改良保护性肠造口术应用于老年梗阻性乙状结肠癌患者的效果观察

目的 观察改良保护性肠造口术对老年梗阻性乙状结肠癌患者的疗效及患者围术期炎性因子变化情况.方法 选取梗阻性乙状结肠癌手术治疗患者96例作为研究对象,采用随机盲法分为观察组50例和对照组46例.观察组采用改良保护性肠造口术治疗,对照组采用回肠袢式造口术治疗.比较2组患者的疗效、炎性因子水平、血清胃泌素(GAS)水平、肝细胞生长因子(HGF)水平、并发症发生情况和预后情况.结果 Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期手术后,观察组术后禁食时间、住院时间和排气时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组Ⅱ期手术后并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后,观察组血清白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、GAS、HGF水平均低于对照组,健康状况调查简表(SF-36)各维度评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组患者术后24个月的累积复发率、累积病死率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 改良保护性肠造口术应用于老年梗阻性乙状结肠癌患者中疗效显著,可有效降低炎性因子水平,促进患者术后恢复,改善患者生活质量及远期预后.     

Proline at the P2 position in protein C is important for calcium- mediated regulation of protein C activation and secretion

Protein C is a vitamin K-dependent plasma serine protease zymogen, which upon activation, functions as an anticoagulant. Protein C activation is catalyzed by a complex of thrombin (T) with thrombomodulin (TM). This activation is Ca(2+)-dependent, but Ca2+ inhibits protein C activation by thrombin alone. In most proteases, specificity is determined primarily by the residues that lie near the scissile bond. In protein C, the P2 position is Pro, whereas in the fibrinogen A chain, P2 is Val. We have expressed a Pro-->Val mutant of protein C (P168V) in mammalian cells. At saturating Ca2+, the P168V and wild-type proteins were activated by the T-TM complex equivalently, but half maximal rates of activation were obtained at 50 mumol/L Ca2+ for wild type and approximately 5 mmol/L Ca2+ for the P168V mutant. In the absence of TM, Ca2+ no longer inhibited the activation of the P168V mutant. These results indicate that Pro168 influences the Ca(2+)- dependent conformational changes in protein C that control activation. Recently, a patient with thrombotic complications has been identified with a Pro168-->Leu substitution. Both the P168V and the P168L mutation lead to impaired secretion caused by retention within the cell.     

Weight loss may be a better approach for managing musculoskeletal conditions than increasing muscle mass and strength

To prevent or remedy musculoskeletal conditions, the relationship between obesity and the characteristics of muscle mass and strength need to be clarified. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 259 Japanese males aged 30–64 years were classified into 4 groups according to the Japanese obesity criteria. Body composition was evaluated, and handgrip strength and knee extensor strength were measured for the upper and lower extremities, respectively. Physical performance was evaluated with a jump test. [Results] Obesity was positively correlated with skeletal muscle mass index, percentage of whole-body fat, and leg muscle strength and negatively correlated with the percentage of muscle mass index, body weight-normalized handgrip strength, and knee extensor strength, and the jump test results. [Conclusion] Weight loss may be a better approach than increasing muscle mass and strength to improve musculoskeletal conditions in obese adult males.Key words: Obesity, Muscle mass, Muscle strength     

Frequency-specific Alterations of Large-scale Functional Brain Networks in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Background:

Previous studies have indicated that the cognitive deficits in patients with Alzheimer''s disease (AD) may be due to topological deteriorations of the brain network. However, whether the selection of a specific frequency band could impact the topological properties is still not clear. Our hypothesis is that the topological properties of AD patients are also frequency-specific.

Methods:

Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 10 right-handed moderate AD patients (mean age: 64.3 years; mean mini mental state examination [MMSE]: 18.0) and 10 age and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age: 63.6 years; mean MMSE: 28.2) were enrolled in this study. The global efficiency, the clustering coefficient (CC), the characteristic path length (CpL), and “small-world” property were calculated in a wide range of thresholds and averaged within each group, at three different frequency bands (0.01–0.06 Hz, 0.06–0.11 Hz, and 0.11–0.25 Hz).

Results:

At lower-frequency bands (0.01–0.06 Hz, 0.06–0.11 Hz), the global efficiency, the CC and the “small-world” properties of AD patients decreased compared to controls. While at higher-frequency bands (0.11–0.25 Hz), the CpL was much longer, and the “small-world” property was disrupted in AD, particularly at a higher threshold. The topological properties changed with different frequency bands, suggesting the existence of disrupted global and local functional organization associated with AD.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that the topological alterations of large-scale functional brain networks in AD patients are frequency dependent, thus providing fundamental support for optimal frequency selection in future related research.