups stratified by SBP and DBP, relative risks of total cardiovascular events were higher in DM patients than in Non-DM patients. For patients with hypercholesterolemia and DM, blood pressure should be strictly controlled in order to prevent both coronary events and stroke. These results are in good agreement with the JNC 7 and the ESH/ESC guidelines for DM patients, which recommended that the SBP and DBP be less than 130 and 80 mmHg, respectively.     

伊克昭盟甘草群落调查报告

通过样地调查和采挖试验,内蒙古伊克昭盟的甘草群落可划分为12个类型,并对各类群落的利用作出评估。     

Intraocular penetration kinetics of prednisolone after subconjunctival injection in rabbits

Prednisolone concentrations in cornea, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor and the residual amount in conjunctival tissue were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography during a 14-hour period after subconjunctival injection of prednisolone sodium succinate in rabbits. Prednisolone was concentrated in the corneal epithelium and reached a peak within 5 min, whereas the peak level of prednisolone in stroma-endothelium was achieved 1 h after the injection. There was an apparent linear binding of prednisolone with the ocular tissue homogenates and fluids except for the vitreous humor. However, the protein binding of prednisolone with vitreous humor showed marked concentration dependency. A pharmacokinetic model involving a rapid conversion to prednisolone from its ester prodrug, first-order transfer to various tissues, and first-order elimination of unbound prednisolone from vitreous humor succeeded in predicting the observed concentration-time profiles of prednisolone in various ocular tissues and fluids after subconjunctival injection at three different doses: 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mg/kg. The present model predicted that absorption into precorneal area and epithelium and direct penetration into aqueous humor and vitreous humor are 1.7, 0.1, and 0.2% of the applied dose, respectively, and that almost the entire dose (98%) is absorbed into the systemic circulation, with a half-life of 38 min.     

A case of humidifier lung associated with BHL]

We encountered a rare case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL). The patient was a 53-year-old male, who developed dry cough and shortness of breath when using a humidifier since 1982. He was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation in 1987. Chest X-ray films showed BHL and ground glass appearance in the bilateral lung fields. Pulmonary function test indicated disturbance of diffusing capacity. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed interstitial pneumonitis, and lymph node biopsy by mediastinoscopy showed lymphoid sinus histiocytosis without noncaseating granuloma. Provocation test using the humidifier was positive, and the diagnosis of humidifier lung with BHL was made.     

Management of respiratory diseases in the elderly]

Aspiration pneumonia is the fourth cause of death in Japanese, of which 92% occurs in elderly people aged more than 65 years. Pneumonia in the elderly is mostly due to aspiration. Aspiration is caused by disturbance of the pharyngeal reflex and cough mechanisms are due to disturbances of brain activity. Respiratory diseases including bronchial asthma must be treated with consideration of brain activity.